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Tuesday, September 3, 2019

Why is Vitamin C not part of the Vitamin B complex?

Why is Vitamin C not part of the Vitamin B complex?

Why is Vitamin C not part of the Vitamin B complex?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 04:25 AM PDT

I don't get how niacin is closer to Vitamin B12 than Vitamin C. Vitamins C and B12 are both cofactors in protein synthesis, while niacin is a redox agent.

submitted by /u/itcud
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What does "turns per armature" mean in an electric DC motor?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 04:25 AM PDT

What is it relevant to? What does more, or less, turns per armature achieve?

submitted by /u/ohhh_j
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Why are birds, animals, and fish so much more colorful near the equator than farther away from it?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 08:00 AM PDT

How can a digital clock become “fast”?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 03:35 AM PDT

The digital clock in my car will slowly get more and more ahead unless I reset it; how does this happen? How do digital clocks normally function and why would it be fast of all things?

submitted by /u/Nostos5
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why is the right hand the dominant hand 90% of the time, why is it not 50/50?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 12:11 AM PDT

How does yeast fermenting in liquids cause it to be carbonated?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 03:59 AM PDT

I understand that the yeast will eat the sugars in the liquid and convert it to carbon dioxide. How does this get trapped in the liquids and cause it to be carbonated?

submitted by /u/mnemonikos
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If golf balls have dimples on them to make them more aerodynamic then why don't cars or planes have them too?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 12:33 AM PDT

When driving manual you need to let go of the gas to shift gears. How can an automatic shift gears without you having to let go of the gas pedal?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 12:34 AM PDT

Assuming power transfer is not a problem, would it be possible to use the kinetic energy of an orbiting body to generate power?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 05:40 AM PDT

I mean, it's basically the same as having a body that is constantly falling between to portals from Portal 2 or whatever. So could we use this to solve our energy problems?

submitted by /u/CmdrNorthpaw
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Why India’s Chandrayaan-2 is taking 6 weeks to reach Moon and land their lunar lander, while Apollo missions typically landed astronauts on the moon in about 6+ hours?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 08:18 AM PDT

Why are we not using the heat from our own planet for energy?

Posted: 03 Sep 2019 07:41 AM PDT

Correct me if I'm wrong but when you dig down it gets pretty hot. So why are we not using the never ending supply of heat from the earth itself to satisfy our energy needs?

Side question, what would it take to harness the energy of a volcano?

submitted by /u/Hodor_735
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Can Solar Panels be charged with Nuclear Radiation?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 07:37 PM PDT

Or is it possible to create equivalent panels which can? Sort of like "nuclear panels"?

If so, can they exist now?

Wouldn't it be more effecient utility of nuclear energy than boiling water?

submitted by /u/GavrielBA
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Do storm surges affect places differently base on surrounding ocean depths?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 07:46 PM PDT

How are genes passed down from generation a to generation b? Do genes get passed down individually, or in clusters?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 07:28 PM PDT

How do genes get passed down from one generation to the other? Are they passed down individually, or do they "cluster" together, and get passed down as a group? For instance, I have noticed that white people tend to have different hair texture than for instance black and Asian people - I have yet to see a black dude with a blonde afro and blue eyes, for example. I hope I explained myself good enough for the biologists in this subreddit to know what i am on about.

submitted by /u/JerzyUrban
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What's the smallest organism that's considered an animal to ever exist?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 08:42 AM PDT

How are specific DNA primers constructed in the lab?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 07:06 PM PDT

I've done projects where we've requested certain sequences, but I just can't imagine how a specific sequence can be constructed.

submitted by /u/kimprobable
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How do we know what dinosaurs, and/or other extinct/ancient creatures, looked like?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 11:33 AM PDT

Having seen an imagine of a hippo skull recently, I drew comparisons to how cool dinosaur skeletons looked. But if we applied the same technique to reconstruct the animal from the skull of a hippo, how close would we be to getting it right?

submitted by /u/patchmau5
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Why are moths attracted to light?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 09:12 AM PDT

I have always wondered why moths are attracted to light and I'm sure it's an evolutionary trait they may have developed over time however if this is true then what use would that trait provide and are there any other insects (I'm sure there are many) that exhibit this trait as well?

submitted by /u/stuckonthoughts77
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Why is it colder in higher altitudes?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 08:01 PM PDT

Why does adding salt to a vinegar solution make it get rid of rust faster? Is salt acting as a catalyst?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 07:34 PM PDT

What's the step by step process of a Lightning bolt hitting a surface?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 03:19 PM PDT

I'm currently animating a lightning bolt hitting the floor, and I want to know exactly what happens as it strikes. I'm not exactly certain on the exact process, and I generally try to get my renders to be true to life. I'd imagine dust particles would rise up, as the static increases, and I'd imagine them all kind of moving to a single point right before the lightning strikes? I'm sorry if I sound childish, but I'm genuinely unsure on how lightning forms, strikes, and dissipates.

submitted by /u/GrandParsifal
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Monday, September 2, 2019

How do super storms like Hurricane Dorian affect marine life as the storm travels through the area? Do they affect deep sea creatures?

How do super storms like Hurricane Dorian affect marine life as the storm travels through the area? Do they affect deep sea creatures?

How do super storms like Hurricane Dorian affect marine life as the storm travels through the area? Do they affect deep sea creatures?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 05:45 PM PDT

We know world's fastest creature both on land and sea, in terms of distance/second But what is the world's fastest being in terms of body lengths/second?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 10:56 PM PDT

I was watching a Nat today while I was brushing my teeth and I thought holy shit, that tiny tiny tiny bug is hauling ass compared to its size. Like I'd imagine if a human we're able to cover it's equivalent body length/sec we would be super Sonic. Am I wrong? Is it truly not that fast? I would assume the smaller the animal the faster it could go in BL/S or "Body Lengths/ second.

submitted by /u/NordicCell
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Why are lunar landers wrapper in golden foil like material?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 07:07 AM PDT

I have seen images of the Apollo 11 lander and it looks like it was wrapper in a golden foil. Saw the same with the released images of the recent Indian lunar lander. What is that golden foil and what purpose does it serve? Is it specific to the Moon or all extraterrestrial landers need it?

submitted by /u/totoropoko
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What happened to the prehistoric forests and megafauna of Antarctica?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 06:10 AM PDT

In the prehistoric past, ancient Antarctica was long part of the supercontinent of Gondwana, which also consisted of Australia and South America. During these times, the global climate was warmer, meaning that the Antarctic was covered in dense forests and inhabited by all sorts of megafauna, including dinosaurs.

However, the modern Antarctica is obviously a very frigid and hostile place. The formerly great forests of Antarctica are long gone, and no land mammals inhabit the continent (although animals like seals and whale still inhabit the surrounding oceans, of course). Even penguins must depend on the sea for food.

So what exactly happened to the formerly more vibrant life of Antarctica? How did the former forests and megafauna of Antarctica die out? How quickly did Antarctica transition from a temperate land to endless sheets of ice? Did it happen so suddenly as to spark a mass extinction event? Did Antarctica's climate change happen relatively recently? And could Antarctica ever be home to forests and large land animals ever again?

submitted by /u/nguyenforthewin13
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Is it possible that millions of years ago there was an advanced civilization on Earth that due to geological reasons we don't have any evidence of?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 11:31 AM PDT

Are people with Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (CIP) unable to feel emotional pain in the same way they are unable to feel physical pain?

Posted: 02 Sep 2019 05:02 AM PDT

People with congenital insensitivity to pain (or congenital analgesia) can't feel physical pain. According to a study by Eisenberger, the same part of the brain controls both physical and emotional pain. So, does this mean that people with this condition also cannot feel emotional pain?

submitted by /u/LivH-C
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So if you got shot and weren’t hit in any vital organs (heart, lungs, arteries etc), do you just need to stop the bleeding to survive?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 03:53 PM PDT

For context, I'm watching a movie, no one has actually been shot.

If you were, for example, shot in the arm, gut or shoulder by a small calibre weapon. Would the minimum required medical attention be a shit tonne of plasters (band aids for Americans)

submitted by /u/eesaa123
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What's the difference between a subperiod and an epoch?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 12:40 PM PDT

The ICS recognizes the Mississippian and the Pennsylvanian as subperiods. The Mississippian lasted 35.7 million years and the Pennsylvanian 24.3. By comparison the Late Cretaceous lasted 34.5 million years. So what's the difference between an epoch and a subperiod? It clearly isn't length.

submitted by /u/CoffeeEnthusiast7
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MATBG: Phenomenological Extended-Hubbard-Model Cluster Calculation?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 11:20 AM PDT

https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.09274

I have been following articles that look at the properties exhibited by the 1.1 degree magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG). If I understand the abstract of this article correctly, they basically ran a tunneling microscope over an MATBG sample and got some unique data which couldn't be reconciled with our current understanding of electron interactions by a model known as the Hubbard model. Instead, their 'discovery' to me seems like an alteration of the Hubbard model, in effect creating a new theoretical framework to understand electron interactions of MATBG.

Can someone explain the Hubbard model intuitively, and the changes to the model they made? I am trying to wrap my head around the significance of this.

submitted by /u/murphinate
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What were some of the last Dromaeosaurids to exist before the mass extinction?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 09:36 AM PDT

Why does exit pupil diameter matter in telescopes?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 12:34 PM PDT

As I understand it, your eye sees parallel light rays as coming from the same spot on whatever object you're viewing.

So it seems like your retina shouldn't care whether the light entered it as a 5 mm tube of light or a 4x concentrated 2.5 mm tube of light. Right? So why would a telescope with a larger exit pupil appear brighter?

submitted by /u/barbadosslim
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Yesterday I hiked a vertical mile and back over 15 miles of trail. I consumed only 3 average granola bars and 3 fruit leathers (like 1000 calories) in the 24 hours up to and during the hike. Where did my body extract that energy from?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 11:16 AM PDT

I know the liver will store and create glucose, but surely not enough to supply >5000 calories of exertion, right? And under conditions of starvation your body consumes muscle before fat, but is that the same in circumstances of acute demand (during which those muscles are being heavily used)?

submitted by /u/drpeterfoster
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Why do hurricane predictions change so frequently/drastically over the course of the storm?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 09:30 AM PDT

I was watching the news today and they said Hurricane Dorian had increased to a category 5 storm, when just yesterday it had been decreased to a category 3.

I know weather/meteorology isn't an exact science, but why does it seem like the hurricane predictions are just wild guesses?

submitted by /u/dolphinlover22
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Sunday, September 1, 2019

How do we know how to build large scale, but rare, civil engineering projects? (e.g. subways)

How do we know how to build large scale, but rare, civil engineering projects? (e.g. subways)

How do we know how to build large scale, but rare, civil engineering projects? (e.g. subways)

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 08:22 PM PDT

Melbourne (Australia) is building its first subway since the 1980's. Building subways doesn't seem that common around the world in general. When a project like this is undertaken, how do we find people who have expertise in building them? Furthermore, when the project ends, how is the expertise gained in building that project kept/maintained for the next one? Since these sort of projects are so rare, it seems hard for people to build up their experience to do each subsequent project better (as one would building multiple skyscrapers, or websites for example).

Are these projects mostly done by people doing it for the first time? Are they informed by past successes and failures somehow?

EDIT: Thanks everyone for the fantastic responses so far! A lot of people are focusing on the 'subway' example, which was which first prompted my question, but apparently aren't as rare as I first thought. So a side question would be, are there any projects where maintaining knowledge and experience in building it does become a problem, simply because the projects are so uncommon? My other thought was dams, but they seem common too.

submitted by /u/Kangaroony3000
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/r/AskHistorians Floating Feature on the History of Science and Technology! Come over to read and share your favorite stories from their history!

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 11:24 AM PDT

How is a human's immunity system measured? (ie, I see studies that says this or that increase your immune system. )

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 06:10 AM PDT

There are lots of articles about "mass tree planting" events across the world. What happens after they are planted? Do only half of them grow? What's the impact? Anybody know?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 06:05 AM PDT

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/climate-change-india-plants-220-million-trees-in-a-single-day-to-save-the-planet/

Here is a link to a massive tree planting they did recently in India. It's an awesome movement and I'm so glad to see many nation's making this a part of their process toward addressing climate change. But, what happens after the trees are in the ground? I'd love to know.

submitted by /u/M4D_SCIEN7IST
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How do physicists make two atomic/sub atomic elements crash into each other?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 11:17 PM PDT

What I'm really confused about is the size of the atomic elements, they are so small, but yet, physicists are able to make two of them crash into each other after accelerating them many times over with just magnetic forces. How is this type of precise control possible?

submitted by /u/frodog5050
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Do smells/odours truly disappear from things over time or do we just get used to them?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 06:20 AM PDT

For context, someone in my family was cooking some steak downstairs and he did so without really ensuring the windows were open etc. As a result, the smell of meat/smoke went up in the house and I think it went into some of the clothes in my room upstairs.

Will these odour particles go on there own after time? Do these odours just hang around and disappear without any other impact or do we just get used to them?

submitted by /u/Ballsonhard
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How do people determine the tilt of a planet of direction is relative in space?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 05:58 AM PDT

How Does Light From a Laser Operate When Passing Through Incredibly Tight Gaps?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 10:47 PM PDT

I had a neat idea that I want to explore (using wavelength-specific systems to process information at non-binary bases). But to get such an idea working on the scale of modern computers I'd need to get the pathways down to or below 14 nanometers, after some cursory googling I've come to the conclusion that light is far to unpredictable for me to fully understand so instead I'd like to ask a few questions to people who absolutely know more than I do:
1: how does the wavelength of a photon effect the space it can travel through?
2: would this effect it turning corners?
3: does the wavelength of a beam of light change how well it can be detected?
4: what are the modern limits on the wavelength range of photovoltaic cells and light emission systems like lasers? 5: are there any materials or compounds that react to specific wavelengths of light and maintain their state for very long amounts of time?

submitted by /u/AlexStorm1337
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How did Pangea break apart if the tectonic plates didn't have much "wiggle room"?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 04:34 AM PDT

My understanding of tectonic plates is that they fit together like pieces of a jigsaw on the earth's surface. They have a little bit of wiggle room to move along the magma below, but not so much that they could move all over the earth without hitting into another plate.

How then could Pangea get split up so much? It's like two adjacent pieces of the jigsaw managed to move to opposite sides of the puzzle; did they slide over their neighbours to get away from each other?

I think that maybe some parts of the plates slid under their neighbours and were lost, while at other parts of the plate, magma was released and rebuilt forming new plate (like if a road was being extended at one end and destroyed at the other, it would look like the plate's 'moving'). I haven't seen explicitly said anywhere so either I'm wrong or I'm just not googling the right string of words!

submitted by /u/ChineseMurderVans
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Has the inclination of WR 104 ever been firmly determined, or do we still not know?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 11:26 AM PDT

I'm sorry, I really am, I am not sure if these questions are allowed, or if they are seen as immensely irritating.

I have recently sadly become overwhelmed with anxiety over Earth's safety (yes, I am trying to get help), and this is one of the biggest ones that bugs me, because I see information swing back and forth. I cannot find much information on the WR 104 binary system beyond 2015. Before 2009, the inclination is said to be <12°, and then a year later it was said to be maybe MUCH larger after spectroscopy. However, on Wikipedia, it states its inclination is back to 16°, with no reference linked. I did see this paper, but I have never seen any reports on it at all.

So, is Earth back in WR 104's sights, or is it still up in the air?
(and if I am allowed a second question, do astronomers still believe that the chance of a GRB in the Milky Way is still roughly 1% due to metallicity?)

submitted by /u/venting11202
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How did the Dicynodonts (Placerias, Dinodontosaurus, Ischigualalastia) go extinct?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 12:10 PM PDT

Dicynodontia is a taxon of anomodont therapsids with beginnings in the mid-Permian, which were dominant in the Late Permian and continued throughout the Triassic, with a few possibly surviving into the Early Cretaceous. Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with two tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'.

Scientific name: Dicynodontia

Phylum: Chordata

Rank: Infraorder

Clade: †Chainosauria

Higher classification: Anomodont

Order: Therapsida

submitted by /u/Kingkongpizzapop2
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Why can't we synthesize the top shelf, super expensive, 40 years old scotch in the lab? Is there anything about the scotch only achievable by aging it more?

Posted: 01 Sep 2019 03:06 AM PDT

On Jupiter there is a storm that never ends. Is that something that could happen on Earth?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 04:13 PM PDT

I'm thinking not but global warming is a doggy's momma.

submitted by /u/simAlity
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Before Copernicus, what did people think a year was?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 10:07 AM PDT

So, people believed that the sun revolved around the Earth until after the Copernican revolution, but we had also known that a year was 365.25 long days since Classical Antiquity, so what did people believe a year was before Copernicus? It couldn't just have been "one orbit around the sun" because nobody believed the Earth revolved around the sun. Was it simply the idea that a 'year' was one full cycle of the seasons?

submitted by /u/HenriettaLeaveIt
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If I was on the Moon during a Lunar Eclipse, would the landscape be covered in red light?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 01:24 PM PDT

Does organ donors need to be the same sex as the recipient of said organ?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 09:46 PM PDT

If not, does a XX organ have a higher rejection rate when placed in a XY body? Is this how it even works at all?

submitted by /u/MaelstromRH
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Movies often show villains taking over the airways and broadcasting their own message. What prevents someone from doing this IRL?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 02:12 PM PDT

Does increasing muscle mass also affect the tensile strength of tendons?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 09:07 PM PDT

Let's take a body builder, do their tendons have a higher tensile strength than an average person?

submitted by /u/MordecaiKravits
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How do alpha particle emitters work?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 04:47 PM PDT

The other day in chemistry we learned about the gold foil experiment. I had a nagging question though, how does the alpha-particle emitter work, and how did Rutherford have access to it?

submitted by /u/flagjt
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would we be able to feel gravitational waves if our planet orbited two colliding black holes?

Posted: 31 Aug 2019 03:41 PM PDT

gravitational waves gets weaker as they travel across space with the two colliding black holes only measuring a movement of 1/1000th of a proton, so i'm wondering if we would actually feel it if we were close to the epicenter? or would relativity get in the way?

submitted by /u/MLPorsche
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