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Friday, May 15, 2020

AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII

AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII


AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII

Posted: 24 Jan 2020 05:32 PM PST

Please read this entire post carefully and format your application appropriately.

This post is for new panelist recruitment! The previous one is here.

The panel is an informal group of redditors who are either professional scientists or those in training to become so. All panelists have at least a graduate-level familiarity within their declared field of expertise and answer questions from related areas of study. A panelist's expertise is summarized in a color-coded AskScience flair.

Membership in the panel comes with access to a panelist subreddit. It is a place for panelists to interact with each other, voice concerns to the moderators, and where the moderators make announcements to the whole panel. It's a good place to network with people who share your interests!


You are eligible to join the panel if you:

  • Are studying for at least an MSc. or equivalent degree in the sciences, AND,

  • Are able to communicate your knowledge of your field at a level accessible to various audiences.


Instructions for formatting your panelist application:

  • Choose exactly one general field from the side-bar (Physics, Engineering, Social Sciences, etc.).

  • State your specific field in one word or phrase (Neuropathology, Quantum Chemistry, etc.)

  • Succinctly describe your particular area of research in a few words (carbon nanotube dielectric properties, myelin sheath degradation in Parkinsons patients, etc.)

  • Give us a brief synopsis of your education: are you a research scientist for three decades, or a first-year Ph.D. student?

  • Provide links to comments you've made in AskScience which you feel are indicative of your scholarship. Applications will not be approved without several comments made in /r/AskScience itself.


Ideally, these comments should clearly indicate your fluency in the fundamentals of your discipline as well as your expertise. We favor comments that contain citations so we can assess its correctness without specific domain knowledge.

Here's an example application:

 Username: /u/foretopsail General field: Anthropology Specific field: Maritime Archaeology Particular areas of research include historical archaeology, archaeometry, and ship construction. Education: MA in archaeology, researcher for several years. Comments: 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Please do not give us personally identifiable information and please follow the template. We're not going to do real-life background checks - we're just asking for reddit's best behavior. However, several moderators are tasked with monitoring panelist activity, and your credentials will be checked against the academic content of your posts on a continuing basis.

You can submit your application by replying to this post.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How come mild cases of viruses might not develop anti bodies?

Posted: 15 May 2020 02:34 AM PDT

This isn't specifically about COVID but I read an article about a study on COVID that 99% of patients have developed anti bodies which gives good hope for the fact that people with mild symptoms might also develop them. Which indicates that in general people with mild symptoms of any virus might have a larger chance/risk of not developing anti bodies.

From my limited reasoning, mild symptoms would mean that your immune system managed to fight it early enough before more serious symptoms could develop themselves. But that also means anti bodies doesn't it? It's anti bodies that do the whole defending your body thing against that virus?

submitted by /u/Friendofabook
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How long after you get exposed to the COVID-19 virus does a test able to detect it?

Posted: 15 May 2020 03:57 AM PDT

Are the orbital planes of other solar systems parallel to ours?

Posted: 15 May 2020 12:16 AM PDT

I know that we can observe exoplanets when they pass in front of their star and we can get a peek at the atmosphere because photons are able to pass through it and then reach us. However, it seems like such an event is very unlikely. Why is it that all of these exoplanets seem to be going directly in between their host star and earth in order for us to be able to view them so consistently? What are the chances of that? Are the orbital planes of different solar systems parallel with each other? This is the only explanation I can think of.

submitted by /u/user78p
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For how long can a person who is asymptomatic unknowingly spread Covid-19 around their community?

Posted: 15 May 2020 07:20 AM PDT

Why are all the planets' orbits on the same plane?

Posted: 14 May 2020 11:06 PM PDT

Its almost as if they were just rolling around on the floor, is it possible for a planit to orbit the sun vertically?

submitted by /u/D4ZB
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My girlfriend just bought new vitamins after doing some research and is raving to me about nootropics. I'm extremely skeptical, should I be?

Posted: 14 May 2020 07:48 PM PDT

Apparently they're supposed to "help with the creation of new neurons" but it sounds very hoaxy. I'm currently googling now, but figured I'd ask reddit as well. I appreciate any insight.

submitted by /u/funfactsarecool
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Does the human immune system weaken in the short term if you are not around the normal minor viruses and bacteria of other humans?

Posted: 14 May 2020 07:59 PM PDT

On a recent episode of the Joe Rogan Experience podcast, Bro Scientist Joe Rogan theorized that the lockdown is weakening immune systems by instituting Social Distancing due to essentially "not exercising" the immune system, and could potential make Covid-19 infections worse. What do we have for research that would dispute/confirm this?

submitted by /u/kuuzo
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In depictions of dinosaurs from say the Triassic era, the background landscape of the image is often full of extreme geological environments. Did the earth just have more ‘extreme’ landscapes 250 million years ago?

Posted: 15 May 2020 04:37 AM PDT

If you look up 'Triassic era', nearly every image has a background populated by erupting volcanoes, huge canyons, alien looking trees, tall mountains.

Is the modern earth just 'boring' compared to the surface of the planet 250 MYA? Was there just far more geological activity back then?

submitted by /u/Velvet_frog
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How does DNA primase know where to bind?

Posted: 15 May 2020 08:08 AM PDT

Does DNA primase bind haphazardly or is there a mechanism that ensures it binds in specific areas of the DNA stand?

submitted by /u/josh822
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Is acceleration a continuous function of time?

Posted: 14 May 2020 09:55 PM PDT

Note on background: I am a student of math who has not studied physics. I know only the bits I have read on the web and some books.

I have seen acceleration defined as the second derivative of position w.r.t. time. Knowing this, acceleration is not necessarily continuous, but it at least takes all intermediate values on an interval.

However, I am not sure I like this definition and its consequences.

I have heard of the "jerk," the third derivative of position w.r.t. time. If this derivative exists, then acceleration is differentiable, therefore continuous. However, I have no intuitive reason to believe "jerk" always exists.

Correct me if I am wrong, but I think we also have the following:

In an inertial frame of reference, for a body of constant mass m, we have (1/m)F = a. This feels like a more fundamental characterization of acceleration, but perhaps I am just pushing my curiosity onto forces.

If force is necessarily a continuous function of time, then acceleration is continuous as a consequence. The converse holds, too.

Are acceleration and force continuous functions of time? If so, how do we know? Do these results hold at all size scales at any speed?

Bonus points: Are there any good books about classical mechanics for someone of my background? I find myself in a strange place: beginning undergraduate books are very frustrating because they obscure the truth behind physical notions and focus on menial calculations in extremely limited scenarios ("incline plane problems", "pendulum problems", etc.). Higher level books, on the other hand, assume complete knowledge of simpler concepts. However, I haven't seen any book which properly teachers fundamental notions (such as the question I've asked), so I don't see how people make this transition.

Thank you very much!

submitted by /u/Borsevik
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What does the amount of sun spot on the sun indicative of? If there are more or less would it affect the temperature on earth?

Posted: 15 May 2020 06:14 AM PDT

Just read something about sun "lockdown" and just wondering if this is this a hoax?

submitted by /u/kiraxkage
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Has there historically been a lower incidence of viral illness in countries where wearing masks has been common for many years?

Posted: 15 May 2020 05:58 AM PDT

The "common cold" is a coronavirus, for instance, and it seems like a not a huge leap to think that there should be a wealth of data around whether having the general public wear masks everywhere they go has shown to be effective in lowering the incidence of illness.

I know there's a ton of data showing that masks work in a clinical setting, I'm more interested in understanding the "daily driver" kind of mask wearing that has been commonplace in Asian countries for much longer than anywhere else.

Also would be interesting to validate (or invalidate!) my assumption that Covid-19 and other coronaviruses can be lumped together when talking about ways to protect against them, or if they're different enough that comparing infection rates between them is not useful.

submitted by /u/EnormousChord
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Is "time" on Earth the same as time in space? For example is Earth's "time" relevant on Mars?

Posted: 14 May 2020 10:41 PM PDT

Another example in the movie Interstellar a group of people went to a planet and when they came back a few years has been passed while for them it was just a few hours that has been passed. So could something like that really exist?

submitted by /u/Mr-Jabba
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How are the effects of emotions like fear studied? How can they be recreated in a controlled enviroment?

Posted: 15 May 2020 08:09 AM PDT

If someone knows that they will experience fear as part of research, wouldn't that make that induced feeling different? How is genuine fear (or any other emotion) studied?

submitted by /u/Wrath_of_Ytar
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Does electron interact with itself while being "distributed" in orbital?

Posted: 15 May 2020 04:04 AM PDT

We all know more or less that precise electron position around the nuclei does not make much sense. If is rather distributed across the orbital, being in certain position with certain probability. Therefore, if there is "distribution" of electric charge along the position distribution, does it mean that electron is interacting with itself by means of coulomb interactions? I guess that it is not true, and there is an elegant explanation why.

submitted by /u/gleorn
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Are you able to be allergic to EpiPen? And if so what alternative would there be for someone that has an allergic reaction?

Posted: 15 May 2020 03:33 AM PDT

Do we know yet if Covid-19 has any long term effects, similar to the way Measles hampers your immune system for as long as two years after recovery?

Posted: 14 May 2020 07:08 PM PDT

Measles really wrecks your immune system for as long as two years after recovery. Chicken Pox can hide in your nerve cells for decades, coming back later as the very painful shingles.

Do we have any way of knowing if Covid-19 will be giving us even more problems in the coming years?

submitted by /u/seanbrockest
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What is the 'madness' that is caused by Mercury poisoning?

Posted: 14 May 2020 02:57 PM PDT

I came across the expression 'mad as a hatter', and how it comes from how hatters used to work with Mercury and often, over the course of a career, 'go mad' from it. We have since advanced considerably in our understanding of both medicine and human psychology. So can we now give a fuller explanation of what happened in the body to cause people of the past to 'go mad' from Mercury poisoning, and what actual psychological issues does it cause?

Also, was it always permanent?

submitted by /u/Rhamni
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Where does the energy go if I were to turn on boosters at light speed?

Posted: 15 May 2020 12:17 AM PDT

I would assume that no ship actually can get to light speed in reality, and that turning on boosters/engines only near lightspeed would get ate up by the exponential power needs to chase light speed decimals.

BUT

in theory going light speed, and i turn on boosters, if i cant have an opposite reaction forward when firing, where would that energy go? any theorys?

submitted by /u/TheDiggityDoo
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What is the purpose of the inability for sieve tube cells to divide?

Posted: 15 May 2020 03:20 AM PDT

I am aware that they lack a nucleus and ribosomes but do we know what the purpose of this function serves? Does it prevent the sieve tube cells from overswelling and restricting the movement of carbohydrates?

submitted by /u/RunUpTheSoundWaves
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Can anything be said in every language?

Posted: 15 May 2020 03:05 AM PDT

I know some languages don't express certain words or concepts. Like English borrowed "rendezvous" among very many others because there isn't a good substitute. And some languages lack certain color words. And there are probably many more examples. But other than maybe "yes", "no", and greeting (and even then I can't be sure if that's true), is there any concept that's universal among languages? If so, what/why?

submitted by /u/Veridically_
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Thursday, May 14, 2020

Have any viruses ever moved between vastly different organisms? For example: from Mammals to reptiles, fish to amphibians, plants to invertebrates etc

Have any viruses ever moved between vastly different organisms? For example: from Mammals to reptiles, fish to amphibians, plants to invertebrates etc


Have any viruses ever moved between vastly different organisms? For example: from Mammals to reptiles, fish to amphibians, plants to invertebrates etc

Posted: 14 May 2020 03:18 AM PDT

I guess bird flus moving into mammals are a good example of this kind of thing.

I wonder if there is evidence of these kind of jumps happening in other diseases throughout history.

submitted by /u/RichardsonM24
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I saw an asteroid impact calculator and it said the maximum speed of something orbiting the sun is 72km/s. Why?

Posted: 13 May 2020 09:10 AM PDT

Is there really a limit to how fast something can orbit the sun? Why? Does this limit apply to things entering the solar system?

submitted by /u/Yazman
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How come the space station needs to fire a rocket regularly to stay in orbit, but dangerous space junk can stay up there indefinitely?

Posted: 14 May 2020 06:16 AM PDT

What if dark matter is simply ordinary matter trapped inside an enormous number of unobserved black holes?

Posted: 14 May 2020 05:55 AM PDT

I 've been looking for material discussing the issue, but was not able to find something. The question was occasioned by the very recent observation of a black hole that lies only 1,120 light years away from the Sun.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR_6819

So what if galaxies' missing mass (dark matter) is trapped inside black holes? If so, and taking into account their known range of sizes, how many black holes would be required to exist in our galaxy, in order to host the total amount of missing mass ?

Sorry if the question sounds dump, but I am really curious on the topic.

submitted by /u/MaliciousAccount
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If the leap second causes so many technical problems, can’t the length of a second just be slightly altered?

Posted: 13 May 2020 10:37 PM PDT

If the length of a second was slightly altered (By like less than a millionth of a second) then there wouldn't be a leap second every few years, minimising the amount of technical problems it causes with online booking etc. New devices and devices connected to the internet could just have their second redefined and it wouldn't be necessary to change any clocks that aren't connected to the internet.

submitted by /u/jameslegohanlon
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How are vaccines against dangerous viruses tested?

Posted: 13 May 2020 10:01 PM PDT

Theoretically, I would expect that a group of people are given the vaccine and another group of the same size are given a placebo. Then all people of both groups are exposed to the virus to see if there's a significant difference between the 2 groups.

But surely, it would be unethical to expose healthy people to a dangerous virus, especially if they're only given a placebo. How does this work?

submitted by /u/Poiter85
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Why are blood clots a common complication of medically induced comas?

Posted: 13 May 2020 07:42 PM PDT

I just read the news about Nick Cordero's amputation during an induced coma to treat COVID. A similar situation happened to my grandma in the past. Appreciate any explanations, thanks!

submitted by /u/puffcheezers
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Everyone talks about the live(hot) wire being dangerous but can the neutral wire also be dangerous because current flows through it too?

Posted: 13 May 2020 10:49 PM PDT

Can a virus mutate to be less deadly?

Posted: 13 May 2020 11:51 PM PDT

Since mutation ocurs randomly and can involve many different characteristics, is it possible that a virus (or bacteria) could become less deadly over time, or would natural selection eliminate that? Is being deadly/gravely impacting the carrier the most important factor to determine the success of a given strain?

submitted by /u/samiam130
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Say at a certain time a satellite with an eccentric orbit had an apogee that was pointed away from the Sun as it orbited around Earth. Would the apogee always be pointed away from the Sun or would it be pointed towards the Sun when the Earth has completed half an orbit?

Posted: 14 May 2020 04:56 AM PDT

I was just wondering this recently when I was thinking about eccentric orbits, and I'm not really sure what the answer would be. I've drawn a diagram explaining it better: https://imgur.com/OtVZdsc

The blue dot is Earth, the yellow dot is the Sun, and the red circle is the hypothetical orbit of this satellite. As Earth travels around the sun, would the orbit 1 or orbit 2 be the most correct orbit of the satellite at varying times along Earth's orbit?

submitted by /u/Russian_Bot66
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Why do winds not affect the oxygen levels?

Posted: 14 May 2020 04:19 AM PDT

If warm air rises, it should carry oxygen with it, and cold air from the upper atmosphere should be less oxygen rich. Why doesn't this change the oxygen level? Or does it?

submitted by /u/NooaJ
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Why does sound transfer through objects and still sound loud?

Posted: 14 May 2020 01:15 AM PDT

Sorry Idk what catagory this belongs in...

Hi I just thought of this earlier today while laying on my floor petting my cat and she went and scratched the couch and while she was doing that I had my ear up against my couch arm across from it. I was wondering why does it sound louder when you have your ear against the object even if its being touched on the farther end is still louder than the person standing closer to whatever is touching the object?

submitted by /u/BtduBs907
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Hello, this is sort of a shower thought but I was watching something on the first great extinction and it got me thinking. Would there be dirt on earth if living things never existed?

Posted: 14 May 2020 12:50 AM PDT

My guess is no and that dirt is a product of the death and waste of living things but I do not know for sure. It seems so weird to think that a rocky planet without life would have no dirt but it could also make sense. Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/kdubs248
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Do gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria represent two independent phylogenetic clades?

Posted: 13 May 2020 03:35 PM PDT

In other words, are gram negatives and gram positives two separate evolutionary groups? If so, was their common ancestor negative or positive? If not, does this mean that the peptidoglycan / lipopolysaccharide capsules evolved multiple times independently? I can't seem to find a clear answer for this.

submitted by /u/Yungleen42069
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Why is soap effective against viruses?

Posted: 13 May 2020 08:24 PM PDT

I have heard that coronavirus is enveloped in oil and soap pops this, which removes the virus from your skin when you wash the soap off. Is the same for other viruses as well? Are there viruses that are not enveloped in oil and therefore not effected by soap?

submitted by /u/Throwmeout43212345
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How are mice genetically modified to conduct research?

Posted: 13 May 2020 01:26 PM PDT

This is kind of a large, general question as there are probably many ways to do it, but when a study is approved how do the researchers edit the group of mice they want to compare to the control?

For example, I was reading a paper about down regulating GABA in the brain to test orientation selectivity and direction selectivity. They used newborn mice in the study that were "gene-edited" in order to decrease the percentage of GABA produced in the brain.

I am aware of many gene editing models like CRISPR in that they exist, but not in how they work. Do most studies now use this? If so, what is the process? Is there a standard for what mice are used?

submitted by /u/l0lprincess
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How do people develop 'dominant' eyes? Why are there dominant eyes in the first place?

Posted: 13 May 2020 09:36 AM PDT

Also related, I've wondered how this process differs between animals i.e dogs, insects, fish.

Are there people with two or no dominant eyes? How different would their vision be?

submitted by /u/Jageurnut
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Why would anyone take the covid-19 vaccine if the virus is found to have more than a 100 mutations? Isn't virus mutation the reason we don't have a cold, pneumonia or effective influenza vaccine?

Posted: 14 May 2020 07:58 AM PDT

Covid-19 seems like one of the most contagious diseases known - is it? How does it compare to other diseases?

Posted: 13 May 2020 04:13 PM PDT

It seems like Covid-19's mode of transmission (airborne droplets) plus its just absurdly long asymptomatic incubation period combine to create an extremely contagious disease - one that can be spread by unaware carriers for a very long time in the course of their normal activities. I've never heard of anything remotely this bad; it seems like even things like the common cold have only a couple of days of incubation, and most other diseases that are in principle highly contagious require people to do relatively unusual things (e.g. come into contact with feces) to actually catch them.

Is Covid-19, then, near or at the top of the list of 'most contagious diseases ever'? And for scale and context, what else is on that list?

submitted by /u/sjiveru
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Does pressure matter in purely conductive heat transfer?

Posted: 13 May 2020 11:43 AM PDT

My initial thought was that it should matter and is easily testable, touch something hot very lightly vs grasping it firmly will result in a different amount of heat being transferred. But, I would assume that that is because of two things; the time it takes to grasp it more firm would result in more heat transfer and grasping it more firm would eliminate the two surfaces not being in flat contact with each other so you don't experience the full surface conduction. So, eliminating those two factors, let's say its two perfectly flat surfaces in contact but one area has more pressure applied from both sides does that area transfer heat better?

submitted by /u/FruitySploosh
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Wednesday, May 13, 2020

If solar cells turn the sun's energy into electricity, do solar cells reduce heat that would otherwise be absorbed by the ground?

If solar cells turn the sun's energy into electricity, do solar cells reduce heat that would otherwise be absorbed by the ground?


If solar cells turn the sun's energy into electricity, do solar cells reduce heat that would otherwise be absorbed by the ground?

Posted: 12 May 2020 05:21 PM PDT

For example, what is the impact of 1sq meter of solar panels versus 1sq meter of sunlight on regular ground in regards to thermal energy. Does solar efficiency play a role?

Lots of articles talk about how polar caps are important for reflecting incoming sunlight back into space. I was wondering how some of the technologies and materials we place outside affect the net thermal energy captured by the planet.

So controlling other variables (weather, greenhouse gases, etc.) what impact do these types of materials have on warming the planet? In the extreme, would a planet completely covered in solar panels be a different temperature than one that does not?

submitted by /u/Mooseman1020
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AskScience AMA Series: Hello, Reddit. I'm Dr. Darío Gil, Director of IBM Research. I lead innovation efforts at IBM, directing research strategies in areas including AI, cloud, quantum computing, and exploratory science. AMA!

Posted: 13 May 2020 04:00 AM PDT

Hello, Reddit. I'm Dr. Darío Gil, Director of IBM Research. I lead innovation efforts at IBM, directing research strategies in areas including AI, cloud, quantum computing, and exploratory science. Under my leadership IBM became the first company in the world to build programmable quantum computers and make them universally available through the cloud.

I recently was appointed a member of the National Science Board, and as an advocate of collaborative research models, I also co-chair the COVID-19 High-Performance Computing Consortium, which provides access to the world's most powerful high-performance computing resources in support of COVID-19 research.

IBM is simultaneously creating the supercomputers of tomorrow: quantum computers. Ask me anything about the next great frontier of computing: quantum!

Watch my Think 2020 Innovation Talk- "The Quantum Era of Accelerated Discovery" here: https://ibm.co/2SMGE3H

Proof: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6665660556973785088/

Username: DarioGil

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How does the rotation of the earth affect air travel?

Posted: 12 May 2020 07:09 PM PDT

When you take a flight, one can imagine how you can either fly along with the rotation of the earth or against it.

Yet a quick google search shows, a flight from New York to Tokyo is about the same time as a flight from Tokyo to New York.

Why is this, and how exactly does the rotation of the earth affect our air travel?

submitted by /u/stevezease
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Can you tell a right eye from a left eye like you can with bones?

Posted: 12 May 2020 11:23 PM PDT

I know that with bones, you can tell which side of the body it came from due to its morphology, but an eye is ovoid. If someone were to find just an eye, could they be able to figure out which side the eye came from? If so, what indicates the difference? Or is it too difficult to tell because of its specific shape?

submitted by /u/MagnoliaCottage
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Why is cancer rare in fat cells?

Posted: 13 May 2020 03:25 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 13 May 2020 08:08 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

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If you were watching a video that was streaming from a server located on the other side of the world and the server was destroyed by a major asteroid impact (one that could potentially wipe out all life on earth), would your video disconnect before you heard the explosion?

Posted: 12 May 2020 11:03 PM PDT

I hope I got the flair right..

submitted by /u/SrcArry
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How come only about 10% of people are left-handed and not 50%? Why does nature "prefer" the right hand to be the dominant one?

Posted: 13 May 2020 03:50 AM PDT

Why is it that heat always rises? Does heat always rise? are there exceptions?

Posted: 13 May 2020 05:51 AM PDT

It seems like a really simple question but I genuinely don't understand why hot goes up..

submitted by /u/bkdrex
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Why are people unable to speak in unison on Zoom? Example the closing prayer in AA meetings.

Posted: 13 May 2020 05:36 AM PDT

At the end of AA meetings we often end with a recitation of the serenity prayer - and in real life it is pretty much said in sync. Not completely but close. In Zoom meetings everybody seems to have their own pace and it's all over the place. I get it that the signal has to go to a server somewhere and back but 180k miles per second is pretty fast and it does not seem like it would be as far off as it is. Is it that our ears can distinguish such small differences?

submitted by /u/Slipacre
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Do blind people sleep longer than sighted people? My 8 year old wore a sleep mask last night and didn't wake up at 6 am for once.

Posted: 13 May 2020 01:43 AM PDT

Why are we unable to develop a cure for the herpes simplex virus and cold sores, but it's possible to develop one for something more devastating like coronaviruses?

Posted: 12 May 2020 11:04 PM PDT

How is a large app simultaneously worked on by multiple developers?

Posted: 12 May 2020 06:10 PM PDT

I'm pretty new to servers/backend, but as far as I know, if an app is closed-source, how are developers able to access the code, and change it, while this process is simultaneous across different departments and such?

submitted by /u/kevinjing11
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The magnetic poles of the earth have been moving towards eachother and its strength has been decreasing by 5 percent per year, so is that caused by global warming ?

Posted: 13 May 2020 04:06 AM PDT

I had been reading some articles lately that was talking about the begining of a polar flip (which takes a long time) and it was discussing how that was effecting the strength of the magnetosphere. I was wondering if this is caused by global warming or is it increasing global warming? It seems like it would at least add too it, but it always seems like either good articles dont want to touch the global warming aspect or they are click bait looking to take all the blame off fossil fuels. It would really be nice to know from someone who actually has studied this, and isn't pushing an agenda.

submitted by /u/SirCouncil
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Why did it take humans so long to discover agriculture? Why did we not discover it in the last inter glacial period?

Posted: 13 May 2020 01:47 AM PDT

I googled something along the lines of this and only founded it posed as an open question on a khan academy page: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/birth-agriculture-neolithic-revolution/a/where-did-agriculture-come-from

submitted by /u/perioddotperiod
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How are the polytropic constant, adiabatic index, and central density chosen for simple TOV neutron star models?

Posted: 12 May 2020 09:18 PM PDT

I am a bit confused (and getting a little frustrated) trying to get a straight answer about these.

For a bit of background, I'm a 3rd year grad student in physics but my program has not had a course offering in GR available since a year before I started. I have been trying to self teach basic GR, and have successfully derived the TOV equation in between all the normal grad student/TA duties.

But, there are three things I am still quite unclear about: the polytropic constant used for neutron star models (I've seen 0.25, 100, 5.38x109 and 1), the adiabatic index gamma (I've seen 4/3, 5/3, and 2), and central density (I've seen 1 used, but generally is unstated).

I'm just hoping to get clarity on these choices, in the hope of putting together a simple TOV numerical solver in Python that gives the 1.44 solar mass, approx 10 km result to see it with my own work, if possible.

Cheers, stay safe and healthy, and thanks for any elucidation!

submitted by /u/Deacon_Black
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In the 1957 asian flu outbreak, a vaccine was ready after 2 months of development. Why can't we produce a vaccine for Covid-20 in the same amount of time?

Posted: 12 May 2020 01:23 PM PDT

When I press backspace or delete on a letter as I'm typing, where does it go?

Posted: 12 May 2020 11:49 PM PDT

I guess what I'm really getting at is what's the logic behind how text appears/disappears/moves?

What is the data structure that stores text as I'm editing it?

How am I able to copy something and paste it in the middle of text multiple lines/pages above?

submitted by /u/420TreeHugger
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Why do we create igM antibodies first?

Posted: 12 May 2020 02:19 PM PDT

My understanding is when a t cell activates a b cell it goes into germinal center and goes through class switching. Shouldn't we start off with igG antibodies first?

submitted by /u/XS905
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Why must Venturi respirator valves be replaced every 8 hours?

Posted: 12 May 2020 02:01 PM PDT

This is the valve type that was in short supply, so some people started 3D printing replacements.

submitted by /u/Dr_Faux
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Is there evidency of viral latency in COVId19?is anybody ecperiencing lingering effects?

Posted: 12 May 2020 03:50 PM PDT

A lot of reports(check last article in NYtimes) of people that were infected and 3 months later they have lingering effects that appear neurological in nature..does the body can get rid of a virus that is hiding in the brain?have anybody experienced this after the virus?any evidence in favor of viral latenxy on covod19?

submitted by /u/pepperoni93
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