What makes a virus more transmissible?

---

• What makes a virus more transmissible?
• How much salt can be in water before its unsafe to drink regularly (like sea water)?
• How common is covid-19 reinfection? Are there any published statistics?
• When should a person who has had covid and recovered get a vaccine?
• How much radiation did the Demon Core put out when not shielded with Beryllium?
• Is there a consensus on the role of Vitamin D and COVID-19 prevention or limitation of serious effects?
• Are the antibodies created by the immune system different for each strain of a virus?
• How is a mRNA vaccine, such as for COVID-19, mass produced?
• Does the more virulent covid strain mean that prior herd immunity estimates are not accurate?
• Do people who have already had covid19 have immunity against the new strain of covid19 that was found in London?
• Why can't we just use hydrogen combustion engines?
• Convalescent plasma was used to treat severe cases. This plasma was donated from survivors of the covid19 infection, but can vaccine recipients also donate? They would have the appropriate antibodies after the second dose right?
• Where does the mRNA in mRNA vaccines come from and how does it differ from the virus?
• Do the mRNA vaccines cover all strains even if mutations arise in the spike protein?
• How are chemical signatures observed by a telescope?
• Will the COVID vaccines be effective against the new strain discovered in The UK?
• Do bark-and-shrub eating animals (like deer or elephants) bioaccumulate wax/resins/bark from all the plant tissue that they ingest that polymerizes and is hard to break down over a lifetime?
• What makes an infectious disease infectious?
• Are we humans immune to past pandemics?
• Did insect "hair" evolve independently from mammal hair?

What makes a virus more transmissible? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 06:52 PM PST The 'new' strain in the UK is being said to be 70% more transmissible. My understanding is that Covid spreads primarily through exhaled droplets. Could the new strain cause a higher viral load or make it hang in the air longer? submitted by /u/MeanMelon [link] [comments]

How much salt can be in water before its unsafe to drink regularly (like sea water)? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:24 AM PST Also, is it just the sheer amount of sodium chloride that makes sea water dangerous or is there other things in it in large amounts that contribute to it being harmful? submitted by /u/Zazucki [link] [comments]

How common is covid-19 reinfection? Are there any published statistics? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 05:27 AM PST The covid epidemic is in full swing in Europe and the USA, and we've had extensive testing for more than a few months. I know there are individual reports of reinfections, but are there any published statistics on the number of reinfections? submitted by /u/un_om_de_cal [link] [comments]

When should a person who has had covid and recovered get a vaccine? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 04:41 AM PST Since I had it 3 months ago and I have tested negative since then my gut instinct tells me I should be one of the last to get the vaccine. I am not in an "at risk" group. I'm 43, healthy (excluding epilepsy) and judging from actual calculated odds from medical journals articles I have a 3 times greater chance of being eaten by a shark than to be reinfected. Should I even worry about getting the vaccine? Can I rely on my already built immunities? I know it wouldn't harm me to get the vaccine, but that shot could go to someone else who is at risk or has a compromised immune system submitted by /u/blahfunk [link] [comments]

How much radiation did the Demon Core put out when not shielded with Beryllium? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 12:04 PM PST Louis Sloten received around 1,000 rads of radiation when the screwdriver slipped on the top beryllium sphere causing the core to go prompt critical. I am having a hard time finding information about how much radiation the core was putting out by itself when neutrons were not being reflected back into the core. Scientists were apparently handling the core often so my guess is that it wasn't that lethal by itself but I can't find any documentation on how much radiation the core put out normally. submitted by /u/usps_made_me_insane [link] [comments]

Is there a consensus on the role of Vitamin D and COVID-19 prevention or limitation of serious effects? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 03:59 PM PST I am seeing an increasingly large number of social media posts and press articles claiming Vitamin D can protect people from COVID-19's most serious effects. Some of these posts imply there is a conspiracy to inhibit the dissemination of this information because "big pharma" can't make money on Vitamin D supplements. So... is there currently a consensus? submitted by /u/i_really_doubt_that [link] [comments]

Are the antibodies created by the immune system different for each strain of a virus? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 02:44 AM PST As I understand the the immune system identifies an antigen through the proteins from the DNA/RNA of a virus. I also understand that there are multiple strains of the same virus. Moreover there are reports that some people who have recovered from Covid-19 were once again infected by it Broader questions that I have for the community: 1. Does the immune system create a single antigen that can fight again all the strains of the same virus? 2. Are the antigens created by different people different from one another? 3. Taking both 1 and 2, would we be better able to understand how effective convalescent plasma therapy has been? 4. Are there any chances that an immune system can assume that a foreign antigen is an anti body and attack it as well? With my limited knowledge I am assuming that some antibodies can fight multiple strains of a virus but not all the strains. And inferring from that I am assuming that convalescent plasma Therapy may be more effective only when the right antigens are fighting the right antibodies. But I would prefer the community helps me understand these questions better. submitted by /u/nitish_aj [link] [comments]

How is a mRNA vaccine, such as for COVID-19, mass produced? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 02:35 AM PST What are the steps for mass producing a mRNA vaccine? I am not sure if there are other vaccines that are based on mRNA other than COVID-19. submitted by /u/theflash1234 [link] [comments]

Does the more virulent covid strain mean that prior herd immunity estimates are not accurate? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:53 PM PST Number for herd immunity is 1 minus the inverse of Ro. I've read that the new strain is about 70 percent more infectious. I assume this means the Ro is about 4.25. Does this mean that if this strain becomes prevalent, we will need about 77 percent of people immunized before herd immunity instead of 60 percent? submitted by /u/_THIS_IS_THE_WAY_ [link] [comments]

Do people who have already had covid19 have immunity against the new strain of covid19 that was found in London? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 03:49 AM PST My grandparents (80 & 83) have already had covid19 back in april/May. Because we presume they have some immunity, we visit them, but still stay at a distance, don't hug, desinfect our hands, only 2 visitors per day and all the precautions. There has been found a more transmissible strain of the virus, but I can't find anywhere if it is different enough for people to get sick of it again. Are there any results/information about that yet? I'm afraid that because it is more transmissible, I or my family can infect my grandparents. submitted by /u/justslightlyodd [link] [comments]

Why can't we just use hydrogen combustion engines? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 05:55 PM PST Like, the engine itself would probably have to be drastically reengineered, but hydrogen is an especially powerful fuel, hence why its used in rocket fuel. And it only produces water vapor, so it would play a hig part in reducing emissions. submitted by /u/greencash370 [link] [comments]

Convalescent plasma was used to treat severe cases. This plasma was donated from survivors of the covid19 infection, but can vaccine recipients also donate? They would have the appropriate antibodies after the second dose right? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 09:06 PM PST submitted by /u/AndrewHutcheson [link] [comments]

Where does the mRNA in mRNA vaccines come from and how does it differ from the virus? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:26 PM PST Where does the mRNA used to create the specific proteins one wants to create come from and in what sense can it be equated to a portion of the virus responsible for the production of the specified proteins? I other words, how wrong is it to say: The mRNA from an mRNA vaccine is contained in the RNA virus? submitted by /u/Boccard [link] [comments]

Do the mRNA vaccines cover all strains even if mutations arise in the spike protein? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:06 PM PST submitted by /u/usedmcnuggets [link] [comments]

How are chemical signatures observed by a telescope? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 06:45 PM PST submitted by /u/aldeshsa [link] [comments]

Will the COVID vaccines be effective against the new strain discovered in The UK? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 08:53 AM PST submitted by /u/Estepheban [link] [comments]

Do bark-and-shrub eating animals (like deer or elephants) bioaccumulate wax/resins/bark from all the plant tissue that they ingest that polymerizes and is hard to break down over a lifetime? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 04:16 PM PST [kind of similar to how microplastics accumulate in human tissue - the long-chain tannins and waxes might have some structural similarities to microplastics] submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

What makes an infectious disease infectious? Posted: 20 Dec 2020 01:10 AM PST Does the pathogen reproduce a lot more within the body making it spread easier between contact or is it the symptoms they cause like coughing and sneezing that make it infectious submitted by /u/817mkd [link] [comments]

Are we humans immune to past pandemics? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 07:41 AM PST If someone someday decided to travel back in time would they be immune to the viruses/diseases of that time. submitted by /u/matharoo-saab [link] [comments]

Did insect "hair" evolve independently from mammal hair? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 10:02 AM PST Or can we tell? Do they look like they evolved from some common innovation before our branch split from insects or are they as different as e.g. human eyes vs insect eyes? submitted by /u/captainmidday [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

At the end of the Covid-19 Vaccine trials, were the patients told what they got and the placebo group given first shot at getting the real Vaccine?

---

• At the end of the Covid-19 Vaccine trials, were the patients told what they got and the placebo group given first shot at getting the real Vaccine?
• Why is the mRNA vaccine more expensive than the "classic" vaccines?
• Do planes have super-chargers and/or turbo-chargers like cars can? If not, why?
• How exactly is mRNA internalized? Do dendritic cells take it in and express spike proteins? Do "normal" body cells manyfacture spike protein and express it or do they eject it into the extracellular space?
• How do the Indian-made COVID vaccines differ from their Western counterparts?
• Why do some Vaccine's require multiple doses or Boosters while some are one and done?
• Does climate change cause an increase in the number of record low pressure (and high pressure) records that are being set?
• Are other physical properties subject to the uncertainty principle, like position and momentum are?
• Would it be possible to create new elements by combining different quarks?
• Why does the angle of the Earth's tilt matter?
• What is the smoke in a smokemachine made from? And how is it produced in the machine?
• How do the mRNA vaccines effectively enter cells for eventual translation?
• How are yachts able to sail faster than the wind?
• Why don't we store the heat energy in the air as electricity? In this way, we could both cool the room air and obtain electricity. We would not increase global warming to generate energy, but rather cool the world.

At the end of the Covid-19 Vaccine trials, were the patients told what they got and the placebo group given first shot at getting the real Vaccine? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 12:53 AM PST There's so much question left as to whether the vaccine will give a long lasting immunity to Covid-19 symptoms, I started wondering how the Phase 3 trials end. Does everybody find out what they got? Do they keep reporting in for a couple years? Do the placebo groups get a front of the line pass to the real vaccine? Are there still people who got the placebo walking around thinking they might be immune? Seems to me that early data is best data, so the original vaccine group need to be monitored. If month 5 comes and suddenly a bunch of them get sick, it means the immunity didn't last long after all :( submitted by /u/seanbrockest [link] [comments]

Why is the mRNA vaccine more expensive than the "classic" vaccines? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 09:56 AM PST My understanding of the process was, that not only the mRNA vaccines are faster to develop, but also easier to scale up in the production. But the prices are between ~20 and ~40 for the mRNA and the AstraZeneca around 4. Why is that so? Is it only because the production process is new and the factories have to create new production lines for it? submitted by /u/cptmauli [link] [comments]

Do planes have super-chargers and/or turbo-chargers like cars can? If not, why? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 06:23 AM PST I know nothing about planes beyond the simple rotary engine and IM curious about this. It seems like they are operating at such a speed and scale that these additions could be perfect additions as long as it was designed to not add more drag and weight than it's added worth. Even then, what if they flew at a slightly downward slope from a higher altitude? or compensate with a design generating more lift? How would they roughly impact speed and fuel efficiency? submitted by /u/SilasTheVirous [link] [comments]

How exactly is mRNA internalized? Do dendritic cells take it in and express spike proteins? Do "normal" body cells manyfacture spike protein and express it or do they eject it into the extracellular space? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 12:33 AM PST Couldn't find this bit of information anywhere, so it'd be fantastic if you could provide a link too. Thank you! submitted by /u/Mikolmisol [link] [comments]

How do the Indian-made COVID vaccines differ from their Western counterparts? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 09:21 AM PST Serum Institute of India has a version of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine which they've called COVISHIELD. Serum Institute of India also has a version of the Novavax vaccine which they've called COVAVAX. Both are independently being tested in clinical trials in India. Do these vaccines differ from their source company counterparts? If so, how? If not, why are they being re-tested in distinct clinical trials? submitted by /u/qwertzyu [link] [comments]

Why do some Vaccine's require multiple doses or Boosters while some are one and done? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 03:48 PM PST This question isn't so much about the Flu Shot which is yearly because of all the different strains of the flu. But it is about vaccines like COVID for example, that is 1 shot and then a few weeks later, a second shot. Are they different substances or just 2 doses of the same? Why do some Vaccines require a 2nd dose in the future while others you get once and are done for 5-10 years. submitted by /u/gab0607 [link] [comments]

Does climate change cause an increase in the number of record low pressure (and high pressure) records that are being set? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 08:28 PM PST submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

Are other physical properties subject to the uncertainty principle, like position and momentum are? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 03:26 PM PST submitted by /u/ZoofusCos [link] [comments]

Would it be possible to create new elements by combining different quarks? Posted: 19 Dec 2020 12:02 AM PST submitted by /u/zoroastras [link] [comments]

Why does the angle of the Earth's tilt matter? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 11:03 PM PST The Earth is an sphere. The amount of light on a sphere is not dictated by the angle it is tilted at, because its the same all around. So why does the tilt matter at all? Edit: I am getting notifications that people are commenting but for some reason I cannot see the comments or reply, so I'll do it here. The fact that the Earth is not in fact a sphere and is really an oval shaped thing definitely gives the tilt meaning and answers my question. It also makes me wish the Earth was not so often referred to as a sphere, a circle, a globe, because now I feel like a dumbass submitted by /u/tacocravr [link] [comments]

What is the smoke in a smokemachine made from? And how is it produced in the machine? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 09:55 AM PST submitted by /u/nigel12341 [link] [comments]

How do the mRNA vaccines effectively enter cells for eventual translation? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 05:32 PM PST I was just curious at how the genetic material enters the cells. Is there a known signaling event for endocytosis to occur? submitted by /u/KvToXic [link] [comments]

How are yachts able to sail faster than the wind? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 12:17 AM PST So I am watching America's Cup racing in New Zealand and the yachts achieve a speed of 49 knots in a 12 knot wind. How is the extra speed generated? submitted by /u/UmthuMhlope [link] [comments]

Why don't we store the heat energy in the air as electricity? In this way, we could both cool the room air and obtain electricity. We would not increase global warming to generate energy, but rather cool the world. Posted: 18 Dec 2020 11:50 AM PST submitted by /u/fightersmurf [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

Question about whale blow hole muscles: are the muscles designed to keep the blowhole open or closed? Does it take more muscle to open?

---

• Question about whale blow hole muscles: are the muscles designed to keep the blowhole open or closed? Does it take more muscle to open?
• Why are their salts, sucrose and cholesterol in the covid vaccine?
• How are Protons and Neutrons spherical when they're made up of three Quarks?
• What actually is a torque?
• The forthcoming 'great conjunction' - does it tell us anything we don't already know?
• Digging a hole through earth and jump through it, you will be back in 90 minutes. 90 minutes is also the time for a low-earth orbit. Coincidence or does this happen for every object?
• Is there any substantial evidence to support the notion that house cats take on the personalities of their owners?
• Is there a liquid that's safe to drink, that contains no amount of H20?
• What aspects of a pathogen does our body use to generate an immune response? Is it usually one protein or does our body usually look at multiple components?
• How cold can a lithium ion battery get before it causes permanent damage or permanent loss of performance?
• What was the process used to capture the supermassive black hole at the center of Messier 87?
• Now that there are more than one covid vaccines out, how fast can another drug company create a generic one?
• In a 4-stroke engine, after the combustion stroke completes, is the combustion chamber pressure higher than atmospheric pressure? (And isn't that extra pressure a source of wasted energy/inefficiency?)
• Are bullies more successful in life than bullied people?
• Can Dogs sense the direction of an animal trail?
• Epidemiology of the latest COVID surge... How did this happen?
• How does type II diabetes lead to atherosclerosis?
• Is the Adrenal gland also transplanted in a Kidney transplant?
• Chernobyl Disaster - Fission without Moderator?
• If vaccines don't fully take effect within 2-3 days of administration, why don't we continue to have physical effects such as fever until the immune system has reached it's goal?
• Giving covid vaccine to someone that covid positive?

Question about whale blow hole muscles: are the muscles designed to keep the blowhole open or closed? Does it take more muscle to open? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 06:07 PM PST submitted by /u/Kickstand8604 [link] [comments]

Why are their salts, sucrose and cholesterol in the covid vaccine? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 02:38 PM PST Just saw the list of ingredients in a subreddit and it made me wonder. Does anyone have the answer? Edit: typo in the post. I meant "why are there salts.." thanks for all the answers! submitted by /u/fifihihi [link] [comments]

How are Protons and Neutrons spherical when they're made up of three Quarks? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 07:17 AM PST submitted by /u/SunnySmyles [link] [comments]

What actually is a torque? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 03:32 PM PST So I ask this question at the risk of sounding stupid, but I haven't been able to find something that answers my question. Either that or I just don't get it. I' ve taken physics (and did well) and understand how to calculate torque. I understand that it is an applied force that changes rotation about an axis. My question is what actually is the resultant vector? We know it is perpendicular and can find the direction, but what significance does that have? How does it help us understand motion? I just don't get it. Does it help predict motion? Am I overthinking it or is it talked about more in more advanced courses? submitted by /u/wiggadillidoo [link] [comments]

The forthcoming 'great conjunction' - does it tell us anything we don't already know? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 05:01 AM PST Along with many others I'm looking forward to seeing the conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn in the next few nights. The last one was 400 years ago but couldn't really be observed as it was too close to the sun. Will this one, or similar conjunctions, be useful for any sort of scientific work or will it just be a curiosity with some public interest benefit? submitted by /u/allthedreamswehad [link] [comments]

Digging a hole through earth and jump through it, you will be back in 90 minutes. 90 minutes is also the time for a low-earth orbit. Coincidence or does this happen for every object? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 12:56 AM PST So Neil DeGrasse Tyson claims that, when you drill a hole through earth and you throw something in it, it will pass its core get out of the other side and when no one grabs it, it will fall back to the "thrower" in 90 minutes. I have a few questions about this: - How does it have all the energy to get back to its initial position? Shouldn't it be slowing down once it's pass the core and never get out completely of the other end of that tunnel? Same with the pendulum experiment it will not come back to you if you just let it drop. On top of all that, wouldn't air resistance also slow it down? I think NDT means without air resistance. - How come both things (orbit and through hole) take 90 minutes? Is this a coincidence or does this also occur for the moon? the sun? (I know not 90 minutes but the thing through hole and an orbit)? Heres NDTs video: https://www.tiktok.com/@neildegrassetyson/video/6891365019183746310?lang=en thanks guys. submitted by /u/vemelon [link] [comments]

Is there any substantial evidence to support the notion that house cats take on the personalities of their owners? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 06:00 PM PST submitted by /u/lotofimbecileshere [link] [comments]

Is there a liquid that's safe to drink, that contains no amount of H20? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 11:07 AM PST submitted by /u/Recent_Swordfish_116 [link] [comments]

What aspects of a pathogen does our body use to generate an immune response? Is it usually one protein or does our body usually look at multiple components? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 03:24 PM PST I am trying to understand the mechanism and implications of the mRNA Covid vaccine and wondering about this basic concept of its mechanism. I'm curious, is one protein normally what our body would use to generate an immune response, or do traditional vaccines or organic pathogens usually have multiple other characteristics our body identifies in the immune process? submitted by /u/CovQuestion2 [link] [comments]

How cold can a lithium ion battery get before it causes permanent damage or permanent loss of performance? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 09:12 AM PST I live in Canada and am concerned about leaving lithium-ion powered tools in the shed and garage over winter. Found a lot of info on the internet about poorer performance at freezing temperatures, but nothing about long term effects after exposure to freezing temperatures. submitted by /u/ButternutSasquatch [link] [comments]

What was the process used to capture the supermassive black hole at the center of Messier 87? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 05:45 PM PST submitted by /u/WowIdontfeelgood [link] [comments]

Now that there are more than one covid vaccines out, how fast can another drug company create a generic one? Posted: 18 Dec 2020 02:08 AM PST submitted by /u/d3adbor3d2 [link] [comments]

In a 4-stroke engine, after the combustion stroke completes, is the combustion chamber pressure higher than atmospheric pressure? (And isn't that extra pressure a source of wasted energy/inefficiency?) Posted: 17 Dec 2020 02:16 PM PST Walking through the process that a four stoke engine follows: 1.) Intake stroke - the piston moves from the top to the bottom, while the intake valve is open. This draws the fuel/air mixture into the chamber. 2.) Compression stroke - the intake valve closes, and the piston moves back to the top of the chamber, thereby compressing the fuel/air mixture. 3.) Combustion stroke - a spark ignites the compressed fuel/air mixture which combusts, forcing the piston back down to the bottom. At this exact moment, once the piston reaches the bottom at the end of the combustion stroke, but before the exhaust valve has opened: The pressure in the combustion chamber must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. The volume of the cylinder is the exact same as the instant between the intake and compression strokes, but now, the temperature is much, much higher. So by The Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT), the pressure must be higher, correct? If that's true, then in the next instant, when the exhaust valve opens at the start of the exhaust stroke, that extra pressure in the chamber is vented to atmosphere. This seems wasteful and inefficient to me. That's pressure that could otherwise have been used to push the piston, right? Now, I understand that the piston already reached the bottom of its range, so it can't be pushed any further. But to eliminate this 'wasted' pressure, couldn't we have initially (on the intake stroke,) filled the chamber with slightly less of the air/fuel mixture? This could be accomplished by leaving the intake valve open for the first part of the compression stroke. So some of that air/fuel mixture is forced backwards. Then, as the compression stroke continues, the intake valve closes and compression begins. But this time, the compression ratio is slightly less since the starting volume (the volume when the chamber was sealed) is less than the full volume of the chamber with the piston at bottom dead center. Continuing on in the cycle, the piston reaches the top, where combustion occurs which forces the piston back down. As the piston moves down, the volume in the chamber is increasing, and thus the pressure is decreasing. This time however, we have only filled the chamber with enough combustible material to force the piston to the bottom of it's cycle, just as the chamber pressure reaches atmospheric pressure. Then the exhaust valve opens, and the piston rises to expel the exhaust. Wouldn't what I have described here, be theoretically more fuel efficient compared to the conventional method of compressing the full volume of the chamber during the compression stroke? submitted by /u/AgitateMilk [link] [comments]

Are bullies more successful in life than bullied people? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 05:19 AM PST Is there a study on that? submitted by /u/nine_thousands [link] [comments]

Can Dogs sense the direction of an animal trail? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 01:23 PM PST When I'm walking my dog in the woods, she'll find an animal trail and follow it. As she doesn't find trails everywhere, presumably it is "fresh" - an hour? minutes? How long are animal trails followable? I have trouble believing there is enough of an odour gradient to provide direction... is there? What is being left behind by the animal (deer?) that makes it followable - something transferred from hooves? submitted by /u/PieceOfKnottedString [link] [comments]

Epidemiology of the latest COVID surge... How did this happen? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 08:16 AM PST I have yet to find a good answer to the question of how the latest COVID surge has happened. Mask wearing, social distancing, restricted travel, and increased hand washing have been the norm the world over. How are case rates and death rates soaring almost everywhere in the world simultaneously when all these precautions have been in place for almost the entire year and become part of daily life. Please help me understand. Thank you! submitted by /u/Marduk28 [link] [comments]

How does type II diabetes lead to atherosclerosis? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 12:51 PM PST How does hyperglycaemia lead to atherosclerosis? Also, does hyperglycaemia lead to hypertension? Thanks! submitted by /u/sciencereddit3 [link] [comments]

Is the Adrenal gland also transplanted in a Kidney transplant? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 11:31 AM PST Since the adrenal gland sits on the kidney, what happens to the adrenal gland of the donor and of rhe recipient? Can humans do with one adrenal gland like we can do with one kidney? submitted by /u/frickfrackcute [link] [comments]

Chernobyl Disaster - Fission without Moderator? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 12:38 PM PST So I'm watching the HBO series about Chernobyl which has made me read a bunch about nuclear plants and how they work - this has lead me to a series of questions that I can't seem to find answers for, which may mean they're not good questions. My understanding is that U-235 nuclear fuel is pretty safe even in its enriched form because there's no neutron moderator present to slow down the emitted neutrons to an energy level conducive of causing fission, right? I have a vague understanding of why the core exploded, but once the explosion happened the fuel and the moderator are both scattered at great distances atomically speaking, and I would think that the open-air would bring down the temperatures of the exposed core. Why did the fire carry on with such intensity and why weren't they able to put it out? If they were putting boron and sand on the core, that would suggest it was a continued fission reaction and they were trying to absorb the neutrons to stop that reaction, right? Without the moderator present, how could the reaction take place as it did? If fresh nuclear fuel can be manipulated by hand (I've read refueling happens by hand with special tools), what makes it so dangerously radioactive when the core is exposed? submitted by /u/AaronPossum [link] [comments]

If vaccines don't fully take effect within 2-3 days of administration, why don't we continue to have physical effects such as fever until the immune system has reached it's goal? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 08:01 PM PST I've long heard that certain vaccines don't "take effect" until weeks after administration. My understanding is that the immune system is building immunity during this time. What keeps us from having physical symptoms while this is going on? submitted by /u/makemeoneplease [link] [comments]

Giving covid vaccine to someone that covid positive? Posted: 17 Dec 2020 12:24 PM PST What would happen if you gave the coronavirus vaccine to someone that is positive for coronavirus? Would they get better or the vaccine wouldn't do anything because it's too late? Edit to title - that's submitted by /u/Broken_20 [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States