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Monday, May 4, 2020

Can an entomologist please give a further explanation of Asian Giant Hornet situation in Washington state and British Columbia?

Can an entomologist please give a further explanation of Asian Giant Hornet situation in Washington state and British Columbia?


Can an entomologist please give a further explanation of Asian Giant Hornet situation in Washington state and British Columbia?

Posted: 03 May 2020 10:03 AM PDT

I have a B.S. in biology so I'm not looking for an explanation of how invasive species. I'm looking for more information on this particular invasive species and how it might impact an already threatened honey bee population.

submitted by /u/The_bruce42
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AskScience AMA Series: I am astrophysicist Mario Livio, author of Galileo and the Science Deniers, and six other popular science books, AMA about astrophysics, black holes, Dark Energy, life in the universe, the Golden Ratio, and more. AMA!

Posted: 04 May 2020 04:00 AM PDT

I am an astrophysicist and author of Galileo and the Science Deniers. I am a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.You can see a few of my presentations and interviews (including one on Jon Stewart's show) at: https://www.mario-livio.com. I have published more than 400 scientific papers on topics ranging from Dark Energy and cosmology to black holes and extrasolar planets.

My new book, Galileo and the Science Deniers, explains many of Galileo's important discoveries and describes his fight for intellectual freedom and against science denial. Centuries later, we unfortunately still encounter science denial, and we cannot take intellectual freedom for granted.

I also authored six other popular science books, including "The Golden Ratio" (an International Bestseller which was awarded the "Peano Prize" and the "International Pythagoras Prize") and "Is God A Mathematician?" (which was the basis for the 2016 Emmy-nominated NOVA program "The Great Math Mystery"). My book "Brilliant Blunders" was a national bestseller, and was selected by the Washington Post as one of the "2013 Best Books of the Year."

Thanks to the moderators for hosting me and I look forward to discussing Galileo, astrophysics, and the importance of science. I'll be ready at 2pm (ET, 18 UT), AMA!

Username: mariolivio

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What is it about STEM CELLS that make them so effective?

Posted: 04 May 2020 07:13 AM PDT

So in UAE Stem Cell Centre, they extracted stem cells of the patient, activated it, turned it into a mist and made the patient sniff it. This apparently regenerated lung cells and modulated the immune response to keep it from overreacting to the COVID-19 infection and causing further damage to healthy cells.

It worked successfully on all the 73 patients without any side-effects.

So how did this process exactly worked? And why are stem cells so imp in generating specific healthy cells?

submitted by /u/shreyaspandit
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If plasmid has two sites of the same type of restriction enzyme. If we add that type of enzyme, then we will cut the plasmid in both sites, or just cut one ?

Posted: 04 May 2020 07:11 AM PDT

If plasmid has two sites of the same type of restriction enzyme. If we add that type of enzyme, then we will cut the plasmid in both sites, or just cut one ?

submitted by /u/Bananaleafss
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How would Continental Drift Affect the climate on a planet around an M type star?

Posted: 04 May 2020 05:31 AM PDT

I am a bit of a world builder, but I would like a more scientific answer. I know that the planet (if it is habitable) will be divided into rough day, night, and twilight sides, but those would seems variable in range. Plate tectonics, mountains, and volcanic eruption would certainly all play roles in how big each of these three zones would be. I am just curious how.

submitted by /u/MarkCrystalSword
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Why is americium used in smoke detectors and not any other transuranic element?

Posted: 03 May 2020 10:39 PM PDT

From what I know, americium-241 is used in smoke detectors as it is an alpha emitter, which ionizes air when it decays. Is there a reason as to why this isotope is used and not other radioactive isotopes? Or is americium just much easier to produce on an industrial scale?

submitted by /u/Ciltan
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Two Questions. First, Black holes are said to have infinite density. If that's the case, wouldn't their gravitational influence instantaneously suck in the entire universe? Second. If a singularity just 1 dimension, how does a black hole have spin? Don't they need multiple dimensions to rotate?

Posted: 04 May 2020 01:52 AM PDT

To further clarify.

The first question. If they had infinite density, wouldnt that mean that an object at the event horizon would feel the same powerful pull as an object 50 light years away, or even further?

The second question. I think i did a well enough job asking but if you need me to be more clear about the question, i'll gladly update with an edit.

submitted by /u/PewPewLazrs101
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Can animals recognize neotonic features in other animals and is there any evidence that they respond differently to baby animals (other than seeing them as easy prey) in the way humans fawn over kittens?

Posted: 03 May 2020 05:28 PM PDT

How is the collapse of the wavefunction instantaneous?

Posted: 04 May 2020 04:10 AM PDT

The way I see it is that there is an input (observation) that yields an output (result of eigenvector decomposition of observation matrix). To me this seems like an energy intensive process, after all it is a change of state.

I am aware that no evidence has been found yet for a finite time of wave function collapse, and the commonly held belief is that the process is instantaneous.

So my question is, how is this physically possible?

Is it not more likely that the wave function collapse occurs over a finite timescale that is smaller than we have currently been able to measure?

If you were to mathematically describe the process to a computer, it would require processing time to reach the answer. Is the mathematical formulation of the problem the reason then for the processing time?

What I mean to say is, eigenvector decomposition seems to be a energy intensive process. So how can the system do it instantaneously? Or does the system not do it at all, and the mathematical formulation is just our way of understanding the underlying physics, whereby the underlying physics does it in a non energetically intensive way?

Please correct me where I'm wrong, it's been a while since university.

submitted by /u/romenotbuiltinday
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The Wikipedia article for ECC memory states that neutron flux is 3.5 times higher at the common cruising altitude for most aircraft than at sea level. Why do common personal computers not encounter errors on airlines?

Posted: 03 May 2020 05:15 PM PDT

Here is the article in reference.

It goes on to state that the systems on the aircraft are specially designed to account for this (I presume they use ECC RAM). Why don't laptops and phones with standard RAM encounter more memory errors during flights? Is it simply that they do but the user doesn't realise it?

submitted by /u/lamerlink
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Can children or adolescents develop Alzheimer's ??

Posted: 03 May 2020 05:34 PM PDT

My old neighbour texted me to catch up, he's a lot younger (15 or 16 years old) but then he said he was diagnosed with alzheimers since moving back to germany. I tried googling it but cant seem to find any legit cases of children with alzheimers.. does anyone have any input?

submitted by /u/lifeofbree
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How strongly does color perception depend on the language used?

Posted: 03 May 2020 03:16 PM PDT

I recently came across this explaining that brown is just dark-orange. The only reason wee see it as a distinct color is, because we gave it its own name. So dou you know a language where brown is just called "dark-orange" and if they see it as dark-orange? Or do they have an own name for a color we don't have and therefore see it as an own color? And do you know of any other case where our language controls our perception?

submitted by /u/simonmarcher
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Why do dogs have little slits on the outside of their nose?

Posted: 03 May 2020 10:27 AM PDT

When I get really close to my dog, I see small slits on the sides of his nose. What are these for?

submitted by /u/manghokage
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How does radiocarbon dating work on manmade structures?

Posted: 03 May 2020 10:48 PM PDT

I have a general understanding of how radiocarbon dating works. But I was recently reading the Wikipedia page for Stonehenge and read the following:

"Radiocarbon dating suggests that the first bluestones were raised between 2400 and 2200 BC, although they may have been at the site as early as 3000 BC."

How would radiocarbon dating work on an inorganic substance? Furthermore, how could they date the construction of the Stonehenge with radiocarbon dating?

submitted by /u/pkp434
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What are the main problems to performing a successful head transplant?

Posted: 03 May 2020 10:19 AM PDT

I ask this question as I remembered a scientist recently claimed to be able to transplant heads (body?) successfully, his name was Sergio Canavero, He made a lot of claims but haven't heard from him in awhile, So I wanted to know what's the feasibility of his plan working and what would be the greatest barriers to success.

submitted by /u/RevolutionaryDrive5
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Why do some vaccines grant lifelong immunity, but others don’t?

Posted: 03 May 2020 11:28 AM PDT

What happened during Earth's "Dark Age," or the first 500 million years after it formed?

Posted: 03 May 2020 09:29 AM PDT

What specific chemical properties of carbon dioxide causes the greenhouse effect? Why, chemically, is carbon more reflective than other gases?

Posted: 03 May 2020 12:52 PM PDT

what is a Lagrangian function? in the context of SM Field Theory

Posted: 03 May 2020 05:46 PM PDT

Now first off, I would like to recognize that this is something that generally is only understood by completing multi-variable calculus and high level physics courses. However, the highest math I have is very basic calculus and College Physics 1. And outside of waiting x years this seemed like the best place to get answers.

The question essentially boils down too, if a paper was referring to a theorist constructing a Lagrangian function in the context of quantum field theory, what, function would that equation serve?

The specific context is: "Weinberg constructed a Lagrangian that includes all matter particles 'plus a spin-zero doublet' whose vacuum expectation value will break T (Gauge group generators) and Y (Hypercharge gauge group generators) and give an electron its mass"

TL;DR: High school student annotating a paper, came across the Lagrangian function but have no idea what it might be used for

submitted by /u/CR20dragon
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Can monkeys get the Coronavirus?

Posted: 03 May 2020 11:29 AM PDT

Why is there a hole at Saturn's pole?

Posted: 03 May 2020 05:58 AM PDT

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn%27s_hexagon#Explanations_for_hexagon_shape

There are theories about the hexagon but not much reason given for the matter or gases being sucked into a hole there ?

submitted by /u/shadyb0nez
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Sunday, May 3, 2020

AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII

AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII


AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII

Posted: 24 Jan 2020 05:32 PM PST

Please read this entire post carefully and format your application appropriately.

This post is for new panelist recruitment! The previous one is here.

The panel is an informal group of redditors who are either professional scientists or those in training to become so. All panelists have at least a graduate-level familiarity within their declared field of expertise and answer questions from related areas of study. A panelist's expertise is summarized in a color-coded AskScience flair.

Membership in the panel comes with access to a panelist subreddit. It is a place for panelists to interact with each other, voice concerns to the moderators, and where the moderators make announcements to the whole panel. It's a good place to network with people who share your interests!


You are eligible to join the panel if you:

  • Are studying for at least an MSc. or equivalent degree in the sciences, AND,

  • Are able to communicate your knowledge of your field at a level accessible to various audiences.


Instructions for formatting your panelist application:

  • Choose exactly one general field from the side-bar (Physics, Engineering, Social Sciences, etc.).

  • State your specific field in one word or phrase (Neuropathology, Quantum Chemistry, etc.)

  • Succinctly describe your particular area of research in a few words (carbon nanotube dielectric properties, myelin sheath degradation in Parkinsons patients, etc.)

  • Give us a brief synopsis of your education: are you a research scientist for three decades, or a first-year Ph.D. student?

  • Provide links to comments you've made in AskScience which you feel are indicative of your scholarship. Applications will not be approved without several comments made in /r/AskScience itself.


Ideally, these comments should clearly indicate your fluency in the fundamentals of your discipline as well as your expertise. We favor comments that contain citations so we can assess its correctness without specific domain knowledge.

Here's an example application:

 Username: /u/foretopsail General field: Anthropology Specific field: Maritime Archaeology Particular areas of research include historical archaeology, archaeometry, and ship construction. Education: MA in archaeology, researcher for several years. Comments: 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Please do not give us personally identifiable information and please follow the template. We're not going to do real-life background checks - we're just asking for reddit's best behavior. However, several moderators are tasked with monitoring panelist activity, and your credentials will be checked against the academic content of your posts on a continuing basis.

You can submit your application by replying to this post.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why do moles grow such long hairs?

Posted: 02 May 2020 01:29 PM PDT

Some moles grow hairs much longer than the surrounding area, why?

submitted by /u/Mas-Picante
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Why does humidity affect viruses?

Posted: 02 May 2020 08:12 AM PDT

"High Humidity Leads to Loss of Infectious Influenza Virus from Simulated Coughs" says a 2013 paper however it does not explain what the mechanism is.

This may have important implications for SARS-CoV-2.

EDIT: In response to the top (incorrect) comment (841 votes) by u/adaminc: Gravitational settling is an insignificant factor if we go by the the paper, which says...

*settling can remove over 80% of airborne influenza 10 minutes after a cough and that RH increases the removal efficiency only slightly from 87% to 92% over the range of RHs*

I did replyto that post but the Reddit algorithm meant my comment wasn't seen by many people so I have added it here in the original post.

submitted by /u/sqgl
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Why is it not possible to discover the location / direction of where the big bang started?

Posted: 03 May 2020 07:30 AM PDT

If, for example, using the balloon theory, could you not anchor certain points and measure the movement of objects/galaxies and compare the data, would you not eventually be able to discover the location or direction of where the matter is moving from / in / expanding towards to?

Are we simply lacking the technology to do the measurements (if we got past the problem of red shifting for example) or is there scientific reasons we can not do it?

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Is there a limit to how many different antibodies can a human body have?

Posted: 03 May 2020 04:57 AM PDT

Will the Milky Way galaxy collapse inside its black hole at the center?

Posted: 03 May 2020 06:43 AM PDT

If I'm not mistaken, the galaxy is spinning and there's a black hole at the center. So will the arms of the galaxy eventually get swallowed by the black hole at the center? Is this how the Earth will end? Or will the sun run out of energy before that?

submitted by /u/PleasantSport
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I am a tech guy and have been devoting quite a few resources to Folding@Home for COVID-19. Does this work actually benefit research?

Posted: 03 May 2020 12:18 AM PDT

Quite a few of my engineers are expressing skepticism for this project, and I totally get it.

submitted by /u/remotelove
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How is the probability of false positives determined?

Posted: 02 May 2020 11:09 PM PDT

Dr. Birx has said that the covid tests are not a 100% sensitive or specific. She didn't say how accurate the tests are, but she gave a hypothetical example of a 99% accurate test and said that if 1% of the tested population actually has the disease, a positive test result would be correct 50% of the time and incorrect 50% of the time. How does that work? Is there a formula? Is there a name for this kind of probability modeling?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptKvTuXbjZE

submitted by /u/Supersox22
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Has anything been discovered about viruses or the immune system because of COVID-19?

Posted: 02 May 2020 04:29 PM PDT

Has anything general been discovered or has everything we have learned been specific to this virus specifically?

submitted by /u/AlbinoBeefalo
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How can electricity nearly move at the speed of light if electrons can’t move at such speeds without an enormous amount of energy?

Posted: 02 May 2020 05:28 AM PDT

Why is copper creep resistant, but also ductile?

Posted: 02 May 2020 01:51 PM PDT

This may be more due to me not quite understanding what creep is, but to my understanding, a metal that is ductile is a metal that can deform plastically but creep is a form of plastic deformation. How can copper be both creep resistant but also ductile?

submitted by /u/lemonlazarus
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What is the meaning of negative and positive current?

Posted: 02 May 2020 10:10 AM PDT

So I am wondering, positive current just means it is in the direction that positive charge would flow. Therefore it follows negative current would be in the direction that negative charge would flow. My question is, is the current negative because of the sign of the charge or because it flows in the opposite direction as positive? I know current is defined as dq/dt so it makes sense that dq would be negative with negative charges moving, but the charges could have had different names not involving arithmetic signs right? What is positive charge was red and negative charge was blue and we defined positive current as direction that red charge would move, then negative current couldn't be a result of the sign of the charge but rather the direction, right? Or maybe we only use a convention that allows for the sign on the charge to matter because the names of the charges were assigned that way? Perhaps the convention would be completely different if they were named red and blue?

submitted by /u/tmt22459
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How damaging can a earthquake be to a human not near any buildings/destroyable objects?

Posted: 02 May 2020 10:43 PM PDT

If a human was standing on a open field with no objects to be destroyed. How much damage could a centralized earthquake do the person. 7 magnitude for a general value if needed.

submitted by /u/CJ_Sucks_at_life
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What is holding Remdesivir back from fully stopping COVID or any virus in general?

Posted: 02 May 2020 10:38 PM PDT

I know that the drug is a nucleoside analog that is supposed to, when added to the viral base sequence, change the sequence to code for the termination of viral replication once incorporated into the viral DNA, and once Polymerase and other Viral TFs try to transcribe it. Is the issue with the drug getting into the cell, or getting it into the virion? If the latter, is that why this spike protein is so important, to find an entryway into the virion? Also, what happens to that DNA once replication is terminated? Is it degraded, or does It still have potential to be expressed again?

submitted by /u/terrancethequeef
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Could a New Madrid fault line earthquake create a drop in elevation?

Posted: 02 May 2020 01:33 PM PDT

Could a big earthquake cause the area to sink and reverse the flow of the Mississippi and create a sea or bay of sorts?

submitted by /u/Mas-Picante
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Does caronavirus mutate between every person?

Posted: 02 May 2020 07:23 PM PDT

If we were able to fully sequence it on every person, would we be able to use to nearly perfectly trace the transmission path?

submitted by /u/frenchtoaster
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Saturday, May 2, 2020

How did the SARS 2002-2004 outbreak (SARS-CoV-1) end?

How did the SARS 2002-2004 outbreak (SARS-CoV-1) end?


How did the SARS 2002-2004 outbreak (SARS-CoV-1) end?

Posted: 01 May 2020 02:29 PM PDT

Sorry if this isn't the right place, couldn't find anything online when I searched it.

submitted by /u/TheWabster
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Why are antiviral medications so much less prevalent than antibacterial?

Posted: 01 May 2020 12:55 PM PDT

It seems like we have a lot of defenses against bacterial infections, and have had them for quite some time. I'm curious why it appears that anti-viral equivalents are so much less pervasive? And the ones we have, seem so much more dangerous than the antibacterial counterparts.

submitted by /u/s_dandylion
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Assuming I have 2 CFL bulbs of the same Wattage, that emit the same amount of lumens but one of them has a warmer color temperature. Will there be any difference in the amount of heat they produce?

Posted: 01 May 2020 08:02 PM PDT

Can we use soap and water to clean everything instead of using disinfectant?

Posted: 02 May 2020 12:28 AM PDT

They have explained to us that we should wash our hands with soap and water because the soap rips apart the outer lipid / fatty layer of the virus and destroys it.

So why do we need lysol, Clorox, multi purpose cleaners, alcohol, bleach etc. if soap and water are so effective at destroying the virus?

I do understand that hand sanitizer is necessary for the times when we do not have access to running water BUT why can't we just clean our countertops, floors and other surfaces with just soap and water?

Why can't we spray soapy water onto surfaces to destroy that outer lipid layer and destroy the virus then wipe it away?

Thanks

submitted by /u/NYCddHH
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How do surgical masks become ineffective?

Posted: 02 May 2020 12:27 AM PDT

I was told that surgical masks last shorter/becomes less effective if used in a hospital compare to say when you go out for groceries.

But how does it become ineffective exactly? Does it get saturated like a cloth getting wet, or filters trapping dust?

On a similar note, if the virus can only survive on surfaces for certain amount of time:

If we leave a used mask/clothings untouched for that amount of time, does that make it safe to use again?

If we can disinfect clothings and other surfaces, why can't masks be disinfected?

submitted by /u/acres41
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What makes outside air smell fresh?

Posted: 02 May 2020 12:14 AM PDT

What is it that makes the air from outside feel so refreshing when I let it mix with the "neutral" feeling air of my bedroom? Is there something in the air outside that somehow dissipates when it's enclosed somewhere for a while? Is something psychological going on? What's up with that good-feeling air?

submitted by /u/Cheddre
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Why do Saturn’s rings stay in rings?

Posted: 02 May 2020 12:32 AM PDT

As far as I know, the rings are made out of ice and just space debris I guess that are stuck in orbit around the planet (again as far as I know I'm guessing it would be similar to how our moon orbits us). But what makes them stay flat the way they are? If they're in orbit in the first place because of gravity, why aren't they pulled closer to the planet, in more of a spherical shell around it or something?

submitted by /u/surprsie
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What is the most optimal shape for a glass to keep my beverage cold ?

Posted: 01 May 2020 03:46 PM PDT

I just took a cold beverage out of the fridge and I wondered what shape of glass would be perfect to keep the beverage cold the longest. Would a spherical glass have less surface to take heat from? Or would for example a high but small diameter cylindrical glass be better? Or would they behave the same? What would be the ideal ratio between beverage-to-glass and beverage-to-air surface size? (while still considering the glass to be drinkable from)

submitted by /u/LogLeg_
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Is it possible that COVID-19 was endemic previously?

Posted: 01 May 2020 12:37 PM PDT

Over the past couple weeks, I've heard from several people that they're convinced they caught COVID-19 before this pandemic happened.

For instance, my Mom visited Disneyland three months ago, and about ten days after she got back, she got sick with all the classic symptoms. (Dry cough, loss of taste and smell, fever, etc.) This is obviously a very small sample size, but as I've heard from more and more people that feel the same way, I began to wonder.

Is it even remotely feasible that COVID-19 could have already spread across the world, and now that we've noticed it and are testing for it, we see the pandemic? It seems like a long shot and I know there's something wrong with my logic, but I can't put my finger on it.

submitted by /u/MatchCut1927
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Difficulties in mass producing antibodies?

Posted: 02 May 2020 03:00 AM PDT

Our pharmaceutical companies seem to have little problem synthesizing the molecules of their chemical drugs on a mass scale.

Why is mass producing proteins and antibodies so much more difficult? We still have to use convalescent plasma from living donors to provide antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies don't seem to be produced on a mass scale.

Is it because proteins like antibodies are many many times more massive and complex than the molecules synthesized in traditional drugs?

submitted by /u/rabidsoggymoose
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When steel decomposes completely does it turn back into carbon and iron?

Posted: 01 May 2020 03:59 PM PDT

My wife and I have been talking about composting and things decomposing. (Context - planning for our apocalypse farm and discussing the different ways to get rid of trash).

If you bury steel in the ground, what would happen? How long would it take?

submitted by /u/m-e-k
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How do viral antibodies interact with molecules that normally make use of virally-"hijacked" cellular transport mechanisms?

Posted: 01 May 2020 11:14 AM PDT

So with everyone thinking about SARS-CoV-2, I will frame my question with examples related to this virus. I'll abbreviate SARS-CoV-2 to CV.

The primary mechanism of infection by CV is uptake by the body's ACE2 receptors. My understanding of cellular receptors is that they are naturally specific and only interact with a very limited range of molecules, with the CV spike protein unfortunately being among them. However, there are plenty of other molecules that act with these ACE2 receptors, molecules produced by the body or some pharmacological body (only pun here!).

Antibodies should be specific to target the virus and not much else, but specificity isn't absolute, as is with the cellular transport machinery. Do we know of cases where the antibodies produced in response an infection also have loose-specificity with other things in the body and can be deleterious?

What would this look like? Would this be an environmental cause of certain autoimmune diseases or allergies? Given the use of ACE inhibitors for management of high blood pressure, could CV antibodies affect the utility of these drugs?

I know plenty isn't known about CV, but figured it would be an appropriate example to describe my thinking about protein specificity, so I'm not looking for just CV responses. Thanks!

submitted by /u/pokepal93
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How do villages and civilizations become buried?

Posted: 01 May 2020 08:18 AM PDT

Archeologists dig up bones, objects, even entire villages 10-20 feet underground. How did they get that far down? Where did all the dirt that is covering them come from? Why aren't we being buried?

submitted by /u/UnexampledSalt
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What Would ER Doctors Do For Someone With A High Heart Rate and High Fever Who Came In After Fainting. Patient Is Mumbling But Still Mostly Passed Out?

Posted: 01 May 2020 11:55 PM PDT

It's not for me it's for a book. The exact numbers I used were a temperature of 108.1 Fahrenheit and a heart rate of 143 over 92. Also, the character is a 10-year-old so should I adjust these numbers to make that more realistic? The doctors don't know what's wrong with him he was just brought into the ER after fainting. I don't know if that is realistic considering what is wrong with him (though the doctors don't know yet) is that he has a blood infection. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

submitted by /u/GabrielAntihero
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On a molecular level, how does cement work?

Posted: 01 May 2020 02:16 PM PDT

What are the differences in new EUA approved Covid-19 rRT-PCR tests?

Posted: 01 May 2020 04:52 PM PDT

So I'm looking into all the new Covid-19 tests being approved for use under EUA and for all the rRT-PCR tests, other then some being multiplexed or being for a specific detecting machine I dont really aee any difference in the 40+ plus new tests. Is all that is differentiating them patented reagents for binding to the N, E, or ORF1ab Gene's of the virus? Has each one found a new way to bind to these Genes to detect them or is there some other difference I'm not understanding or seeing? Hope this question is ok for this sub! Thanks for any information!

submitted by /u/Throwaway47281
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What happens to the sperm when not masturbating?

Posted: 01 May 2020 04:21 PM PDT

ive heard of people not masturbating for a year, but what exactly happens with the sperm thats being produced, doesnt it "overflow" or "spill out" in some kinda way? Or do you after a long period without releasing semen just ejaculate at night during a wet dream or something else

submitted by /u/white0302
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How do the plants completely underwater make their food?

Posted: 01 May 2020 08:41 AM PDT

Where there is total darkness, and the plant is unable to carry out photosynthesis, how does it make its food?

submitted by /u/Th3_WiseWolf
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