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Friday, June 5, 2020

Given that radiowaves reduce amplitude according to the inverse square law, how do we maintain contact with distant spacecraft like Voyager 1 & 2?

Given that radiowaves reduce amplitude according to the inverse square law, how do we maintain contact with distant spacecraft like Voyager 1 & 2?


Given that radiowaves reduce amplitude according to the inverse square law, how do we maintain contact with distant spacecraft like Voyager 1 & 2?

Posted: 05 Jun 2020 12:18 AM PDT

Do high flying birds need less oxygen?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 08:09 AM PDT

Do high flying birds need less oxygen in their breaths, or do they take breaths when they are lower altitudes (like whales surfacing for air)?

submitted by /u/VonBeegs
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By blowing the outer sides of a mug, how much more or less effective is this than blowing the top of the mug (directly at the liquid)?

Posted: 05 Jun 2020 04:59 AM PDT

Background: The question comes as result of my high school science teacher suggesting in order to cool our solution in the beaker, we should blow the outer sides of the beaker and shouldn't blow from the top directly down into the solution (like most would when cooling a hot beverage). I believe he said this at the time because the fumes of the solution may have been hazardous or the solution may splash if we blow too hard.

Thoughts: The sides of mugs usually have a bigger surface area than the top of the hot beverage. Via conduction, my thoughts are that the heat should disperse into the mug quite rapidly. Additionally, if the hot beverage is stirred, the surface area touching the sides of the mug is even more significant.

Personally, I feel blowing the top of the mug has always been better because I feel the heat escaping as I blow but I'm not sure if this means it's actually better than blowing the sides.

Also, possible variables to consider is stirring and if this would change the outcome, and for the sake of having a clearer direction for this question, lets say the mug is ceramic and holds approximately 250ml (just imagine a typical white mug with a handle).

submitted by /u/ProfessorJimHarris
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Why didn't the Greenland ice sheet melt after the ice age?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 08:39 AM PDT

Part of the Greenland ice sheet is at the same latitude as where the ice sheets that covered Canada and northern Europe were and those melted, so why not the Greenland one?

submitted by /u/Albert_Camus129
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What is a phase 3 clinical trial when we talk about vaccines?

Posted: 05 Jun 2020 06:38 AM PDT

My understanding of the phases of clinical trials goes like this;

Phase 1: test safety in small number of healthy people.

Phase 2: test safety in small number of sick people and obtain early data whether it works.

Phase 3: test efficacy in large number of sick people.

Phase 4: use new treatment in the clinic and study it.

My question is this. Vaccines are given to healthy people to prevent the sickness. So who gets studied in Phase 3? Do you just wait to see how many of those people end up sick after they get the vaccine?

submitted by /u/Hmm_I_dont_know_man
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Can someone please explain some aspects of E=MC^2?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 09:15 PM PDT

Sorry in advance if these are dumb questions, just trying to understand Einstein's equation better.

I understand E represents energy, usually potential energy, but what unit is E measured in? Is it dependent on what units are used in the case of M and C (i.e. using grams or kilograms etc, meters per second or kilometer per second etc) or are all of the variables associated constant units? If it's constant, what is the correct unit to use for each variable?

For example, take a 5 kg object. Multiply by the speed of light (defined in this case as 299,792,458 m/s), squared, (8.987551787368e16 m/s), which gives us 4.493775893684e17. What unit is this number measured in?

What makes the speed of light relavent to measuring energy in objects with mass? If light is made up of photons, and photons have a mass of 0, that would make the energy of photons equal to 0 according to this equation. Wouldn't that mean light contains no energy, and therefore isn't a form of energy like we know it to be? If it's not a form of energy, why is light warm? How would solar panels work? How would photosynthesis work? How are lasers powerful enough to cut through metal? These are just examples to explain my thought process, not necessarily other questions that need to be answered.

Thanks y'all, I've tried googling (albeit not as hard as I could've) but I found nothing that answers these questions, and figured it would be easier to ask.

submitted by /u/tekno_trekker
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Why clouds don't form beyond a certain height?

Posted: 05 Jun 2020 07:09 AM PDT

OK, this might be dumb, but why do clouds don't form/rise above a certain height? What's the threshold to that height? Is it because water vapour doesn't rise above that height limit?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/waltzraghu
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Do all beans in a pod have the same exact genetic make up?

Posted: 05 Jun 2020 02:56 AM PDT

Like take edamame for example. Slice that open and you'll get yer self some beans. Are each one of those beans genetically independent? Y'know it's their own fruit, it's gonna do what it wants. Or are they all completely identical genetically. I'm making a character that gains different abilities based on the foods they've eaten. It made me curious as to the actual science behind it. I figured you guys could help me out. Or if anything I brought an odd chuckle to your feed. But so like for example. You've just eaten edamame and arise from the edaMAMA pod next to a healthy batch of bean bros. Are they going to be all identical, the same dna? And most importantly which one of them is gonna have the biggest dick? P.S. if you have any more cool sciencey food related ideas for this character message me.

submitted by /u/spraey_cheez
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Does surface texture/roughness have much impact on the solubility of a substance?

Posted: 05 Jun 2020 06:19 AM PDT

I'm thinking because a highly rough surface will technically have more surface area. I imagine this will only apply to the initial layer but that would still be of interest to me. If anyone has any links to any articles it would be greatly appreciated :)

submitted by /u/optiberry
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Southern California experienced an aftershock yesterday 11 months after the original one. How can this big of a delay happen?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 08:37 AM PDT

Will a dream about a major physiological event trigger any relevant physiological reactions in the dreamer?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 08:19 AM PDT

For example, if an individual dreams of something like childbirth, does that individual receive similar hormonal releases etc. be it in a lesser degree or otherwise as the real life event? I'm not sure how deep the science into the actual biology of dreaming is, but would be interested to know if their is any theories in this specific area.

submitted by /u/NotAshTaylor
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Does gravity work differently underground?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 12:38 PM PDT

Does gravity get stronger, weaker or stay the same as it would be on the surface?

submitted by /u/the_fonzzz
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How can a Bi-elliptic transfer orbital maneuver be more efficient than a Hohmann transfer?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 08:36 AM PDT

I know just enough about orbital mechanics to realize I know hardly anything, thank kerbal space program, and ran into this maneuver. I can't seem to wrap my head around how this could be a better plan. Any insight would be appreciated.

submitted by /u/Yorune
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How do mushrooms reproduce with other mushrooms?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 12:37 PM PDT

I understand that they release spores through the mushroom but how do they share DNA?

submitted by /u/Inselaffen90
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Do freckles appear at the same spot every time or are they randomly placed?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 01:46 AM PDT

was just looking myself in the mirror and noticed some new freckles. I get more freckles at summer and then all of them disappear at winter.

So my question is: Do freckles appear at the same spot every time or are they placed randomly?

(English is not my first language so sorry if there are any grammar or spelling mistakes)

submitted by /u/SingingVega
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Where is the line drawn between a language and a dialect?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 10:19 AM PDT

For example, I am near fluent in French (Canadian) and can not understand Cajun French very well. But I can understand a little Italian, even though I have never studied Italian before. And it's not just between French dialects where this happens. Most English speakers say they can't understand Jamaican English, Arabic speakers say they can't understand people from Morocco, and I'm sure the list goes on with other major languages. What is making Italian almost easier to understand than Cajun French?

submitted by /u/Ninja-Snail
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What happens when radio waves collide, or multiple sources broadcast on the same frequency?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 05:19 PM PDT

I know radio waves fall along the same spectrum as microwaves and visible light, and tuning into those frequencies with a device like a radio allows us to listen in on messages if you're within range of the source's broadcasting.

What happens when a device is tuned into a frequency that more than one source is broadcasting in? Would it mash the sounds together, or just result in audio static? Does that mean that someone could play a bunch of noise on all available frequencies in order to drown out whoever is using those frequencies in broadcasting range? Please note, i'm not attempting anything like this, just wondered if it was possible or what would happen haha

submitted by /u/EightiesHades
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How did plants survive the Ice Age?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 06:09 AM PDT

If plants grow between temperatures of 32 F and 85 F, then how did they survive during the Ice Age, where temperatures were way colder.

Also, how did animals survive? What did they eat if there were barely any plants available?

submitted by /u/FutureAdi
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How to introduce $\Gamma(1\4)$ and $\Gamma(-ve integer)$?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 12:10 PM PDT

When i wanted to prove that $\Gamma(-1)=\infty$ it turns to be $\inft over -1 $ which for me equal to $-\infty $ not $\infty$. When I draw $\Gamma(x)$ it's was singular at $x=-1$ where $lim_{x->-1+}=-\infty$ and $lim_{x->-1-}=\infty$..i need to know why $\Gamma(-ve integer)=\infty$ not $\Gamma(-ve integer)=+-\infty$?? ..Another question is $\Gamma(1\4)$ has an explicit value or not..like$\Gamma(1\2)=\sqrt(\pi)$? Or how can we introduce it?

submitted by /u/hassnataha
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Thursday, June 4, 2020

I have two questions. How do paleontologists determine what dinosaurs looked like by examining only the bones? Also, how accurate are the scientific illustrations? Are they accurate, or just estimations of what the dinosaurs may have looked like?

I have two questions. How do paleontologists determine what dinosaurs looked like by examining only the bones? Also, how accurate are the scientific illustrations? Are they accurate, or just estimations of what the dinosaurs may have looked like?


I have two questions. How do paleontologists determine what dinosaurs looked like by examining only the bones? Also, how accurate are the scientific illustrations? Are they accurate, or just estimations of what the dinosaurs may have looked like?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 04:28 PM PDT

How do those old-timey underwater naval mines even work?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 12:45 PM PDT

How do those old-timey underwater naval mines even work?

I understand that the mines detonate when a ship bumps into them, but how did the mines resist corrosion and still function? Why were probes placed under the mine even though the ships were likely to travel above the mine?

submitted by /u/muff_marauder
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Was there another Coronavirus around November? Myself and a lot of people I know we're hit with the worst flu I've ever had by a mile. Symptoms were very similar to Covid19, but a few months too early. I wondered what it was as it occasionally comes up in conversations

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 04:08 AM PDT

I got it in Malta as a conference with many Asian attendees. Many of the people I met there became sick shortly after returning home, so the outbreak would quickly have become international. It was in the UK, Canada, Ukraine, Germany, France, etc.

It comes up occasionally still because the symptoms were so similar, and I often meet people who are a little confused that they had something similar before Covid19 arrived in their country.

Given how infectious it was i imagine the medical community knows about it and I'm curious what it was

submitted by /u/roamingandy
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In fluids, why do larger bubbles rise faster than smaller ones?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 08:16 PM PDT

Is it all possible for one to see the filament structure of the universe?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 10:01 PM PDT

I keep seeing pictures like this around and I'm wondering if it would really be possible at all for anyone to see this structure (or parts of if) in real life. I would assume not, but I would really like to know. My apologies if this is a dumb question at all

submitted by /u/SweaterKetchup
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Why don't ocean waves travel at the speed of sound in water?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 07:23 AM PDT

This random thought struck me today and i couldn't figure it out. If pressure moves through a material at its specific speed of sound, why do ocean waves travel so much slower?

submitted by /u/ahab_ahoy
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If the universe is only 13.7 billion years old and 1 light year is how long light travels in a year, how have we seen objects farther then 13.7 billion light years away?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 05:37 PM PDT

I have heard that the entire observable universe is 90 billion light years across. How do we know this if objects in the universe only had 13.7 billion years to send light to us?

submitted by /u/Ketchup4GrilledChez
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Could nuclear weapons reserves' uranium be used in nowadays fision reactors?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 06:16 AM PDT

So that's the question, could highly enriched uranium from nuclear weapons reserves be used in the fision reactors that we have on our countries. And why?

submitted by /u/hydradanoob
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If magnetic monopoles were abundant, would they interact with atoms like electrons do?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 05:57 AM PDT

Basically just curious how or whether a magnetic monopole might form stable "bonds" with the components of an atom, presuming they exist and we're abundant.

submitted by /u/I_AM_FERROUS_MAN
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When I plug the end of a straw and pull it out of a liquid, what force is holding the liquid in the straw to counteract the force of gravity?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 05:42 PM PDT

How can we have mapped the human genome, when everybody has (at least somewhat) different genes?

Posted: 04 Jun 2020 03:57 AM PDT

How come the pole of Saturn looks/is hexogonal?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 12:36 PM PDT

English is not my first language. Im sorry for any mistakes in f.i. grammar.

So I checked out this very cool picture of Saturn: https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/gvxcla/the_clearest_image_ever_taken_of_saturn/?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share and the pole looks hexagonal. Can Someone explain why this is?

submitted by /u/Discoties
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If SARS-CoV-2 enters the body with its spike protein through the ACE2 receptor, then wouldn't any mutation to the virus still conserve this protein, as it is essential for the virus to enter human cells and grow? Or could it evolve a completely different mechanism of entry?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 11:10 AM PDT

I don't know much about viruses and what/how/why they mutate, just wondering. Also, if the spike protein would be conserved, would we even need a new vaccine for it if it mutated? Thank you for any info!

submitted by /u/OutrageousLion1
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Are there viruses that didn't originate in animals?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 02:05 PM PDT

Are there any viruses that affect humans that started in humans? Or did they all start in animals and then transfer to humans? If that's the case, then why so?

submitted by /u/FrostyTigerXP
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When we are sick and some mucus falls down our lungs, it usually disappear some days after recovery. How does it get out?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 06:44 AM PDT

How explosive is Fulminating Gold relative to black powder?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 09:26 PM PDT

I recently learned about Fulminating Gold, and that it was the first high explosive humanity ever discovered. I know now that high explosive refers to the type rather than the strength, but how much energy is released from an explosion of Fulminating Gold versus one of black powder?

submitted by /u/Kcajkcaj99
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Does a hollow object containing a vacuum float on water?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 07:37 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 08:08 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How does a lightning create heat?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 08:00 AM PDT

So one evening I was watching this storm and then I wondered how the nature can wield such a force. When I looked it up I found out about it but this one thing is "in the dark" for me. I know that thunder is created by expansion of the heated air but why does it heat up in the first place? Are the electrons colliding with the atoms in the air or is it something completely different? Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/Maximilian_Krustal
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After being weakened, do EM waves stronger than visible light eventually fall into the visible light spectrum?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 04:50 PM PDT

For example, when there's heavy cloud coverage does the UV light lose enough energy when coming in contact with the thicker clouds and drop down to visible light? Is this possible and if so, does it happen on Earth?

submitted by /u/39410
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Why are rocket performing better with lighter exhaust gas?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 04:55 AM PDT

Hi all, I started watching lots of rockets related video following the Dragon Crew launch. Something I heard in several video and seem counter intuitive to me is that lighter exhaust gas has better performance. I was thinking with Newton's 3rd law this would be the opposite, for example If I'm in a vacuum and throw a bowling ball I'll move further than if I throw a feather.

What am I missing?

submitted by /u/Pronoe
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Wednesday, June 3, 2020

AskScience AMA Series: My name is Matija Ćuk, and I am a research scientist at the SETI Institute specializing in the orbital dynamics of solar system bodies. AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: My name is Matija Ćuk, and I am a research scientist at the SETI Institute specializing in the orbital dynamics of solar system bodies. AMA!


AskScience AMA Series: My name is Matija Ćuk, and I am a research scientist at the SETI Institute specializing in the orbital dynamics of solar system bodies. AMA!

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 04:00 AM PDT

I earned my undergrad degree in astrophysics in at the University of Belgrade, Serbia, in 1999, and then I did my PhD in astronomy at Cornell University in 2005. I specialize in the orbital dynamics of solar system bodies, using their present orbit to figure out their past history. I usually use computer simulations, and my job involves quite a bit of programming. Back in graduate school I discovered the BYORP effect, which is driven by solar radiation and which changes the orbits of small binary asteroids very quickly (astronomically speaking). In 2012, Sarah Stewart and I had a paper in Science where we proposed that Earth was spinning very fast when the moon-forming collision happened, which made it possible to make the moon from Earth's material. My part was to show how Earth could lose excess spin afterwards through complex interactions between the Sun and the Moon. In 2016, I revisited this issue and found that early Earth was probably not only spinning super fast but also had a large axial tilt. I have also worked on the dynamics of Saturn's moons, and I proposed in 2016 that Saturn's inner moons and rings are probably only about 100 million years old. Cassini spacecraft results later suggested this is indeed the case, at least for the rings. My latest paper is on the past orbits of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos, and how the orbit of Deimos makes sense only if Mars had a large ring about 3 billion years ago.

I will be on at 11am PDT (2 PM ET, 18 UT), AMA!

Username: setiinstitute

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Black Lives Matter

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 10:57 AM PDT

Black lives matter. The moderation team at AskScience wants to express our outrage and sadness at the systemic racism and disproportionate violence experienced by the black community. This has gone on for too long, and it's time for lasting change.

When 1 out of every 1,000 black men and boys in the United States can expect to be killed by the police, police violence is a public health crisis. Black men are about 2.5 times more likely to be killed by police than white men. In 2019, 1,099 people were killed by police in the US; 24% of those were black, even though only 13% of the population is black.

When black Americans make up a disproportionate number of COVID-19 deaths, healthcare disparity is another public health crisis. In Michigan, black people make up 14% of the population and 40% of COVID-19 deaths. In Louisiana, black people are 33% of the population but account for 70% of COVID-19 deaths. Black Americans are more likely to work in essential jobs, with 38% of black workers employed in these industries compared with 29% of white workers. They are less likely to have access to health insurance and more likely to lack continuity in medical care.

These disparities, these crises, are not coincidental. They are the result of systemic racism, economic inequality, and oppression.

Change requires us to look inward, too. For over a decade, AskScience has been a forum where redditors can discuss scientific topics with scientists. Our panel includes hundreds of STEM professionals who volunteer their time, and we are proud to be an interface between scientists and non-scientists. We are fully committed to making science more accessible, and we hope it inspires people to consider careers in STEM.

However, we must acknowledge that STEM suffers from a marked lack of diversity. In the US, black workers comprise 11% of the US workforce, but hold just 7% of STEM jobs that require a bachelor's degree or higher. Only 4% of medical doctors are black. Hispanic workers make up 16% of the US workforce, 6% of STEM jobs that require a bachelor's degree or higher, and 4.4% of medical doctors. Women make up 47% of the US workforce but 41% of STEM professionals with professional or doctoral degrees. And while we know around 3.5% of the US workforce identifies as LGBTQ+, their representation in STEM fields is largely unknown.

These numbers become even more dismal in certain disciplines. For example, as of 2019, less than 4% of tenured or tenure-track geoscience positions are held by people of color, and fewer than 100 black women in the US have received PhDs in physics.

This lack of diversity is unacceptable and actively harmful, both to people who are not afforded opportunities they deserve and to the STEM community as a whole. We cannot truly say we have cultivated the best and brightest in our respective fields when we are missing the voices of talented, brilliant people who are held back by widespread racism, sexism, and homophobia.

It is up to us to confront these systemic injustices directly. We must all stand together against police violence, racism, and economic, social, and environmental inequality. STEM professional need to make sure underrepresented voices are heard, to listen, and to offer support. We must be the change.


Sources:

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What negative side-effects can vaccines have that need to be eliminated before it is allowed to be distributed?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 01:41 AM PDT

Do spiders take over webs?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 09:45 AM PDT

Do spiders ever stumble upon another spiders web and occupy it? Or do they always have to build their own?

submitted by /u/jtlkybncv
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If global warming causes the oceans to rise and oceans absorb CO2, is it a considerable negative feedback loop?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 05:04 AM PDT

I am aware that there are a huge number of factors at play; I'm just wondering if the effect is considerable and worth taking into account in models.

submitted by /u/notultrashnotebel
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Where does the mass in a proton come from ?

Posted: 03 Jun 2020 01:13 AM PDT

I know a proton is made of two quarks up and one quark down and gluons have no (or very little mass) and when you add their mass up you don't get the mass of the proton, so where does the mass in a proton come from ?

submitted by /u/Hydrogen1_01
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How is a mosquito's snout able to pick up and transmit diseases such as Malaria, but not HIV/AIDS, a blood trasmittable pathogen?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 08:31 PM PDT

From a mere standpoint a mosquito's snout appears to be a miniature extendable jagged surgical needle. Despite the seemingly lack of scientific evidence available, there have been incidences such as this, though the CDC supports that Zika is already a mosquito-borne illness whilst HIV is not. Then my question is: What constitutes as a blood-borne and non-mosquito-borne illness?

submitted by /u/BabyDragonwithRabies
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Does the Monty Hall Problem apply here?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 09:38 AM PDT

Does the Monty Hall apply in the following situation? If not, how is it different from the classic Monty Hall problem?

Let's say 3 runners of equal ability are going to race. They are called Alvin, Simon, and Theodore. At the beginning of the race, I bet on Alvin. 6 miles into the race, a bear appears on the track and eats Simon. The betting office announces the chance for me to change my bet at this stage. Should I switch my bet to Theodore?

submitted by /u/schellshock
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How does the ancient eruption of Krakatoa compare to our most recent volcanic eruptions and atomic bombs?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 12:57 PM PDT

I actually asked this in r/homeworkhelp not too long ago, but I am genuinely still curious about this. Do we even have estimates of how devastating Krakatoa's damage is? What are they, and how do they compare to the damage of some of the most recent volcanic eruptions and atom-bomb blasts?

submitted by /u/Syliase
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Why does the Jet stream converge and diverge?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 04:26 PM PDT

From what i've understood about meteorology; low and high pressure happens when e.g. the jet stream converges or diverges. I understand the basics of how this causes low and high pressure, and how the jet streams works, but not why it converge and diverge.

What causes the convergence and divergence in the first place? Has it something to do with the temperature gradient? if so, what causes the temperature to vary that much, so close together?

submitted by /u/bartiin
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Would a constant acceleration from unlimited energy produce an observation of a non-linear acceleration from a different reference point?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 10:33 PM PDT

I am by no means very studied in physics or general relativity.

If my very basic understanding of a factor of general relativity is correct, the faster an object moves compared to another object, the slower time appears to move for that object.

Since velocity is a function of time, and time in affected by relative velocities, would an object under constant acceleration appear to an observer to non accelerate in a linear fashion?

As the object moves faster and faster, would the time dilation produce an effect where the object, moving in its own relative field, experiences the same acceleration, but from out outside perspective, due to a comparitively slower time dilation, see the object as accelerating faster and faster, in a third derivative of position sense.

To perhaps clarify.

If Velocity is related to time, and time is related to velocity, would not an accelerating object eventually appear to an outside observer as having infinite acceleration and velocity due to having no time? A division by zero scenario?

submitted by /u/DoomiestTurtle
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how do benign growths happen? And why do they grow a certain amount and stop?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 12:58 PM PDT

Comparing cancerous growths to benign. I understand that cancerous cells replicate to cause cancerous growths but how do benign growths come to be and why do they stop growing?

submitted by /u/GuyFromNowhereUSA
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What are the chances this and younger generations will have significant hearing loss as we age?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 04:04 AM PDT

Is there any evidence that the popularization of earphones will lead to significant hearing loss as we get older?

submitted by /u/RealRedGuard
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Are there any birds which produce a blue pigment?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 06:01 AM PDT

I've seen statements to the effect of "no bird species can make blue from pigments" (example), but I've also seen many sources saying that blue is only "typically" the result of structural color (example 1, example 2).

But I can't find any specific mentions of a particular bird species which manufacture a blue pigment, so I'm left wondering if any actually exist or if all of the sources saying it's "typically" the result of structural color are just hedging in case there's one they didn't know about.

Do we know of even a single bird species which has non-structural blue color?

submitted by /u/dragonnyxx
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How do stem cells get to the axillary meristem?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 09:34 AM PDT

I am wondering, as the shoot apical meristem begins to grow do some stem cells migrate over to the axillary meristem that originally existed in the SAM. Alternatively since some plant cells are totipotent, do normal cells convert back to stem cells in order to generate the axillary meristem?

submitted by /u/huckleberrysky
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Today it's hot out. Just now I opened my sliding door and ran out, then a minute later, back in. Which action puts more burden on my AC system - running in (bringing hot air inside) or running out (losing cooled air)?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 12:58 PM PDT

Wherever I go, I'm going to be sweeping a bunch of air along with me. So which transfer is more impactful on being bad for the A/C?

submitted by /u/WaitForItTheMongols
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Why do some very expensive CPUs use lots of slow cores vs. fewer very fast cores?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 12:23 AM PDT

Basically my question as an amateur computer builder and IT curious person with not a ton of in depth knowledge of computer engineering is this:

Server grade processors, which have MSRPs that at the highest price point are $20,000+US, seem to utilize tons of cores running in the mid 2.5 GHz range per core.

High end enthusiast processors run significantly less in the $500 - $1000 range and have core speeds that are now pushing past the 5 GHz range per core.

What are the limitations or engineering reasons why you don't see at this moment, Intel or AMD releasing CPUs with massive core counts and also massive clock speeds? Wouldn't it theoretically be an advantage to have a ton of super fast cores? Are the reasons economic or due to engineering or technological limitation?

A more minor follow up would be is this something that the future of CPU design has in store or is it less practical as high core counts and programs meant to utilize multi-core systems become more common and standard?

submitted by /u/vonarchimboldi
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What is the relationship between insulin and hGH?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 01:50 AM PDT

Hello everyone! I am a last year med student I was reading my physiology textbook(Guyton's) and something confused me. In the book in some chapter it says different thing about insulin secretion and insulin resistance mechanism of hGH also Insulin like Growth Hormone. I can understand some of them true but I think there is a problem I couldn't get it. From clinic I know hGH cause insulin resistance. In book it says different things. hGH secreted in lack of insulin In other chapter it says hGH necessary for insulin action and also insulin and hGH synergetic. I googled and in many places it says different things Like in wiki says insulin induce growth hormone secretion. Also at beginning in book glucagon inhibit insulin secretion later it promotes it. What am I missing? Thanks.

submitted by /u/corpio
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What is the difference between a continent and an island?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 01:00 AM PDT

As far as I know, continents are basically just huge islands, so how is the difference between an island and a continent decided?

submitted by /u/alexramm0404
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Is it possible to distinguish a deterministic pseudorandom generator from a true random generator?

Posted: 02 Jun 2020 12:37 AM PDT

Follow up: If we are living in a simulation, can we test it by testing the randomness of quantum particles?

submitted by /u/nooglerhat
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