How many mutations can a virus have before it's considered a different virus?

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• How many mutations can a virus have before it's considered a different virus?
• If a human is limping, are animals able to tell the human is injured?
• Why do rings form according to the axis of a planet and not randomly?
• What’s the mechanism that causes sore throats due to viral infections?
• If solar systems are not aligned parallel to the galactic plane, then why are we seeing so many exoplanet discoveries in our galactic region?
• Can a mRNA based vaccine recombine with the sars-cov-2 virus ?
• Why is The Great Conjunction a big deal?
• How big of a concern is polyethylene glycol (PEG) in mRNA vaccines?
• Will the virus causing COVID-19 disappear/go extinct after everyone gets the vaccine?
• are fragrance particles smaller than the covid-19 virus? how come you can smell fragrance while wearing a mask.
• How would one calculate if striking a metal shell would deform it, penetrate it, or not deform it (in the context of striking armor with a weapon)?
• Since Mercury's temperature varies from 430°C to -180°C, and one day-night cycle takes 176 earth days, does the planet go through a few days of mild and livable temperature like the earth?
• How does a stomachache work physiologically?
• If I Mix Two People's Blood Together In A Vial, Can A Blood Test Identify Them?
• Am I looking wrong to Saturn and Jupiter?
• How will people be able to identify when any of the coronavirus vaccines begin to work?
• Are inactive virus vaccine more robust against mutations compared to mRNA vaccine?
• Why are the photons of Møller scattering virtual and what exactly prevents them from being measured?
• Where/How are comets generated?
• Why the drag coefficient decreases with increasing Reynolds number?
• What are all the known COVID strains and examples of mutations? Is there a list or study?

How many mutations can a virus have before it's considered a different virus? Posted: 22 Dec 2020 03:29 AM PST Speaking in the context of the recent reports about mutations found in Covid-19 virus in the UK. submitted by /u/Not_Your_Dude [link] [comments]

If a human is limping, are animals able to tell the human is injured? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 09:42 AM PST For example say someone hurt their leg and is limping to walk, are birds, cats, dogs, etc able to pick up that the person is hurt? submitted by /u/MidorirodiM [link] [comments]

Why do rings form according to the axis of a planet and not randomly? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 10:41 AM PST submitted by /u/yhhgg [link] [comments]

What’s the mechanism that causes sore throats due to viral infections? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 09:39 AM PST I cannot find anything about this online. I know that viral infections, and to a lesser extent, bacterial infections, cause sore throats. But WHY? Is it beneficial to the body in fighting infections somehow? Is it inflammation of the lymph nodes? Can't figure it out! submitted by /u/dumpling305 [link] [comments]

If solar systems are not aligned parallel to the galactic plane, then why are we seeing so many exoplanet discoveries in our galactic region? Posted: 22 Dec 2020 02:31 AM PST If solar systems are not aligned parallel to the galactic plane, then why are we seeing so many exoplanet discoveries in our galactic region? First, my assumptions: - Solar systems are generally randomly aligned in the galaxy, not parallel to the galactic plane. For example, our solar system is turned 63° with respect to the plane of our galaxy. - Most expolanets that have been discovered are the result of occultation of the system's star, creating a measurable, cyclic dimming. - We have over 4000 confirmed explanets with thousands more suspected (per NASA). Most are 'relatively close' to Earth. Would it not be relatively rare that a planet occults its host star from our perspective since there are countless, random orientations of solar systems in relation to Earth? I am having a difficult time reconciling that we are finding so many explanets by observing stars when *most* of the stars should not have planets passing between their host star and our telescopes. submitted by /u/sgtgary [link] [comments]

Can a mRNA based vaccine recombine with the sars-cov-2 virus ? Posted: 22 Dec 2020 02:20 AM PST I have read about the ability for two viruses to recombine their genetic material. Is it possible that a virus recombine its genetic material with a mRna vaccine ? submitted by /u/rifain [link] [comments]

Why is The Great Conjunction a big deal? Posted: 22 Dec 2020 12:30 AM PST Trying to understand the hype submitted by /u/pandyayashp [link] [comments]

How big of a concern is polyethylene glycol (PEG) in mRNA vaccines? Posted: 22 Dec 2020 05:10 AM PST SienceMag: Suspicions grow that nanoparticles in Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine trigger rare allergic reactions https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/12/suspicions-grow-nanoparticles-pfizer-s-covid-19-vaccine-trigger-rare-allergic-reactions There is really no good way determining if people have PEG antibodies? submitted by /u/HarriJokker [link] [comments]

Will the virus causing COVID-19 disappear/go extinct after everyone gets the vaccine? Posted: 22 Dec 2020 02:30 AM PST Also what happened to the virus that caused smallpox, did it go extinct? submitted by /u/thatSaumitra [link] [comments]

are fragrance particles smaller than the covid-19 virus? how come you can smell fragrance while wearing a mask. Posted: 21 Dec 2020 11:42 PM PST submitted by /u/mmm-new [link] [comments]

How would one calculate if striking a metal shell would deform it, penetrate it, or not deform it (in the context of striking armor with a weapon)? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 09:53 PM PST submitted by /u/Stubby-Shillelagh [link] [comments]

Since Mercury's temperature varies from 430°C to -180°C, and one day-night cycle takes 176 earth days, does the planet go through a few days of mild and livable temperature like the earth? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 07:28 AM PST submitted by /u/joaovitoraec [link] [comments]

How does a stomachache work physiologically? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 07:12 AM PST Maybe I'm just bad at googling, but what actually happens during a stomachache? Most of what I can find just talks about broad causes like ingesting bacteria, irritants, toxins, etc. but I'm more interested in what happens once that stuff is inside you. For example, what triggers the pain when the offending bacteria ends up inside us? Is indigestion/diarrhea caused by the bacteria/irritant directly, or is it the digestive system's reaction, and how do the organs work to "skip" digestion? Thanks in advance. submitted by /u/xomm [link] [comments]

If I Mix Two People's Blood Together In A Vial, Can A Blood Test Identify Them? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 10:24 AM PST For a detective story I'm writing, I need to know if it's realistic. Will a DNA test be able to reliably identify the two individuals if their blood is mixed at a crime scene? submitted by /u/JawKneePawLick [link] [comments]

Am I looking wrong to Saturn and Jupiter? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 10:00 PM PST I read some texts about the Great Conjunction, and in those texts they said that Saturn would be at the left of Jupiter, but when I was looking, Saturn was at the right and a little under Jupiter, I am pretty sure I wasn't looking to something else, because when the sun set they were the first thing to spot. I live in the Southern Hemisphere. Was I looking right? And if I was why they said it would be at the left? submitted by /u/Nooveey [link] [comments]

How will people be able to identify when any of the coronavirus vaccines begin to work? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 12:17 PM PST submitted by /u/gregghp [link] [comments]

Are inactive virus vaccine more robust against mutations compared to mRNA vaccine? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 10:03 AM PST Now that the British mutation is spreading I was wondering if there is a difference in how robust vaccine types are against mutation. Weak/dead virus, virus vector, mRNA, protein or others are all of interest. submitted by /u/johnnydues [link] [comments]

Why are the photons of Møller scattering virtual and what exactly prevents them from being measured? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 09:22 AM PST submitted by /u/MrPetals [link] [comments]

Where/How are comets generated? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 11:19 AM PST Comets disintegrate. There are comets currently. Where do they keep coming from? submitted by /u/stevenette [link] [comments]

Why the drag coefficient decreases with increasing Reynolds number? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 07:59 AM PST As you can see in this plot, the Cd decreases as Re increases. Why does this happen? Consider the flat plate, for instance. I believe the shear stresses reduce along the plate lenght, so the skin friction coefficient decreases, as well Cd. Is this correct? If yes, note that this is for a flat plate, where the dominant Cd is the friction Cd, so my logic is valid. But what about a bluff body, where the dominant Cd is the pressure Cd? Why does it decrease with increase of Re? I believe that for a larger D the separation wake will be bigger, so pressure Cd as well. ​ Thanks! submitted by /u/vitorpaguiar14 [link] [comments]

What are all the known COVID strains and examples of mutations? Is there a list or study? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 06:23 AM PST I'm trying to figure out how many separate COVID-19 strains there currently are, or at least how many we know of. Can anyone help? submitted by /u/ano1067 [link] [comments]

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Why is the absorbtion spectra from stars not cancelled out by re-emission?

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• Why is the absorbtion spectra from stars not cancelled out by re-emission?
• Do we know whether the newest Covid mutations in the UK and South Africa are indeed the same virus (i.e. a traveller from either brought it to the other) or if we are dealing with two independently mutated stains that just happen to coincidentally manifest around the same time?
• Is it possible that the "new" strain of Covid-19 emerge because of natural selection?
• Why do asteroid trajectories have such a large window of uncertainty?
• Difference between antibodies made after infection and antibodies made after vaccination?
• After infection, does constant exposure to virus maintain a higher antibody level?
• How do mRNA vaccines avoid being chopped up by the human body's cell enzymes?
• What do the other proteins (besides the spike protein) in Sars-Cov-2 do?
• Why does fatigue actually occur?
• Can we predict covid 19 mutations?
• If super novas can be brighter and more powerful than other supernovas, how exactly is it that they can act as "standard candles" for gauging distance and such?
• When traveling at relativistic speeds, an objects total kinetic energy increases, but the mass remains the same within its own frame reference. What about relative to an observer? Would the mass appear to increase, therefore have greater gravitational effects on them?
• Is it possible to do blood tests using FTIR spectrometer?
• 70% is the number thrown around for heard immunity. Does that take into account the larger percentage of people who in today's age are isolating and working from home?
• Can people develop immunity to a disease without ever becoming infected?
• Will the already developed COVID vaccines work against the new strain that supposedly popped up in the UK?
• At what scale does liquid shear become a relevant phenomenon?
• Has any of the COVID-19 vaccines potential to be used as treatment after early symptoms?
• What changes in the body when you build up stamina?

Why is the absorbtion spectra from stars not cancelled out by re-emission? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 04:51 AM PST I have done some googling on this topic but I haven't found a definite answer. I know that atoms in stars can absorb photons of certain wavelengths and that these atoms can re-emit these photons. So the answer I usually read on this particular question is that while the light from the sun has to travel in a certain direction to reach the earth, the photons of a particular wavelength can be absorbed and re-emitted in every possible direction so that the amount of photons from that particular wavelength that reaches the earth is less than the other wavelengths. So here's my question: While the above is true for light traveling through a small region of a star, there have to be other regions in the sun that would send their light to a different part of the universe than our earth but their absorbed and re-emitted light can also be scattered in all directions so some of that light could be re-emitted in our direction when it otherwise wouldn't (without absorption and emission). So wouldn't all these regions cancel each other out? We receive less light from a particular wavelength from a certain region from the sun, but we also receive some light of that wavelength from other regions of the sun that don't send their light of "normal wavelengths" to us? If this wasn't true, where would these photons go? They can't just dissapear right? What am I missing here? submitted by /u/Forestlight_ [link] [comments]

Do we know whether the newest Covid mutations in the UK and South Africa are indeed the same virus (i.e. a traveller from either brought it to the other) or if we are dealing with two independently mutated stains that just happen to coincidentally manifest around the same time? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 02:35 AM PST Local government has shut down travels to and from both the UK and South Africa over the new Covid mutation highlighted by the UK government. While I did know the UK mutation was a thing, I was quite surprised by the addition of South Africa. If it's the same virus, shouldn't we assume it's already spread from the UK to mainland Europe (I mean, what's the chance it spread from the UK all the way down to South Africa, but not to any countries in-between?) and shut down travel between countries until we know where it will show up? submitted by /u/User1291 [link] [comments]

Is it possible that the "new" strain of Covid-19 emerge because of natural selection? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 01:52 AM PST I read somewhere on reddit that the 'new' strain of Covid-19 can transmit to people even when using proper PPE. Yes I know that virus is mutating because DNA replicating is not perfect, but is it possible that we also helped the virus evolves faster to be more transmissible? Imagine millions or billions of people using mask, and the fact that mask can not 100% stop the virus transmission while they are allow to gather. Maybe because of that it allowed the virus with high transmission rate to survive better than virus that have low transmission rate. Just like if we don't complete our antibiotics course and allowed stronger bacteria to survive. or like the peppered moth evolution. Sorry for any spelling mistake, English is not my first language. submitted by /u/travao [link] [comments]

Why do asteroid trajectories have such a large window of uncertainty? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 04:54 AM PST It seems like whenever a near earth asteroid comes on a close track with Earth, there is a huge amount of uncertainty in the trajectory, despite weeks, months, of years, of being able to record its past trajectory. Why? If we know exactly how fast it is going, exactly where it is, and (pretty much) exactly on what path, why don't we know exactly where it is going to end up? submitted by /u/Sheylan [link] [comments]

Difference between antibodies made after infection and antibodies made after vaccination? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 05:59 PM PST When someone is infected by Covid-19 what part(s) of the virus does their immune system make antibodies against? I'm aware that the mRNA vaccine will be translated into the spike protein so that our immune system will make antibodies against that. I'm assuming that when getting infected by the virus our bodies make antibodies against numerous parts of the virus. But considering antibodies only protect people for a few months, it probably targets parts of the virus that mutate very often and the amount of spike protein antibodies made are too few to offer lasting protection? submitted by /u/leesfle [link] [comments]

After infection, does constant exposure to virus maintain a higher antibody level? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 03:34 PM PST Im currently waiting to get my covid result and half of the staff at the facility I'm at are not wearing mask. I ask a staff member that was wearing a mask and her response was they've already had covid and want to keep their antibodies up. submitted by /u/D3adm00s3 [link] [comments]

How do mRNA vaccines avoid being chopped up by the human body's cell enzymes? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 12:10 PM PST I read this passage in a NYT article: The mRNA molecules our cells make can only survive a matter of minutes. The mRNA in vaccines is engineered to withstand the cell's enzymes a bit longer, so that the cells can make extra virus proteins and prompt a stronger immune response. But the mRNA can only last for a few days at most before they are destroyed. How does this work? What is it about particular strands of mRNA that makes them accessible for protein production but also prevents them from being destroyed for a while? submitted by /u/jxf [link] [comments]

What do the other proteins (besides the spike protein) in Sars-Cov-2 do? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 06:16 PM PST submitted by /u/fllr [link] [comments]

Why does fatigue actually occur? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 02:04 PM PST When a material fatigues it can be operating at a low load but because of the constant loading and unloading on the material it eventually develops a tiny microfracture that grows and eventually results in a catastrophic failure. I can't find a straight answer for why this happens, why does the fracture occur, why do the molecular structures deform inside the material as work is done on them and why does the material go from being perfectly strong to suddenly critically failing. Every answer I can find explains what happens but not why those things happen, what is happening at the molecular level to cause these failures submitted by /u/E72M [link] [comments]

Can we predict covid 19 mutations? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 01:20 AM PST If we know the virus' genetic sequence, can we predict the probability of each possible mutation and its consequences? Can we find the likelihood for a change in the virus structure, that leads to it becoming no longer vulnerable to preexisting antibodies? Can we calculate the probability for a sequence change that might lead to the vaccine being obsolete to the mutated strain? submitted by /u/myroommatesaregreat [link] [comments]

If super novas can be brighter and more powerful than other supernovas, how exactly is it that they can act as "standard candles" for gauging distance and such? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 11:15 AM PST https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhjHs2L4kqw Came across this video describing a supernova that was recorded as being 10 times bigger and 500 times brighter than any previously known supernova. I always heard that we use supernovas to gauge distances as they can act as "standard candles" when charting the universe and our galaxy. But if supernovas can vary in brightness and size so much, how can they be used as a "standard" of anything? submitted by /u/goawaygrold [link] [comments]

When traveling at relativistic speeds, an objects total kinetic energy increases, but the mass remains the same within its own frame reference. What about relative to an observer? Would the mass appear to increase, therefore have greater gravitational effects on them? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 10:01 AM PST I'm having some trouble wrapping my head around this. I'm not even sure if my initial statement that the mass of a relativistic object doesn't change within its own frame reference. I understand that rest mass of an object is invariant and doesn't change between observers. But this still begs the question regarding objects at relativistic speeds since M would still equal the kinetic energy / c2 (at least I think). This means the relativistic mass of an object would increase (to an observer), therefore its gravitational effects should correlate to its relativistic mass to an observer. Ultimately I'm wondering if an object with mass zips by an observer at relativistic speeds, would that observer feel the effects of gravity for the object's mass plus the kinetic energy/c2 ? submitted by /u/misterchief117 [link] [comments]

Is it possible to do blood tests using FTIR spectrometer? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 02:24 PM PST Hey guys, Im kind of lost and confused so i recently acquired a FTIR spectroscope and UV vis spectrometer as well. Basically im testing the water in my area daily. I was wondering what tests i could run on blood samples with these devices? submitted by /u/HoneyDewMelons93 [link] [comments]

70% is the number thrown around for heard immunity. Does that take into account the larger percentage of people who in today's age are isolating and working from home? Posted: 21 Dec 2020 04:50 AM PST It seems to me that the herd immunity percentage should account for the social population (those interacting with society) and not the overall population. submitted by /u/hudsonhawk1 [link] [comments]

Can people develop immunity to a disease without ever becoming infected? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 11:52 AM PST What if someone is repeatedly exposed to some contagion, but every time just ingests only very few bacteria/viruses that the immune system can handle without any issue. Wouldn't they develop some immunity eventually? submitted by /u/laxari6259 [link] [comments]

Will the already developed COVID vaccines work against the new strain that supposedly popped up in the UK? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 02:51 PM PST Or is it too early to tell? submitted by /u/xxcapo [link] [comments]

At what scale does liquid shear become a relevant phenomenon? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 12:50 PM PST I'm wondering if this can happen on the quantum level. Like for example if you had a magnetic non-neutonian fluid with graphene in it. Could the kinetic energy from radiation trigger the effect in the material? Forgive me if this is a silly question. My daughter is obsessed with slime videos so I started wondering about graphene in such a fluid to keep myself sane. submitted by /u/Memetic1 [link] [comments]

Has any of the COVID-19 vaccines potential to be used as treatment after early symptoms? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 10:44 AM PST I know that the rabies vaccine is also used to prevent the disease after exposure to the pathogen. What about some COVID-19 vaccine that could effectively and accurately teach body defences very fast, like before the virus could fully take over the lungs? submitted by /u/briantlo [link] [comments]

What changes in the body when you build up stamina? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 05:56 AM PST In other words, if two people with identical body weight fat and muscle, but one has better stamina, what lets one person run further? submitted by /u/hamzer55 [link] [comments]

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What makes a virus more transmissible?

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• What makes a virus more transmissible?
• How much salt can be in water before its unsafe to drink regularly (like sea water)?
• How common is covid-19 reinfection? Are there any published statistics?
• When should a person who has had covid and recovered get a vaccine?
• How much radiation did the Demon Core put out when not shielded with Beryllium?
• Is there a consensus on the role of Vitamin D and COVID-19 prevention or limitation of serious effects?
• Are the antibodies created by the immune system different for each strain of a virus?
• How is a mRNA vaccine, such as for COVID-19, mass produced?
• Does the more virulent covid strain mean that prior herd immunity estimates are not accurate?
• Do people who have already had covid19 have immunity against the new strain of covid19 that was found in London?
• Why can't we just use hydrogen combustion engines?
• Convalescent plasma was used to treat severe cases. This plasma was donated from survivors of the covid19 infection, but can vaccine recipients also donate? They would have the appropriate antibodies after the second dose right?
• Where does the mRNA in mRNA vaccines come from and how does it differ from the virus?
• Do the mRNA vaccines cover all strains even if mutations arise in the spike protein?
• How are chemical signatures observed by a telescope?
• Will the COVID vaccines be effective against the new strain discovered in The UK?
• Do bark-and-shrub eating animals (like deer or elephants) bioaccumulate wax/resins/bark from all the plant tissue that they ingest that polymerizes and is hard to break down over a lifetime?
• What makes an infectious disease infectious?
• Are we humans immune to past pandemics?
• Did insect "hair" evolve independently from mammal hair?

What makes a virus more transmissible? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 06:52 PM PST The 'new' strain in the UK is being said to be 70% more transmissible. My understanding is that Covid spreads primarily through exhaled droplets. Could the new strain cause a higher viral load or make it hang in the air longer? submitted by /u/MeanMelon [link] [comments]

How much salt can be in water before its unsafe to drink regularly (like sea water)? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:24 AM PST Also, is it just the sheer amount of sodium chloride that makes sea water dangerous or is there other things in it in large amounts that contribute to it being harmful? submitted by /u/Zazucki [link] [comments]

How common is covid-19 reinfection? Are there any published statistics? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 05:27 AM PST The covid epidemic is in full swing in Europe and the USA, and we've had extensive testing for more than a few months. I know there are individual reports of reinfections, but are there any published statistics on the number of reinfections? submitted by /u/un_om_de_cal [link] [comments]

When should a person who has had covid and recovered get a vaccine? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 04:41 AM PST Since I had it 3 months ago and I have tested negative since then my gut instinct tells me I should be one of the last to get the vaccine. I am not in an "at risk" group. I'm 43, healthy (excluding epilepsy) and judging from actual calculated odds from medical journals articles I have a 3 times greater chance of being eaten by a shark than to be reinfected. Should I even worry about getting the vaccine? Can I rely on my already built immunities? I know it wouldn't harm me to get the vaccine, but that shot could go to someone else who is at risk or has a compromised immune system submitted by /u/blahfunk [link] [comments]

How much radiation did the Demon Core put out when not shielded with Beryllium? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 12:04 PM PST Louis Sloten received around 1,000 rads of radiation when the screwdriver slipped on the top beryllium sphere causing the core to go prompt critical. I am having a hard time finding information about how much radiation the core was putting out by itself when neutrons were not being reflected back into the core. Scientists were apparently handling the core often so my guess is that it wasn't that lethal by itself but I can't find any documentation on how much radiation the core put out normally. submitted by /u/usps_made_me_insane [link] [comments]

Is there a consensus on the role of Vitamin D and COVID-19 prevention or limitation of serious effects? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 03:59 PM PST I am seeing an increasingly large number of social media posts and press articles claiming Vitamin D can protect people from COVID-19's most serious effects. Some of these posts imply there is a conspiracy to inhibit the dissemination of this information because "big pharma" can't make money on Vitamin D supplements. So... is there currently a consensus? submitted by /u/i_really_doubt_that [link] [comments]

Are the antibodies created by the immune system different for each strain of a virus? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 02:44 AM PST As I understand the the immune system identifies an antigen through the proteins from the DNA/RNA of a virus. I also understand that there are multiple strains of the same virus. Moreover there are reports that some people who have recovered from Covid-19 were once again infected by it Broader questions that I have for the community: 1. Does the immune system create a single antigen that can fight again all the strains of the same virus? 2. Are the antigens created by different people different from one another? 3. Taking both 1 and 2, would we be better able to understand how effective convalescent plasma therapy has been? 4. Are there any chances that an immune system can assume that a foreign antigen is an anti body and attack it as well? With my limited knowledge I am assuming that some antibodies can fight multiple strains of a virus but not all the strains. And inferring from that I am assuming that convalescent plasma Therapy may be more effective only when the right antigens are fighting the right antibodies. But I would prefer the community helps me understand these questions better. submitted by /u/nitish_aj [link] [comments]

How is a mRNA vaccine, such as for COVID-19, mass produced? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 02:35 AM PST What are the steps for mass producing a mRNA vaccine? I am not sure if there are other vaccines that are based on mRNA other than COVID-19. submitted by /u/theflash1234 [link] [comments]

Does the more virulent covid strain mean that prior herd immunity estimates are not accurate? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:53 PM PST Number for herd immunity is 1 minus the inverse of Ro. I've read that the new strain is about 70 percent more infectious. I assume this means the Ro is about 4.25. Does this mean that if this strain becomes prevalent, we will need about 77 percent of people immunized before herd immunity instead of 60 percent? submitted by /u/_THIS_IS_THE_WAY_ [link] [comments]

Do people who have already had covid19 have immunity against the new strain of covid19 that was found in London? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 03:49 AM PST My grandparents (80 & 83) have already had covid19 back in april/May. Because we presume they have some immunity, we visit them, but still stay at a distance, don't hug, desinfect our hands, only 2 visitors per day and all the precautions. There has been found a more transmissible strain of the virus, but I can't find anywhere if it is different enough for people to get sick of it again. Are there any results/information about that yet? I'm afraid that because it is more transmissible, I or my family can infect my grandparents. submitted by /u/justslightlyodd [link] [comments]

Why can't we just use hydrogen combustion engines? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 05:55 PM PST Like, the engine itself would probably have to be drastically reengineered, but hydrogen is an especially powerful fuel, hence why its used in rocket fuel. And it only produces water vapor, so it would play a hig part in reducing emissions. submitted by /u/greencash370 [link] [comments]

Convalescent plasma was used to treat severe cases. This plasma was donated from survivors of the covid19 infection, but can vaccine recipients also donate? They would have the appropriate antibodies after the second dose right? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 09:06 PM PST submitted by /u/AndrewHutcheson [link] [comments]

Where does the mRNA in mRNA vaccines come from and how does it differ from the virus? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:26 PM PST Where does the mRNA used to create the specific proteins one wants to create come from and in what sense can it be equated to a portion of the virus responsible for the production of the specified proteins? I other words, how wrong is it to say: The mRNA from an mRNA vaccine is contained in the RNA virus? submitted by /u/Boccard [link] [comments]

Do the mRNA vaccines cover all strains even if mutations arise in the spike protein? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:06 PM PST submitted by /u/usedmcnuggets [link] [comments]

How are chemical signatures observed by a telescope? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 06:45 PM PST submitted by /u/aldeshsa [link] [comments]

Will the COVID vaccines be effective against the new strain discovered in The UK? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 08:53 AM PST submitted by /u/Estepheban [link] [comments]

Do bark-and-shrub eating animals (like deer or elephants) bioaccumulate wax/resins/bark from all the plant tissue that they ingest that polymerizes and is hard to break down over a lifetime? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 04:16 PM PST [kind of similar to how microplastics accumulate in human tissue - the long-chain tannins and waxes might have some structural similarities to microplastics] submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

What makes an infectious disease infectious? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 01:10 AM PST Does the pathogen reproduce a lot more within the body making it spread easier between contact or is it the symptoms they cause like coughing and sneezing that make it infectious submitted by /u/817mkd [link] [comments]

Are we humans immune to past pandemics? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 07:41 AM PST If someone someday decided to travel back in time would they be immune to the viruses/diseases of that time. submitted by /u/matharoo-saab [link] [comments]

Did insect "hair" evolve independently from mammal hair? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:02 AM PST Or can we tell? Do they look like they evolved from some common innovation before our branch split from insects or are they as different as e.g. human eyes vs insect eyes? submitted by /u/captainmidday [link] [comments]

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