If SARS-CoV (2002) and SARS-CoV-19 (aka COVID-19) are so similar (same family of virus, genetically similar, etc.), why did SARS infect around 8,000 while COVID-19 has already reached 1,000,000?

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• If SARS-CoV (2002) and SARS-CoV-19 (aka COVID-19) are so similar (same family of virus, genetically similar, etc.), why did SARS infect around 8,000 while COVID-19 has already reached 1,000,000?
• Until the discussion about SARS-CoV-2, I had no idea you could be infected by a virus and yet have no symptoms. Is it possible that there are many other viruses I've been infected by without ever knowing?
• Why do coronaviruses seem to come from primarily bats?
• Since the CoronaVirus has a limited lifecycle outside of human body (up to 3 days on different surfaces) can the masks left unattended be reused?
• Why does water have a high specific heat?
• Viruses often (usually?) have high specificity to a certain species or small group thereof. What makes rabies so able to hop between distantly-related species?
• What do asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 mean in terms of herd immunity?
• A vaccine for the 2009 H1N1 virus was developed in 3 months (from when it was declared a pandemic). What is different about COVID-19 that makes the required time to develop a vaccine 12-14 months?
• I saw in a post the other day that in some places mosquitos are already active. Could this Covid 19 spread through mosquito bites like malaria did?
• What does "cytopathic effect not observed" mean in context of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2? (study linked in text)
• If some are using the old research of SARS and MERS as a basis to understanding COVID-19, why did they not just finish finding a cure? Surely adding that to the yearly flu vaccines would help. And what is to say that if COVID-19 just disappears, that they won't finish the cure?
• Is amount of exposure to Covid-19 affecting severity of symptoms a testable hypothesis?
• Scientists are debating the ethics of "human challenge studies" to speed up the development of a COVID-19 vaccine. How do scientists normally test the efficacy of vaccines without this type of study?
• If you contract a virus can your body develop certain antibodies that may evolve in your offspring making them better suited against similar future threats?
• Is there a way to account for incomplete and inconsistent testing for COVID-19?
• Does a single virus strain consist of an assortment of different viroids i.e. different function, or are all viroids of a single strain the same identical units?
• When will a vaccine be available for SARS-COV-2?
• Why are we not hearing much (if anything) about the number of unconfirmed cases of Covid19? I know we can't know it properly, but it's not even discussed and there are no attempts at even a guestimate.
• Why has the Corna-virus different names?
• What evolutionary advantage does a virus have if it kills the host?
• How is vaccine effectiveness evaluated?
• How are the projected death numbers for the COVID-19 pandemic calculated?
• Why don't we mass produce monoclonal antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 to be used as therapy?
• How much of one's body weight is being lifted during a push up?

If SARS-CoV (2002) and SARS-CoV-19 (aka COVID-19) are so similar (same family of virus, genetically similar, etc.), why did SARS infect around 8,000 while COVID-19 has already reached 1,000,000? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 02:57 PM PDT So, they're both from the same family, and are similar enough that early cases of COVID-19 were assumed to be SARS-CoV instead. Why, then, despite huge criticisms in the way China handled it, SARS-CoV was limited to around 8,000 cases while COVID-19 has reached 1 million cases and shows no sign of stopping? Is it the virus itself, the way it has been dealt with, a combination of the two, or something else entirely? EDIT! I'm an idiot. I meant SARS-CoV-2, not SARS-CoV-19. Don't worry, there haven't been 17 of the things that have slipped by unnoticed. submitted by /u/KrozJr_UK [link] [comments]

Until the discussion about SARS-CoV-2, I had no idea you could be infected by a virus and yet have no symptoms. Is it possible that there are many other viruses I've been infected by without ever knowing? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 04:04 AM PDT submitted by /u/glutenfreewhitebread [link] [comments]

Why do coronaviruses seem to come from primarily bats? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 07:21 AM PDT I was doing some reading and noticed that both SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS were all presumed to have originated from bats. Why do viruses of this zoonotic origin seem to be on these small mammals as opposed to others and why is that so significant? submitted by /u/mateothegreek [link] [comments]

Since the CoronaVirus has a limited lifecycle outside of human body (up to 3 days on different surfaces) can the masks left unattended be reused? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 09:38 AM PDT If not, why? What are safe ways to disinfect face masks in household conditions? submitted by /u/pierous87 [link] [comments]

Why does water have a high specific heat? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 08:50 AM PDT submitted by /u/dolphin_drizzle [link] [comments]

Viruses often (usually?) have high specificity to a certain species or small group thereof. What makes rabies so able to hop between distantly-related species? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 09:04 AM PDT It's typically a big deal when a virus leaps from one species to another (e.g., humans) because viruses have to interact with proteins on cell surfaces, which differ greatly between species. Rabies, however, is very commonly transmitted from nonhumans to humans; 99% of rabies cases in the world are caused by dog bites, with the rest being mostly bats. Moreover, rabies can infect all warm-blooded animals and many cold-blooded ones. Most animals can be infected, though many never show symptoms. So, what makes rabies-causing viruses able to infect such a wide range of species? (I know that there are lots of different viruses that cause rabies, but to me this just begs the question—what makes so many viruses seemingly more capable of crossing the interspecies barrier?) submitted by /u/Wonderful_Toes [link] [comments]

What do asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 mean in terms of herd immunity? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 08:57 AM PDT If some research is true and roughly 25% or more of cases are asymptomatic, are these individuals producing antibodies to defeat the virus and does this mean we might be closer to herd immunity without realizing? submitted by /u/DogLog91 [link] [comments]

A vaccine for the 2009 H1N1 virus was developed in 3 months (from when it was declared a pandemic). What is different about COVID-19 that makes the required time to develop a vaccine 12-14 months? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 11:59 PM PDT submitted by /u/Vicinity613 [link] [comments]

I saw in a post the other day that in some places mosquitos are already active. Could this Covid 19 spread through mosquito bites like malaria did? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 07:16 AM PDT submitted by /u/thebigdeac [link] [comments]

What does "cytopathic effect not observed" mean in context of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2? (study linked in text) Posted: 03 Apr 2020 06:56 AM PDT https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.20039446v2.full.pdf+html "Air samples that were positive for viral RNA by RT-PCR were examined for viral propagation in 15 Vero E6 cells. Cytopathic effect was not observed in any sample, to date, and immunofluorescence and western blot analysis have not, so far, indicated the presence of viral antigens suggesting viral replication. However, the low concentrations of virus recovered from these samples makes finding infectious virus in these samples difficult. Further experiments are ongoing to determine viral activity in these samples." Does this mean the aerosolized virus is not spreading like airborne virus? Thanks submitted by /u/yousackofwine [link] [comments]

If some are using the old research of SARS and MERS as a basis to understanding COVID-19, why did they not just finish finding a cure? Surely adding that to the yearly flu vaccines would help. And what is to say that if COVID-19 just disappears, that they won't finish the cure? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 01:56 AM PDT submitted by /u/skeletonz28 [link] [comments]

Is amount of exposure to Covid-19 affecting severity of symptoms a testable hypothesis? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 06:15 AM PDT Given a potentially high fatality rate among health care workers, it has at least been considered that the amount of viral particles taken in could potentially affect how severe the symptoms of Covid-19 will be when it comes to an average person: https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/sars-cov-2-viral-load-and-the-severity-of-covid-19/ Aside from studying cases as they happen, are there other ways of testing this hypothesis, such as laboratory tests? Are there any teams currently focused on researching this? If it were eventually confirmed, would this change the strategies we're currently using to eventually be able to cope with the disease? submitted by /u/jorgesoos [link] [comments]

Scientists are debating the ethics of "human challenge studies" to speed up the development of a COVID-19 vaccine. How do scientists normally test the efficacy of vaccines without this type of study? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 09:45 AM PDT A human challenge study is where volunteers are injected with a new vaccine, then deliberately infected with the pathogen that the vaccine is meant to protect against. How can scientists determine whether a vaccine is effective if they never expose human test subjects to the pathogen it's meant to protect them from? Do they use animal models? Do they measure the antibodies in patients who have recovered from the illness and then compare them to antibodies from people who have had the vaccine? Some combination of those methods? I tried googling it, but I just got a bunch of articles about how scientists test vaccines for safety and possible side effects. Couldn't find much information about how they test for efficacy. submitted by /u/7th_Cuil [link] [comments]

If you contract a virus can your body develop certain antibodies that may evolve in your offspring making them better suited against similar future threats? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 05:38 AM PDT Thanks submitted by /u/singe_trapu [link] [comments]

Is there a way to account for incomplete and inconsistent testing for COVID-19? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 08:37 AM PDT I see spikes or lulls in cases - and have no idea if these are related to testing rather than spread/control. Is there any method to adjust for this? Many weren't tested, despite symptoms, unless they had a direct link to someone with COVID-19 or had traveled. Now many still aren't tested here unless they are hospitalized, while others are tested based on exposure and not symptoms. The data I browse is https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/ submitted by /u/Stormier [link] [comments]

Does a single virus strain consist of an assortment of different viroids i.e. different function, or are all viroids of a single strain the same identical units? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 08:36 AM PDT Think the title explains question sufficiently, but is every single viroid of a virus the same, or are they differing in function in some ways? submitted by /u/therealestmfonhere [link] [comments]

When will a vaccine be available for SARS-COV-2? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 08:36 AM PDT I have read that clinical trials are underway for some sort of vaccine. I know there is a lot of uncertainty with any kind of answer, but a ballpark is better than nothing and a lot of us are left wondering and waiting not knowing what is going on with that. So I think on behalf of many of us I would like to hear an expert's opinion. How soon might we expect a vaccine to be ready for the first users? How long after that might it be widely available? submitted by /u/zipadyduda [link] [comments]

Why are we not hearing much (if anything) about the number of unconfirmed cases of Covid19? I know we can't know it properly, but it's not even discussed and there are no attempts at even a guestimate. Posted: 03 Apr 2020 07:15 AM PDT How do we know whether it's much more prevalent than we think, and therefore consequently, less severe for a bigger majority of people? submitted by /u/The_Queef_of_England [link] [comments]

Why has the Corna-virus different names? Posted: 03 Apr 2020 07:01 AM PDT In the media they switch around with Sars-cov2 , Covid-19 and Coronavirus. So my question is are they the same or not and if not why have they different names? submitted by /u/Visilius [link] [comments]

What evolutionary advantage does a virus have if it kills the host? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 12:01 PM PDT submitted by /u/razorbackgeek [link] [comments]

How is vaccine effectiveness evaluated? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 10:44 PM PDT In addition to wanting to know this, I was curious if there's any metric that attempts to compare these two populations: People who are most likely alive "because of" having been vaccinated People who are dead most likely for not having been vaccinated submitted by /u/Semitar1 [link] [comments]

How are the projected death numbers for the COVID-19 pandemic calculated? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 09:58 PM PDT I have searched a lot for this but couldn't find any explanation. The whitehouse says the projected deaths from the pandemic will be between 100-250K. However the current deaths are 6K with 250K infected, which means the cases are literally going to be a multiple of 16-41. Projecting using this we are looking at 1.6-4.1 million infections. This is something we have not seen before in the world. How are these numbers computed? Is there a specific field of science that studies this? submitted by /u/yalogin [link] [comments]

Why don't we mass produce monoclonal antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 to be used as therapy? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 06:48 PM PDT Vaccine development obviously will take a while and the brunt of the damage done by SARS-CoV-2 might already be done by the time a vaccine is ready. Meanwhile it seems like monoclonal antibodies already exist for this bug, so wouldn't it be more efficient to push more resources toward testing and upscaling the production of an antibody? Why is this not a more prominent option for therapy? submitted by /u/Pbloop [link] [comments]

How much of one's body weight is being lifted during a push up? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 10:52 AM PDT submitted by /u/puppyroosters [link] [comments]

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Is it possible the Coronavirus has been spreading since January in the USA, but that they couldn’t identify the virus for people hospitalized due to symptoms?

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• Is it possible the Coronavirus has been spreading since January in the USA, but that they couldn’t identify the virus for people hospitalized due to symptoms?
• Why is testing for Covid-19 considered so vital right now?
• What actually happens when you “see stars”?
• How does Abbott’s 5 minute Covid-19 test work?
• SARS-CoV-2 is apparently stable for several hours to several days on different types of surfaces. What actually “kills” the virus during this time?
• Which species of dinosaurs became birds?
• Why wasn't ocean acidification a problem millions of years ago when the dinosaurs were experiencing extremely high levels of CO2?
• How does animals(dogs and cats from what i mostly have seen) predict an earthquake?
• Why has there been no vaccine produced for SARS even though the first outbreak was in 2003, or MERS which was identified in 2012?
• What is it called when an animal is encased with lava and creates a Igneous rock fossil? How can this happen? What special circumstances need to be in place?
• How do hand sanitizers work? (in chemistry terms)
• What makes Covid-19 more contagious over common viruses?
• Why do we need a new flu vaccine every year?
• Why does high purity germanium collect higher resolution gamma spectra than other things like NaI scintillators?
• Is it possible for a recovered covid patient to get infected again? Can he/she be a carrier?
• Is it possible to test for whether someone has already had a disease?

Is it possible the Coronavirus has been spreading since January in the USA, but that they couldn’t identify the virus for people hospitalized due to symptoms? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 12:39 AM PDT My question isn't whether it's hypothetically possible there was a small group of people back then, since we had our first confirmed case late January. I'm asking if it's possible that it had already started to spread in large scale that far back. I live in Los Angeles and late January my entire office started to get sick. Not everyone, but a good percentage of people on my floor. We had around 20 people in the office. 5+ people got sick within 2 weeks. Some mild, some a little more severe. I remember I got the "flu" and the fever lasted 3 days. I had a dry cough (which I never get. I'm a smoker and occasionally get bronchitis). I also didn't heal for over a week. I kept feeling sick and eventually got a mouth infection as my cough persisted. At the same time I was sick, the Human Resources assistant was out sick, and when she returned she had a sore throat and cough, mild fever, and red eyes. She was taking cough medicine. Here's the kicker. The HR director, was violently ill. She was out of office for over 2 weeks. Hospitalized after a few days of being sick. And it turned into pneumonia. She didn't return until over 2 weeks after her symptoms had started, and from my knowledge, they didn't know what was wrong with her. She was hospitalized a couple of days prior to January 20th if I'm not mistaken. Now the main question here is, is it possible she had corona and they didn't know or discover it even after she was hospitalized? Or would they have been able to conclude that since we at least knew about the corona during this time (but no active cases in the USA). I'd love to know a statistic on whether or not there was an abnormal surge in pneumonia cases in the country starting back then. I'm no conspiracy theorist, and would love a scientific opinion based on the details I provided. Thanks for reading. submitted by /u/soraldobabalu [link] [comments]

Why is testing for Covid-19 considered so vital right now? Posted: 02 Apr 2020 12:26 AM PDT A lot of social media and journalists are up in arms over lack of testing, slower testing when compared to other countries, or not enough community testing being done However is it not fairly moot to test for it at this stage? There is no cure/vaccine etc outside of treating and caring for the symptoms, so knowing if someone has Covid-19 specifically won't help in the treatment of the complications that arise. And further as people are being advised to self-isolate and so on, the assumption would surely thus be if they are following the procedures whether they have it or not is irrelevant in the majority of mild cases, as just general recovery time is enough outside of complications. Is there something drastic I'm missing? submitted by /u/HebbyX [link] [comments]

What actually happens when you “see stars”? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 03:14 PM PDT You see it in cartoons all the time and sometimes when I blow my nose too hard I see little points of light flying around my vision. What causes this and why do we see it? submitted by /u/roythememeboy [link] [comments]

How does Abbott’s 5 minute Covid-19 test work? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 09:18 PM PDT Abbott announced a new test for its ID NOW platform and can confirm the presence of Covid-19 in 5 minutes. There's a short video on their press release website that explains they "crack open" the genetic material of the virus and replicate it so it's detectable but that doesn't really explain anything about what's actually happening or how they are able to achieve a 5 minute test in a small box that can sit in a doctor's office compared to the existing tests which take many hours to complete and can only me done in medical laboratories. https://www.abbott.com/corpnewsroom/product-and-innovation/detect-covid-19-in-as-little-as-5-minutes.html submitted by /u/marmaladeandtea [link] [comments]

SARS-CoV-2 is apparently stable for several hours to several days on different types of surfaces. What actually “kills” the virus during this time? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 02:58 PM PDT I put "kills" in quotes since as a virus is isn't really "alive" to kill in the first place. To my knowledge, a virus is a big clump of RNA that doesn't really reproduce or use energy without a host. It's destroyed by soap because soap is an emulsifier and it pulls apart the lipids that make up the virus' "shell". When it's just sitting on a stainless steel doorknob, what makes it decay? submitted by /u/thestickystickman [link] [comments]

Which species of dinosaurs became birds? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 07:14 PM PDT Obviously not all dinosaurs species continued to evolve and become birds. Do all birds have a single common dinosaur ancestor? Were they flying dinos just getting smaller and birdier? Are there a couple of separate lines of dinosaurs that became different kinds of birds? submitted by /u/DictatorKris [link] [comments]

Why wasn't ocean acidification a problem millions of years ago when the dinosaurs were experiencing extremely high levels of CO2? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 11:50 AM PDT My friend and I were talking about the effects of CO2 and he brought up a good point that CO2 has been really high in the past, but the ecosystems didn't collapse like we think they might from the recent spike in climate change. He is pretty anti-climate change, and I usually lean toward the side of most scientists. I just wasn't able to give him a good answer for his argument. My thinking was something like the rate of change in CO2 levels is much higher than it was millions of year ago and maybe the life forms had more time to adapt back then, but I'm not sure. submitted by /u/BinaryPeach [link] [comments]

How does animals(dogs and cats from what i mostly have seen) predict an earthquake? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 09:50 PM PDT Here's an example https://youtu.be/1MFzcl-kZHo submitted by /u/pos5orthrow322 [link] [comments]

Why has there been no vaccine produced for SARS even though the first outbreak was in 2003, or MERS which was identified in 2012? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 06:35 PM PDT Does the fact that we don't have a vaccine for either illnesses despite 17 and 8 years having passed reflect on the likelihood of finding a vaccine for the current pandemic? submitted by /u/KaneIntent [link] [comments]

What is it called when an animal is encased with lava and creates a Igneous rock fossil? How can this happen? What special circumstances need to be in place? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 01:23 PM PDT It is known that fossils almost always happen through Sedimentary rocks. If not its ice or amber. But what about lava. Lets say a volcano leaked some gases which killed a herd of animals which has indeed happened before. The volcano erupts and sends a few lava rivers which cover the animals before the ash or other rocks can destroy them. Depending on how cool the lava is would it just destroy any possibility of a fossil? If lava rushed into a lake and covered all the marine creatures would any fossils be possible that way? I found a text book "Igneous rocks, which form from cooling magma or lava, and metamorphic rocks, which have been altered by heat and pressure, are unlikely to contain fossils (but may, under special circumstances" What are those special circumstances? submitted by /u/Owdagu [link] [comments]

How do hand sanitizers work? (in chemistry terms) Posted: 01 Apr 2020 03:03 PM PDT I'd like to know how that magical -OH group gets rid of viruses and bacteria so easily, and how does its action compare to just soap and water. submitted by /u/lookez [link] [comments]

What makes Covid-19 more contagious over common viruses? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 04:12 PM PDT I am not sure what is the answer, but I heard about virus mutating. If is because of the mutation, which part of the virus is different from others that make it contagious? submitted by /u/abcxyz-5 [link] [comments]

Why do we need a new flu vaccine every year? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 09:56 PM PDT Im not an anti-vaxxer, but I am wondering from a scientific point of view what is the reason why we need a new flu vaccine every year? I have heard that the flu mutates every year but how does it do this and why does it do this? Does the flu know when the sun does one revolution around the Earth and suddenly decides to mutate? Is it because the flu mutates as a result of updating the vaccines every year? Can you build a natural immunity towards flu so you don't catch it instead of having the vaccine? I have a few more questions regarding the flu vaccine and the mutation of the flu virus but I'm not sure if I am overstaying my welcome... submitted by /u/Hungry4Gainz [link] [comments]

Why does high purity germanium collect higher resolution gamma spectra than other things like NaI scintillators? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 09:46 PM PDT submitted by /u/thirdmitten [link] [comments]

Is it possible for a recovered covid patient to get infected again? Can he/she be a carrier? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 07:40 PM PDT submitted by /u/firekinl [link] [comments]

Is it possible to test for whether someone has already had a disease? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 07:06 PM PDT Say in a year from now, would it be possible to test to see who has already had the Coronavirus and has built up an immunity? submitted by /u/Red_Icnivad [link] [comments]

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What exactly is meant when we hear up to 25% of Covid-19 carriers could be asymptomatic?

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• What exactly is meant when we hear up to 25% of Covid-19 carriers could be asymptomatic?
• What does catnip actually do to cats?
• Is there a period where tadpoles can breathe both in the water and on land or does the transition happen instantaneously?
• Are birds beaks attached to their skull? If so, How are they pigmented so much?
• Dues to their close generic relationship, are apes susceptible to the Corona Virus?
• How does a vaccine against pneumonia work?
• Why does supranormal dopamine activity in psychosis/schizophrenia not produce the subjective well-being or euphoria generally associated with dopaminergic stimulants and opiates?
• Why is the Ohio River considered a tributary to the Mississippi River and not the other way around?
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science
• How come viruses live longer on hard surfaces?
• Do plants get climate shock when being moved to the other hemisphere?
• What makes this recent SARS outbreak (Covid-19) so much more viral and deadly than the 2003 SARS outbreak?
• Is human hearing phase sensitive?
• Can CoViD-19 act like Herpes or other viruses?
• Are there viruses that affect specifically to only one species of animal (cats, dogs, etc)?
• Why do scientists have such high Hope's of a vaccine/cure for COVID-19 yet viruses like HIV are unable to have one developed despite being discovered for a few decades?
• Can chimps contract salmonella?
• Is there an evolutionary reason we touch our faces so much?
• How does a CD really work? How do they store data?
• If someone got a virus like Aids while pregnant, does the baby also get aids? If not why?
• How are the floaters I see in my eye in focus?
• What is the Coma of a Comet exactly made up of?
• Viruses need to infect a cell to replicate. Why can’t they just infect skin cells, and why are lung cells being infected so common?

What exactly is meant when we hear up to 25% of Covid-19 carriers could be asymptomatic? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 07:44 AM PDT Does this mean that a quarter of people who get it could very well never know they ever had it? Or does it mean that a quarter of people who get it could carry it for some portion of time before they themselves start showing symptoms? submitted by /u/Jak03e [link] [comments]

What does catnip actually do to cats? Posted: 31 Mar 2020 12:41 PM PDT Also where does it fall with human reactions to drugs (which is it most like)? submitted by /u/ErnieWayne [link] [comments]

Is there a period where tadpoles can breathe both in the water and on land or does the transition happen instantaneously? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 09:49 AM PDT submitted by /u/no_username_for_me [link] [comments]

Are birds beaks attached to their skull? If so, How are they pigmented so much? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 06:01 AM PDT submitted by /u/Jerboa4 [link] [comments]

Dues to their close generic relationship, are apes susceptible to the Corona Virus? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 08:10 AM PDT submitted by /u/SpongeKake [link] [comments]

How does a vaccine against pneumonia work? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 07:19 AM PDT submitted by /u/BrockSamsonLikesButt [link] [comments]

Why does supranormal dopamine activity in psychosis/schizophrenia not produce the subjective well-being or euphoria generally associated with dopaminergic stimulants and opiates? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 05:13 AM PDT Based on some reading I did a long time ago but cannot for the life of me find, my understanding is that the popular conception of dopamine and associated neural pathways may be inaccurate. The paper I read suggested that dopamine and the reward pathway are implicated in compulsiveness, craving, and general addictive qualities associated with many abused drugs, but might in fact be separate or only loosely related to the mechanism that produces subjective euphoria in the user. The example given was the finding that despite elevated dopamine activity in patients with schizophrenia, the increased synaptic concentrations are not associated with feelings of well-being or euphoria - instead, the writers hypothesized that the efflux of dopamine in these cases instead precipitates sudden feelings of 'importance' in patients, a possible causative factor in development of delusional beliefs. Does this mean that a schizophrenic patient looking at a group of birds in a tree might experience an uncontrolled release of dopamine, creating a powerful sense of importance/urgency? Might the brain then attempt to backfill an explanation for such a feeling, leading to the emergence of the unusual hypotheses typical of delusions (i.e. birds used for gov't surveillance)? I can see how reward pathway irregularities might lead to a progressive worsening of psychotic symptoms, as the mistaken beliefs described above might be repeatedly reinforced due to the action and involvement of dopamine. I would love to hear the contemporary view on the above, as well as any feedback on the notion of subjective euphoria as separate from reinforcement. I would cite the regular, dopamine-mediated reinforcement that we are subject to each day as a counterpoint to the notion of identical mechanisms behind both euphoria and sub-perceptual reinforcement - it appears behaviors can be reinforced without noticeable alterations in mood or cognition. We certainly are not hit with waves of euphoria when we eat or hydrate. submitted by /u/tribecous [link] [comments]

Why is the Ohio River considered a tributary to the Mississippi River and not the other way around? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 10:05 AM PDT If a tributary is a river that flows into a larger one shouldn't the Ohio river be considered the main river/source? submitted by /u/CRAZEDMETHOD [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science Posted: 01 Apr 2020 08:15 AM PDT Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

How come viruses live longer on hard surfaces? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 07:20 AM PDT We all know covid 19 lives longer on hard surfaces than soft. Nobody can tell me why. Does the soft surface suck out moisture it needs to live? submitted by /u/tesseracts [link] [comments]

Do plants get climate shock when being moved to the other hemisphere? Posted: 31 Mar 2020 08:17 PM PDT Like say a full grown tree from the north hemisphere is moved to the south hemisphere during January. submitted by /u/YZJay [link] [comments]

What makes this recent SARS outbreak (Covid-19) so much more viral and deadly than the 2003 SARS outbreak? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 08:24 AM PDT I'm not asking "is it more dangerous" I'm not an idiot, everyone knows and can identify that much. The question is why didn't the 2003 outbreak cause as much damage as this 2020 outbreak. Is the world more susceptible to the disease now then it was in 2003 for some reason? What mutations has SARS underwent to make it more deadly and viral? submitted by /u/Gamerofwar99 [link] [comments]

Is human hearing phase sensitive? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 06:25 AM PDT I know that any given sound can be represented as a combination of many different sine waves with different amplitudes and phases (fourier transform). And I know that the cochlea does something vaguely akin to this, with localized responses at different frequencies. My question is this: Given two sounds with the same power spectrum, but different phases of some of their components, will a person be able to tell the difference? Also, are such stimuli even possible, or have I misunderstood how the amplitude / phase of a sound's components works? Lastly, would the answer to the first question differ depending on whether the stimulus included any components in the low frequency ranges where inner hair cells actually track the pressure waves, instead of just the amplitude envelope? submitted by /u/Optrode [link] [comments]

Can CoViD-19 act like Herpes or other viruses? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 09:50 AM PDT where you are never really cured and you have flare ups? like it comes and goes and when you have a flare up, you are more likely to infect other people. Would humanity have to take drugs for life to prevent these potentially deadly flare-ups? submitted by /u/T_Cool_Shades [link] [comments]

Are there viruses that affect specifically to only one species of animal (cats, dogs, etc)? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 09:20 AM PDT submitted by /u/52435423945 [link] [comments]

Why do scientists have such high Hope's of a vaccine/cure for COVID-19 yet viruses like HIV are unable to have one developed despite being discovered for a few decades? Posted: 31 Mar 2020 01:34 PM PDT submitted by /u/C0wseed [link] [comments]

Can chimps contract salmonella? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 12:02 AM PDT Just recently I viewed a video of a chimp sharing their apple with a tortoise. While the gesture was sweet, I couldn't help but wonder if our genetic ties to chimps made them susceptible to salmonella like us humans. Does an immune system vary even though genetically we might have similar DNA? (I.e. Mice or primates) submitted by /u/patticakes19 [link] [comments]

Is there an evolutionary reason we touch our faces so much? Posted: 31 Mar 2020 11:44 PM PDT As we all are becoming aware of just how much we touch our faces I can't help but wonder why humans do that so much. Did some ancient ancestor of mine gain a survival advantage by stroking his chin? submitted by /u/old_mcfartigan [link] [comments]

How does a CD really work? How do they store data? Posted: 31 Mar 2020 06:52 PM PDT I can get my head around USBs that have wiring and stuff, but I have no idea how a CD may work. Maybe it's just me growing up to think that to store data you need some computery stuff, but it´s still pretty awesome how something doesn't. Help me understand it? submitted by /u/MemoryController [link] [comments]

If someone got a virus like Aids while pregnant, does the baby also get aids? If not why? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 06:46 AM PDT Sorry if it's a stupid question. submitted by /u/SpXek [link] [comments]

How are the floaters I see in my eye in focus? Posted: 31 Mar 2020 11:11 PM PDT People have asked about floaters on here before, but what I'm wondering about is how I can see them so clearly. If I hold a book a few inches from my face the text is too close to focus on, but floaters are in my eye, yet appear to be fairly in focus. How can that be? submitted by /u/jamestuckk [link] [comments]

What is the Coma of a Comet exactly made up of? Posted: 01 Apr 2020 06:29 AM PDT submitted by /u/pm_me_ur_giant_boobs [link] [comments]

Viruses need to infect a cell to replicate. Why can’t they just infect skin cells, and why are lung cells being infected so common? Posted: 31 Mar 2020 06:38 PM PDT submitted by /u/Ninja-Snail [link] [comments]

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