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Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Can i condition myself so that when i recieve a certain stimuli my pupils dilate/shrink?

Can i condition myself so that when i recieve a certain stimuli my pupils dilate/shrink?


Can i condition myself so that when i recieve a certain stimuli my pupils dilate/shrink?

Posted: 10 Mar 2020 07:22 AM PDT

Ex: Pupils dilating when i hear a certain song or think of something specific.

submitted by /u/neonlookscool
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If stars create other stars when they die, why will the universe still eventually come to an end?

Posted: 10 Mar 2020 02:45 AM PDT

I am a bit confused when people talk about how the universe will eventually end, especially on the topic of the heat death of the universe. If stars are constantly being created from the remains of other stars, why do people believe in the heat death of the universe? Are stars not 100% efficient or something?

submitted by /u/OrphanPounder
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Does the surface area of the electrodes in a galvanic cell affect the voltage?

Posted: 10 Mar 2020 01:43 AM PDT

I conducted an experiment increasing the surface areas of the electrodes, and the results showed a decrease in voltage. Should this be happening?

submitted by /u/beetyix
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What is the process of "turning on" a nuclear reactor?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 01:35 PM PDT

What is good evidence that proves The Big Bang?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 08:19 PM PDT

I have a friend that refuses to believe The Big Bang happened, we have occasional debates about it and he's willing to listen, but I don't know what could be considered solid proof that could change his mind.

submitted by /u/Ag_zl1
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How do scientists determine what a planet core is made of ?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 09:02 AM PDT

How was 20 seconds determined to be the appropriate time to wash your hands?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 11:44 AM PDT

If you wash your hands for only 10 seconds, does that kill only. half the germs? If you wash for 30 seconds, are you able to kill off even more viruses? What research was done to establish the current time frame of hand washing?

submitted by /u/SnarkyBear53
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'Location' of Cosmic Background Radiation?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 01:59 PM PDT

As CBR is the earliest light after the Big Bang, is it only located at the edge of our observable universe or is it throughout the entire universe?

submitted by /u/pag32
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How effective is Evidence Based Practice in medicine?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 09:44 AM PDT

EBP has really taken off in many medical related fields. Whereas I absolutely agree with EBP philosophy, I was unable to find any data on the effectiveness of EBP implementation.

Thus, I wanted to ask you what are the effects of EBP implementation in terms of death prevention, successful treatments and etc?

Statistical data are more than welcomed.

submitted by /u/sw5d6f8s
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If a man has a vasectomy, where does the sperm go during an ejaculation?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 06:34 PM PDT

As understand it a vasectomy involves cutting and somehow stopping vas deferens.

I don't think the production of sperm cells is affected and they must be released when the man ejaculates. So where do they go?

submitted by /u/ScienceTute
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What makes a thing flammable, nonflammable and how do the liquid fire accelerants work?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 07:46 AM PDT

Why do clouds appear to have flat-ish bottoms but fluffy tops?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 06:05 PM PDT

Monday, March 9, 2020

Why does a firefly light up? Is it a defense mechanism?

Why does a firefly light up? Is it a defense mechanism?


Why does a firefly light up? Is it a defense mechanism?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 02:08 PM PDT

How is the universe (at least) 46 billion light years across, when it has only existed for 13.8 billion years?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 05:58 AM PDT

How has it expanded so fast, if matter can't go faster than the speed of light? Wouldn't it be a maximum of 27.6 light years across if it expanded at the speed of light?

submitted by /u/lildryersheet
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What exactly are VPN’s and how do they work?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 05:19 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Alan Aspuru-Guzik, a chemistry professor and computer scientist trying to disrupt chemistry using quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and robotics. AMA!

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 04:00 AM PDT

Hi Reddit! This is my first AMA so this will be exciting.

I am the principal investigator of The Matter Lab at the University of Toronto, a faculty Member at the Vector Institute, and a CIFAR Fellow. I am also a co-founder of Kebotix and Zapata Computing. Kebotix aims to disrupt chemistry by building self-driving laboratories. Zapata develops algorithms and tools for quantum computing.

A short link to my profile at Vector Institute is here. Recent interviews can be seen here, here, here, and here. MIT Technology Review recently recognized my laboratory, Zapata, and Kebotix as key players contributing to AI-discovered molecules and Quantum Supremacy. The publication named these technological advances as two of its 10 Breakthrough Technologies of 2020.

A couple of things that have been in my mind in the recent years that we can talk about are listed below:

  • What is the role of scientists in society at large? In this world at a crossroads, how can we balance efficiently the workloads and expectations to help society both advance fundamental research but also apply our discoveries and translate them to action as soon as possible?
  • What is our role as scientists in the emergent world of social echo chambers? How can we take our message across to bubbles that are resistant and even hostile to science facts.
  • What will the universities of the future look like?
  • How will science at large, and chemistry in particular, be impacted by AI, quantum computing and robotics?
  • Of course, feel free to ask any questions about any of our publications. I will do my best to answer in the time window or refer you to group members that can expand on it.
  • Finally, surprise me with other things! AMA!

See you at 4 p.m. ET (20 UT)!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Will we ever be able to "see" the cosmic microwave background radiation?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 11:37 AM PDT

As I understand it, the cosmic background radiation leftover from the big bang is currently in the microwave spectrum, but is constantly redshifting as the universe expands; so logically that means eventually it will redshift enough to be in the visible spectrum. Does this mean that at some point in the distant future we will actually be able to see it with the naked eye, and what would this look like? (Assuming of course we survive that long as a species)

submitted by /u/bjandrus
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Can people age differently on other planets because of gravity/relativity and come back to earth younger than their siblings?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 04:44 AM PDT

In some movies, people go to other planets and for numerous reasons, they age differently than people on earth. Some say a few actual hours on these planets can actually be years on earth. I understand the concept that time is calculated differently on other planets but can anyone go to another planet and come back to earth physically younger?

submitted by /u/Antish12
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Modern computer processors are built using processes on the scale of nanometers. How do manufacturers design and build something so small?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 04:57 PM PDT

Are blind peoples' circadian rhythms affected by their inability to see sunlight?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 04:34 PM PDT

are there any large systems of planets that orbit a bigger planet rather than a star?

Posted: 09 Mar 2020 03:06 AM PDT

I suppose that would just be a rouge planet with a lot of moons but does it happen often? could you find planets with the size and quantity as the ones in our solar system orbiting one the size of jupiter? or would they all just drift away or crash into eachother or something? (sorry if this is a dumb question)

submitted by /u/jimjim54
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What is the probability that a rolled d10 has a higher role than two d20's?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 02:09 PM PDT

I'm in need of a good statistics mathematician.

I was rolling some dice playing DnD and was wondering how to figure out this question about probabilities.

If I roll 2 D20's and 1 D10 what is the likely hood that the D10 roll is a higher number than both the D20's (indivudally, not combined).

For example, one d20 is a 5, the other d20 is a 6 and the d10 is a 7.

submitted by /u/notandy98
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Does the earth's orbit match up the sun's equator? Or is the sun's rotation skewed relative to the orbital plane like the earth's?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 02:31 PM PDT

What would cause explosive "pleating"?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 08:06 PM PDT

While seeing this image of a test explosion of the UK "Grapple Y" nuclear missile, I noticed the "pleating" (for want of a better word) on the shaft of the mushroom cloud. It's the first time I have seen this sort of formation, and I was wondering what would cause it? My guess would be fluctuations in explosive force, but I can't see how that would happen here.

submitted by /u/GrumpyOldChix0r
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Could there be more unknown elements that exist in the universe?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 05:30 PM PDT

Here on earth we have encountered a number of elements that are known to us. Is it at all possible for there to be more naturally occurring elements in the universe than the ones we've already discovered?

submitted by /u/nikovabch
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Do you weigh more on earth than scales actually tell you because the earth is spinning?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 10:13 AM PDT

Like should the force from f = mv2 /r be added on to the weight you measure yourself with scales?

Edit: you know what equation I mean I don't know how to format

submitted by /u/Sandrey546
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What causes the white milky splotches on finger and tie nails?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 08:45 PM PST

Why does Morocco have so much phosphate?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 07:32 PM PST

I read that Morocco/Western Sahara has 75% of the world's known phosphate reserves, but a google search didn't turn up an explanation of how it all ended up there

submitted by /u/bigwhitecloudfluff
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How do fish at the bottom of the ocean reproduce if they can't see each other? How would they locate one another?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 08:38 PM PST

Sunday, March 8, 2020

What stoppped the spanish flu?

What stoppped the spanish flu?


What stoppped the spanish flu?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 10:04 AM PST

Why does it take a year or more to develop vaccines?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 10:19 PM PST

I've read that vaccines work by introducing a mild version of the virus to the body so that it can develop an immune response. Also have heard that the entire genome sequence of COVID-19 and other viruses are uploaded online. So what's the rate determining step here? Also related, of what use is making public the genome sequence of these viruses? And why can't it be used in biological warfare?

submitted by /u/AniMaster46
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Why do eutectics sometimes form in alloys?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 01:11 AM PST

Why do eutectics sometimes form in alloys? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectic_system

submitted by /u/jme365
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How does your body 'know' when to give you a fever?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 03:35 PM PST

When you get a common cold, you don't get a fever. When you get the flu, you often do to kill the virus in your system. What determines whether your body goes into a fever or not and how does it know when to do it?

submitted by /u/thesupremegrapefruit
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Why is fluoride good for your teeth?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 05:23 PM PST

I'm particularly interested in any knowledge of the biochemical pathways by which fluoride strengthens teeth and fights cavities. It's been particularly hard to find answers via google because it returns tons of pages discussing the controversy around it, but I'm interested in the science.

submitted by /u/dancing_all_knight
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How does a virus 'decide' who will be an asymptomatic carrier?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 10:04 PM PST

What happens when a device goes “supercritical”?

Posted: 08 Mar 2020 07:05 AM PDT

I was reading about the demon core and it's almost-usage In a third nuclear bomb on Japan. Apparently sometime after this, two separate people accidentally made the core go "supercritical" and died of acute radiation sickness not too long after. What exactly does it mean when they say the demon core was going supercritical, and what would the outcome be if it wasn't stopped?

submitted by /u/Shank5ter
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How do Electron Orbitals Intersect?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 07:22 PM PST

I'm a chemical engineering student and I wanted to know, how do orbitals intersect? I know the shapes and all, and I know how the orbitals have directions in larger shells but when you have some s2 buds and some dudes filling p2 does that change the shape of the s2 guys or is it that the s2 electrons stay in their sphere when the p2 electrons are in their weird little infinity loops?

submitted by /u/wvbiii
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When does an object reach maximum velocity after an impact?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 04:14 PM PST

I'll make the question a bit more specific and I'll try to stick to one single problem, but I will see how it goes because I think different situations could produce different answers.

So I got into an argument with a friend about when does a puck reach maximum velocity after a shot. I was confident that it's right at the moment of a shot and then the friction and air resistance (and maybe some other forces?) makes the puck loose speed. Right? It sounds very logical and probably is true, but we both like to look at the world from its smallest possible parts to the largest.

Well, this is where my friend confused me. And this is where I will also branch out the question because I feel these two situations could have different answers.

The first situation would be a normal hockey shot. Puck which is not moving comes in contact with a fast-moving stick. Stick is pushing the puck for a while and then leaves the stick. And as soon as it does it starts losing speed. I feel like that's correct. But what if we look at the time frame from when the stick first touched the puck?

The second situation is a bit more trivial. What if the stick did not do the "pushing" motion. What if it was truly a hit where as soon as the stick hit the puck it stopped. (I now feel like this is a really trivial action) When does the puck reach max velocity? I thought this wouldn't be different than the first problem. But wouldn't that mean that the puck went from 0m/s to its max velocity instantaneously making the acceleration of the puck infinite? I can see two outcomes of this. Eather I was not aware that acceleration can actually be infinite at a single point or "instantaneously" is not a term in physics and the puck takes time to reach max velocity. Which one is it?

So... To sum up my questions.

What happens in a normal hockey shot? Stick hits the puck, the stick loses some minimal amount of speed to gradually start accelerating the puck and the puck reaches the max velocity right at the end of the shot. (Correct? Any details to add?)

How trivial is the second situation? What exactly makes it trivial? And what happens in this trivial or similar, more possible, situation?

Extra... Because I think the forces in action could be more visible in the world with two heavier, more friction receiving and, in this context, more flexible objects - when does a stopped vehicle reach maximum velocity after it gets hit by another vehicle?

P.S. Extra street cred for videos explaining this or tbh any interesting physics videos. +1 for great, basic quantum mechanics explanation videos. If you feel like you could write a book about this - please do!

submitted by /u/meykeymoose
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What would the magnetic field of a monopolar magnet look like?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 07:14 AM PST

What methods are used to predict the "island of stability" in nuclear physics?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 10:39 AM PST

Is it QCD (chiral effective field theory), many body theory or something else?

submitted by /u/Freedom_for_Fiume
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How do scientists find out the composition of materials?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 07:35 AM PST

Does vitamin D production still work if the sunlight has passed through a window?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 07:34 AM PST

How does raised intracranial pressure cause systemic hypertension?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 11:07 AM PST

If printing more money raises inflation, then what happens if we print less money?

Posted: 07 Mar 2020 07:22 AM PST

Saturday, March 7, 2020

What's the smallest (non-zero) difference in melting and boiling points we know of at 1atm?

What's the smallest (non-zero) difference in melting and boiling points we know of at 1atm?


What's the smallest (non-zero) difference in melting and boiling points we know of at 1atm?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 09:55 PM PST

Why is aluminium 100% recyclable but other metals aren't?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 06:07 PM PST

How did the recent space-grown lettuce develop identical microbial communities to its terrestrial counterpart?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 10:15 AM PST

When NASA researchers tested both versions of the lettuce, they found the space-grown variety was strikingly similar to the ground-grown controls. Each had equivalent levels of nutrients and antioxidants. Cutting-edge DNA analysis even showed that the space lettuce also developed the same diverse microbial communities as its terrestrial counterpart. Researchers say that caught them by surprise. They'd expected the ISS' unique environment to allow unique microbial communities to thrive there. And neither crops showed signs of potentially problematic bacteria like E. coli.

https://astronomy.com/news/2020/03/before-we-settle-mars-scientists-must-pefect-growing-space-salad

submitted by /u/zptc
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Why does a ring around the moon mean it's going to snow?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 07:02 PM PST

How long would it take for the continents to move and create some crazy land masses like Pangea?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 07:16 PM PST

How long would it take for the continents to move around and make a new giant landmass or be in much different locations like 10000 mile difference?

submitted by /u/PandazzlePro
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If you ground up sand to be finer, would it act like silt? What about silt ground down to the size of clay?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 07:00 PM PST

From what I've read, the main difference between sand/silt/clay is the particle size, as well as the shape of the particles to some degree. But I haven't found any resources that effectively explain what sand vs. silt vs. clay actually are. Sand is ground up stone, which are primarily silica (SO2), right? So is silt roughly the same composition but smaller? Or is silt and clay only made by organic matter decomposing? If anyone has some good reading resources on the subject, I'd love to go through them.

submitted by /u/The-Corinthian-Man
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In humans who are tetrachromats, what is the wavelength of the additional color they’re seeing?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 01:08 PM PST

My understanding the supposed "extra color" is a mix of red and green light, but do we know what that shade is? Additionally, do we have any idea how common it is in nature? Apologies if I'm approaching this question the wrong way- I just learned about this phenomenon today.

submitted by /u/thecalcographer
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What happens when a plane is struck by lightning?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 08:42 AM PST

There's this video going around reddit of a plane getting struck in the wing and it barely seems to shake. Is this normal or do planes usually take damage from these strikes? What do planes have to help protect them from lighting? How often do they tend to get hit?

submitted by /u/extraorc
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How do two clients agree on an encryption key through a non-encypted line?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 09:27 AM PST

Does NASA actually see these huge asteroids that are posted on social media or is it for clicks?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 09:17 PM PST

i know NASA does see asteroids, but are they all as "Earth ending" as these social media articles or is it for clicks? i used to be terrified of these things when i was younger now i wonder if NASA does see these earth ending asteroid everyday.

submitted by /u/HistoricalFactsInc
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Do ants (and other small bugs) take fall damage?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 07:35 AM PST

What makes a substance "sticky" ?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 05:56 AM PST

And why do some substances seem to bond/stick more easily to some substances than others?

submitted by /u/MaritimeTortoise
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How do nerves work in transplants?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 10:02 AM PST

I was always taught growing up that damaged nerves couldn't be regrown or repaired under any circumstances. But I just read an article about transplanting hands which seems to go against what I learned.

How can they connect the nervous tissue between old arm and new hand? Especially in patients that lost hands decades ago? Can doctors in fact regrow nerves now?

What does this mean for spinal injuries and the infamous "head transplant" surgeon?

submitted by /u/cemorn
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How do butterflies "decide" which plant to use as their host plant?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 08:18 AM PST

Is this a preference that is learned over many generations or is this something completely innate/intrinsic and that defies explanation?

submitted by /u/slateflash
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Do any birds engage in surplus killing?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 09:27 AM PST

How how are some viral deseases seasonally?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 05:28 AM PST

I read people get cold in winter more often because the immune system may be down due to the lack of sun. Is that the only reason?

Is there any relation between temperature/UV light and the prevalence of viruses?

I mean, does winter have an influence on the virus or on the human body in order to be more contagious on cold weather?

Thanks everyone?

submitted by /u/rarmegu
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When an organism burns calories where does the weight go? And what was the substance lost from the organism?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 09:58 PM PST