Have any viruses ever moved between vastly different organisms? For example: from Mammals to reptiles, fish to amphibians, plants to invertebrates etc | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, May 14, 2020

Have any viruses ever moved between vastly different organisms? For example: from Mammals to reptiles, fish to amphibians, plants to invertebrates etc

Have any viruses ever moved between vastly different organisms? For example: from Mammals to reptiles, fish to amphibians, plants to invertebrates etc


Have any viruses ever moved between vastly different organisms? For example: from Mammals to reptiles, fish to amphibians, plants to invertebrates etc

Posted: 14 May 2020 03:18 AM PDT

I guess bird flus moving into mammals are a good example of this kind of thing.

I wonder if there is evidence of these kind of jumps happening in other diseases throughout history.

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I saw an asteroid impact calculator and it said the maximum speed of something orbiting the sun is 72km/s. Why?

Posted: 13 May 2020 09:10 AM PDT

Is there really a limit to how fast something can orbit the sun? Why? Does this limit apply to things entering the solar system?

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How come the space station needs to fire a rocket regularly to stay in orbit, but dangerous space junk can stay up there indefinitely?

Posted: 14 May 2020 06:16 AM PDT

What if dark matter is simply ordinary matter trapped inside an enormous number of unobserved black holes?

Posted: 14 May 2020 05:55 AM PDT

I 've been looking for material discussing the issue, but was not able to find something. The question was occasioned by the very recent observation of a black hole that lies only 1,120 light years away from the Sun.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR_6819

So what if galaxies' missing mass (dark matter) is trapped inside black holes? If so, and taking into account their known range of sizes, how many black holes would be required to exist in our galaxy, in order to host the total amount of missing mass ?

Sorry if the question sounds dump, but I am really curious on the topic.

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If the leap second causes so many technical problems, can’t the length of a second just be slightly altered?

Posted: 13 May 2020 10:37 PM PDT

If the length of a second was slightly altered (By like less than a millionth of a second) then there wouldn't be a leap second every few years, minimising the amount of technical problems it causes with online booking etc. New devices and devices connected to the internet could just have their second redefined and it wouldn't be necessary to change any clocks that aren't connected to the internet.

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How are vaccines against dangerous viruses tested?

Posted: 13 May 2020 10:01 PM PDT

Theoretically, I would expect that a group of people are given the vaccine and another group of the same size are given a placebo. Then all people of both groups are exposed to the virus to see if there's a significant difference between the 2 groups.

But surely, it would be unethical to expose healthy people to a dangerous virus, especially if they're only given a placebo. How does this work?

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Why are blood clots a common complication of medically induced comas?

Posted: 13 May 2020 07:42 PM PDT

I just read the news about Nick Cordero's amputation during an induced coma to treat COVID. A similar situation happened to my grandma in the past. Appreciate any explanations, thanks!

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Everyone talks about the live(hot) wire being dangerous but can the neutral wire also be dangerous because current flows through it too?

Posted: 13 May 2020 10:49 PM PDT

Can a virus mutate to be less deadly?

Posted: 13 May 2020 11:51 PM PDT

Since mutation ocurs randomly and can involve many different characteristics, is it possible that a virus (or bacteria) could become less deadly over time, or would natural selection eliminate that? Is being deadly/gravely impacting the carrier the most important factor to determine the success of a given strain?

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Say at a certain time a satellite with an eccentric orbit had an apogee that was pointed away from the Sun as it orbited around Earth. Would the apogee always be pointed away from the Sun or would it be pointed towards the Sun when the Earth has completed half an orbit?

Posted: 14 May 2020 04:56 AM PDT

I was just wondering this recently when I was thinking about eccentric orbits, and I'm not really sure what the answer would be. I've drawn a diagram explaining it better: https://imgur.com/OtVZdsc

The blue dot is Earth, the yellow dot is the Sun, and the red circle is the hypothetical orbit of this satellite. As Earth travels around the sun, would the orbit 1 or orbit 2 be the most correct orbit of the satellite at varying times along Earth's orbit?

submitted by /u/Russian_Bot66
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Why do winds not affect the oxygen levels?

Posted: 14 May 2020 04:19 AM PDT

If warm air rises, it should carry oxygen with it, and cold air from the upper atmosphere should be less oxygen rich. Why doesn't this change the oxygen level? Or does it?

submitted by /u/NooaJ
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Why does sound transfer through objects and still sound loud?

Posted: 14 May 2020 01:15 AM PDT

Sorry Idk what catagory this belongs in...

Hi I just thought of this earlier today while laying on my floor petting my cat and she went and scratched the couch and while she was doing that I had my ear up against my couch arm across from it. I was wondering why does it sound louder when you have your ear against the object even if its being touched on the farther end is still louder than the person standing closer to whatever is touching the object?

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Hello, this is sort of a shower thought but I was watching something on the first great extinction and it got me thinking. Would there be dirt on earth if living things never existed?

Posted: 14 May 2020 12:50 AM PDT

My guess is no and that dirt is a product of the death and waste of living things but I do not know for sure. It seems so weird to think that a rocky planet without life would have no dirt but it could also make sense. Thanks in advance!

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Do gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria represent two independent phylogenetic clades?

Posted: 13 May 2020 03:35 PM PDT

In other words, are gram negatives and gram positives two separate evolutionary groups? If so, was their common ancestor negative or positive? If not, does this mean that the peptidoglycan / lipopolysaccharide capsules evolved multiple times independently? I can't seem to find a clear answer for this.

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Why is soap effective against viruses?

Posted: 13 May 2020 08:24 PM PDT

I have heard that coronavirus is enveloped in oil and soap pops this, which removes the virus from your skin when you wash the soap off. Is the same for other viruses as well? Are there viruses that are not enveloped in oil and therefore not effected by soap?

submitted by /u/Throwmeout43212345
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How are mice genetically modified to conduct research?

Posted: 13 May 2020 01:26 PM PDT

This is kind of a large, general question as there are probably many ways to do it, but when a study is approved how do the researchers edit the group of mice they want to compare to the control?

For example, I was reading a paper about down regulating GABA in the brain to test orientation selectivity and direction selectivity. They used newborn mice in the study that were "gene-edited" in order to decrease the percentage of GABA produced in the brain.

I am aware of many gene editing models like CRISPR in that they exist, but not in how they work. Do most studies now use this? If so, what is the process? Is there a standard for what mice are used?

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How do people develop 'dominant' eyes? Why are there dominant eyes in the first place?

Posted: 13 May 2020 09:36 AM PDT

Also related, I've wondered how this process differs between animals i.e dogs, insects, fish.

Are there people with two or no dominant eyes? How different would their vision be?

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Why would anyone take the covid-19 vaccine if the virus is found to have more than a 100 mutations? Isn't virus mutation the reason we don't have a cold, pneumonia or effective influenza vaccine?

Posted: 14 May 2020 07:58 AM PDT

Covid-19 seems like one of the most contagious diseases known - is it? How does it compare to other diseases?

Posted: 13 May 2020 04:13 PM PDT

It seems like Covid-19's mode of transmission (airborne droplets) plus its just absurdly long asymptomatic incubation period combine to create an extremely contagious disease - one that can be spread by unaware carriers for a very long time in the course of their normal activities. I've never heard of anything remotely this bad; it seems like even things like the common cold have only a couple of days of incubation, and most other diseases that are in principle highly contagious require people to do relatively unusual things (e.g. come into contact with feces) to actually catch them.

Is Covid-19, then, near or at the top of the list of 'most contagious diseases ever'? And for scale and context, what else is on that list?

submitted by /u/sjiveru
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Does pressure matter in purely conductive heat transfer?

Posted: 13 May 2020 11:43 AM PDT

My initial thought was that it should matter and is easily testable, touch something hot very lightly vs grasping it firmly will result in a different amount of heat being transferred. But, I would assume that that is because of two things; the time it takes to grasp it more firm would result in more heat transfer and grasping it more firm would eliminate the two surfaces not being in flat contact with each other so you don't experience the full surface conduction. So, eliminating those two factors, let's say its two perfectly flat surfaces in contact but one area has more pressure applied from both sides does that area transfer heat better?

submitted by /u/FruitySploosh
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