How should I imagine a Jurassic prairie, in terms of the common plants, without major grasses or flowering plants? What would have been the default "ground cover" for such an environ?

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• How should I imagine a Jurassic prairie, in terms of the common plants, without major grasses or flowering plants? What would have been the default "ground cover" for such an environ?
• Are bees the best pollinators? And could other pollinators take their place?
• What prevents power from flowing from my electrical appliances containing a battery, back to the grid?
• When a rocket is about to take of there is always a gas coming out of the rocket before the lift of, why?
• Why do distant lights flicker?
• Do penguins have knees and if yes, can they even use them?
• How do we know the amount of a species in the wild?
• Why doesn’t anybody want to find more stable isotopes of existing elements?
• If a floating object displaces an amount of water equal to its weight, then why would a melting iceberg make the sea level rise?
• Are there wildfires in the Amazon?
• When a large meteor burns up in the atmosphere and leaves a lingering cloud-like trail in the sky- what’s that trail made of?
• Are all solar systems are the product of an earlier star that existed in the same location? What do we know of the star that birthed out solar system, and does it have a name?
• What's the difference between valency and oxidation states?
• Who gets better fuel mileage? Truck driving 5 kms on flat ground at 60 MPH, or same truck driving up and down hills but end at the exact same elevation, same speed and distance.
• In climate science, why is altitude often measured in hPa (pressure) instead of meters?
• Why does taking N-Acetyl Cysteine(NAC) before drinking alcohol protect the liver, but taking it after actually exacerbates the damage done by the alcohol?
• What is the elimination half-life of morphine-3-glucuronide and codeine-6-glucuronide in human subjects?
• From a quantum mechanics perspective, why is a lower energy state more stable?

How should I imagine a Jurassic prairie, in terms of the common plants, without major grasses or flowering plants? What would have been the default "ground cover" for such an environ? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 07:25 PM PDT submitted by /u/CzarRictus [link] [comments]

Are bees the best pollinators? And could other pollinators take their place? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 05:40 PM PDT Why are bees held in much higher esteem than other pollinators? Are they the most efficient pollinators? And if so, what gives them the edge over other pollinators? Additionally, if bees dissapeared today would it be possible for plants to be pollinated just as efficiently if an extant species rose up to fill in the bee's "job"? submitted by /u/DunkeyKunga [link] [comments]

What prevents power from flowing from my electrical appliances containing a battery, back to the grid? Posted: 10 Aug 2019 05:19 AM PDT I know electrical power flows from a higher electrical potential point to a lower one, my question is whether this is the only mechanism that stops my laptop's battery from discharging into the grid or if there are some other mechanisms in place? submitted by /u/elmakabu [link] [comments]

When a rocket is about to take of there is always a gas coming out of the rocket before the lift of, why? Posted: 10 Aug 2019 04:56 AM PDT submitted by /u/MelskiWelski [link] [comments]

Why do distant lights flicker? Posted: 10 Aug 2019 05:31 AM PDT submitted by /u/dobrabitka [link] [comments]

Do penguins have knees and if yes, can they even use them? Posted: 10 Aug 2019 05:26 AM PDT So I had this question because I saw that most penguins basically only have their feet visible but nothing of their legs. So if they have legs, do they even have knees in there or like what? submitted by /u/Nambay [link] [comments]

How do we know the amount of a species in the wild? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 07:16 PM PDT I was watching some videos today on nearly extinct wildlife and as I watched I would hear "There are only around X left in the wild". Now, I know that number isn't precise, per say, but I am curious. How do they go about estimating the amount of a species left out in the wild? submitted by /u/Manic_Writer [link] [comments]

Why doesn’t anybody want to find more stable isotopes of existing elements? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 11:22 AM PDT With all the talk about discovering new elements, other elements are just left behind. Take astatine, for example. While it theoretically has a stable isotope, it's still heavier than any isotope discovered or created. It'll surely be easier to add more neutrons to astatine than try to make element 119 or 120. With the many, possibly unique properties of the those near the end of the periodic table, it seems like a no-brainer to try and look into those as well as discovering new ones. submitted by /u/PixelJack79 [link] [comments]

If a floating object displaces an amount of water equal to its weight, then why would a melting iceberg make the sea level rise? Posted: 10 Aug 2019 02:17 AM PDT If an iceberg melts, wouldn't the volume of water added to the ocean be equal to the volume of water that was already displaced by the iceberg? submitted by /u/_ivanthespacebiker [link] [comments]

Are there wildfires in the Amazon? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 12:02 PM PDT I was just watching this CNN "Connect The World" report/episode, and they were [showing clips of fly over sections of the Amazon rainforest]( Ignoring the source/wording/topic of that show (I am not intending to argue about the source, you'll get the gist of what I'm asking if it's on mute while you're watching). When I was watching that "fly over the rainforest" part, seeing those images, I was expecting it to look a bit more like the BC forests/rainforest, or California's forests, where there's obvious damage to the forest from wildfires, and new fires each year. I am specifically trying to understand why the Amazon doesn't appear to be as affected by fire as the California and BC mountains/forests/rainforests. I tried researching before asking you guys, but all I am able to find is very targeted, specific articles like this one, claiming that Amazon rainforests are earnestly fireproof on their own, but due to human interference they're now catching fire as well. Specific Questions Is this just because there aren't as many people in the Amazon so it's not as common for it to affect populations, and therefore not reported on as frequently? Are all of the wildfires down the West coast of Canada and the US caused by humans, and due to fewer humans residing in the Amazon it's not as common? Is this because of the types of trees that grow on the different climates being more or less resilient to fire? Note/context: I hope this post doesn't come off as obtuse or rude somehow. I don't have any ulterior motive in asking this. I just don't have much knowledge about how the Amazon rainforest functions. When autoplay showed me the CNN "Connect The World" clip the images just caught my attention because they don't look anything like the forests I've visited in person throughout both Canada and the US. I really appreciate if anyone could help explain this for me. Please and thanks in advance!! submitted by /u/justarandomcommenter [link] [comments]

When a large meteor burns up in the atmosphere and leaves a lingering cloud-like trail in the sky- what’s that trail made of? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 04:00 PM PDT submitted by /u/darwinpatrick [link] [comments]

Are all solar systems are the product of an earlier star that existed in the same location? What do we know of the star that birthed out solar system, and does it have a name? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 08:36 AM PDT submitted by /u/pelican_chorus [link] [comments]

What's the difference between valency and oxidation states? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 08:32 AM PDT submitted by /u/Ciltan [link] [comments]

Who gets better fuel mileage? Truck driving 5 kms on flat ground at 60 MPH, or same truck driving up and down hills but end at the exact same elevation, same speed and distance. Posted: 09 Aug 2019 03:17 PM PDT submitted by /u/Ohjay1982 [link] [comments]

In climate science, why is altitude often measured in hPa (pressure) instead of meters? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 01:31 PM PDT e.g. the third plot in this page: https://sites.uci.edu/zlabe/arctic-temperatures/ submitted by /u/coldboat [link] [comments]

Why does taking N-Acetyl Cysteine(NAC) before drinking alcohol protect the liver, but taking it after actually exacerbates the damage done by the alcohol? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 09:07 AM PDT In reference to this study. When taken 30 minutes before ethanol administration, NAC acts as an anti-oxidant, mostly as a glutathione precursor, and mitigates some of the oxidative damage done to liver cells. However, when administered AFTER ethanol administration, they believe it may behave in a pro-oxidant manner and double down on the damage. What would cause this? Is it likely to be dose-dependent? And if this is the case with ethanol, why is it not the case when massive doses of NAC are administered after acetaminophen overdose? After researching as much as I can on the internet, this one study is the only mention I can find of this negative interaction. submitted by /u/Richard_Thrust [link] [comments]

What is the elimination half-life of morphine-3-glucuronide and codeine-6-glucuronide in human subjects? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 12:25 PM PDT The question says it all. I have tried to search on google and in research papers but so far haven't been able to find an answer... so what is the elimination half-life of morphine-3-glucuronide and codeine-6-glucuronide in the human body? Thank you! submitted by /u/Ell2509 [link] [comments]

From a quantum mechanics perspective, why is a lower energy state more stable? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 12:14 PM PDT Hi guys, Thus far my understanding (superficial though) comes from a Q&A from Physics SE in which one user states that 'systems go to lower energy states when they share their energy with some other system' which in-turn has so many degrees of freedom that 'energy is divided into indiscernible small portions.' submitted by /u/Al-Andalusia [link] [comments]

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Scientists think the Earth had 2 periods of time when it was almost completely covered in ice. They only lasted a few million years. Do we have any way of knowing if Europa or Enceladus might be in similar temporary freezes? Or is theirs a clearly permanent state?

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• Scientists think the Earth had 2 periods of time when it was almost completely covered in ice. They only lasted a few million years. Do we have any way of knowing if Europa or Enceladus might be in similar temporary freezes? Or is theirs a clearly permanent state?
• How are animal toxicity studies related back to humans when different species find different things toxic?
• Can unborn babies have allergic reactions/do they have allergies?
• Why do medicines that work as painkillers typically also reduce fever?
• What was the main theory of the extinction of the dinosaurs, pre-discovery of the Chicxulub crater?
• Is it possible that small exoplanet, which does not acquire magnetosphere, has an atmosphere?
• Besides the famous Janus cat, "Frank and Louie," have there been any other publicized cases of diprosopus (not sure of adjective form) animals (those with a duplicated face) surviving into adulthood and ultimately dying for reasons unrelated or mostly unrelated to their condition?
• Why does a tropical storm's outflow have an anticyclonic motion?
• Is immunotherapy effective on brain tumors?
• For a container with two holes in a liquid exerting a pressure. Is the force of the liquid through each hole the same as the force through the hole of only one hole were there?
• What exactly determines something as a null geodesic, and why do massless particles like photons follow the null geodesic? Also, why does gravity affect the null-geodesic?
• What does "Earth-analog outgassing rates for surface pressure" mean?
• Why don’t the inside of pipes erode away?
• I know they act on serotonin receptors like 5-HT1D, but how exactly do triptans abort migraines?
• When is the butterfly's sex determined? Is it when it hatches into a caterpillar or when it transforms from a caterpillar to a butterfly inside the pupae? And if the answer is the first option, does the caterpillar have any sorts of genitalia or something that reveals its sex?
• How do people predict the paths of forest fires?
• What do we mean when we refer to the age of the universe?

Scientists think the Earth had 2 periods of time when it was almost completely covered in ice. They only lasted a few million years. Do we have any way of knowing if Europa or Enceladus might be in similar temporary freezes? Or is theirs a clearly permanent state? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 07:43 PM PDT submitted by /u/UserNamesCantBeTooLo [link] [comments]

How are animal toxicity studies related back to humans when different species find different things toxic? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 01:46 PM PDT Let's take raisins for example. If you were testing raisins in dogs, the LD50 would be really low compared to the LD50 in humans. How do we account for these differences? Are there animals that have consistently had similar toxicities as humans that are used (mice? pigs?)? Are compounds tested in many different species? I know they can be tested on human cell lines, but that doesn't necessarily equate to the whole system. submitted by /u/chocolatem00se [link] [comments]

Can unborn babies have allergic reactions/do they have allergies? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 07:24 AM PDT What are the potential affects? Could it kill the fetus? submitted by /u/semipreciousmetal [link] [comments]

Why do medicines that work as painkillers typically also reduce fever? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 07:30 PM PDT submitted by /u/gilbertopr16 [link] [comments]

What was the main theory of the extinction of the dinosaurs, pre-discovery of the Chicxulub crater? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 05:36 AM PDT submitted by /u/Rubiqcube [link] [comments]

Is it possible that small exoplanet, which does not acquire magnetosphere, has an atmosphere? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 01:02 AM PDT To my small understanding, the magnetosphere is necessary to have atmosphere because of solar winds which can destroy atmosphere (this happened on Mars right). And we are almost sure that planets exist outside of star systems. So hypothetically, is it possible for such planet to sustain atmosphere without functional magnetosphere outside of star system? Thanks and please be sympathetic with me. I am no close to astronomy and english (unfortunately). submitted by /u/Frolda_ [link] [comments]

Besides the famous Janus cat, "Frank and Louie," have there been any other publicized cases of diprosopus (not sure of adjective form) animals (those with a duplicated face) surviving into adulthood and ultimately dying for reasons unrelated or mostly unrelated to their condition? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 02:41 AM PDT submitted by /u/GayCoonie [link] [comments]

Why does a tropical storm's outflow have an anticyclonic motion? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 08:38 AM PDT I recently saw a gif of clouds moving away from a typhoon in a clockwise flow instead of anti-clockwise (northern hemisphere). A quick google search told me that that was cyclone outflow and it happens because 'vorticity is reduced as air is lifted through the storm'. But then why does the spin then reverse? Why does it not seem to be affected by the Coriolis effect? Thank you! submitted by /u/mistaknomore [link] [comments]

Is immunotherapy effective on brain tumors? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 08:52 PM PDT With extensive searches there is little information to find one way or another. Most sites discuss what scientists and medical facilities hope to achieve for patients, but little information about what is currently achievable. Is immunotherapy a current and effective option for brain tumor patients? submitted by /u/Ks427236 [link] [comments]

For a container with two holes in a liquid exerting a pressure. Is the force of the liquid through each hole the same as the force through the hole of only one hole were there? Posted: 09 Aug 2019 12:14 AM PDT If the area of each hole is A, and liquid Pr. Is P, if the force of liquid through one hole P/2A or P/A? submitted by /u/TakenNameception [link] [comments]

What exactly determines something as a null geodesic, and why do massless particles like photons follow the null geodesic? Also, why does gravity affect the null-geodesic? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 09:14 PM PDT From my understanding light travels along the null-geodesic. If it would try to pass an object with high mass (e.g. a black hole), the null geodesic is affected by the gravitational pull, which also causes light to be pulled respectively, which would also slow down time. At the same time, isn't the null-geodesic a "status" where time does not exist because the Minkowski metric is 0? I think I've got some stuff mixed up, and I'd like to understand it more. submitted by /u/SG_Nightman [link] [comments]

What does "Earth-analog outgassing rates for surface pressure" mean? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 12:20 PM PDT I'm reading this paper: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1907/1907.13215.pdf page 8, 10 lines down. submitted by /u/derp_status [link] [comments]

Why don’t the inside of pipes erode away? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 01:39 PM PDT submitted by /u/Jak12523 [link] [comments]

I know they act on serotonin receptors like 5-HT1D, but how exactly do triptans abort migraines? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 02:27 PM PDT submitted by /u/lavos__spawn [link] [comments]

When is the butterfly's sex determined? Is it when it hatches into a caterpillar or when it transforms from a caterpillar to a butterfly inside the pupae? And if the answer is the first option, does the caterpillar have any sorts of genitalia or something that reveals its sex? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 02:40 AM PDT submitted by /u/Plopp13_ [link] [comments]

How do people predict the paths of forest fires? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 09:15 AM PDT I always see the predicted path of a forest fire, but what factors lead to where to fire burns? I know the wind is probably one factor but what else determines the path of the fire? submitted by /u/foxtrot888 [link] [comments]

What do we mean when we refer to the age of the universe? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 02:21 AM PDT If gravitational time dilation means that the speed of a clock is affected by the mass in the local area of space, then different physical regions of the universe will have different times elapsed since the big bang. The age of the space inhabited by the solar system will be different to that in the intergalactic vacuum. Wouldn't the vacuum observer come up with a different age? What exactly is it that is 13.772 billion years old? submitted by /u/NeuralParity [link] [comments]

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The cosmological constant is sometimes regarded as the worst prediction is physics... what could possibly account for the difference of 120 orders of magnitude between the predicted value and the actually observed value?

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• The cosmological constant is sometimes regarded as the worst prediction is physics... what could possibly account for the difference of 120 orders of magnitude between the predicted value and the actually observed value?
• AskScience AMA Series: I am a scientist whose research could greatly increase black bean yields in Haiti - AMA!
• How we know or discern the nutriant values in the nutritional facts on foods?
• Why is cancer in the colon so much more likely than in the small intestine?
• Does a hot object in a vacuum with an emissivity gradient self propel?
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology
• What is the meaning of the wave-vectors?
• Why is pelmatozoa no longer a classification of echinodermata?
• Does our moon have moons?
• What’s the core of the moon like?
• Does angular velocity of an object influences the gravity it generates? If yes than how?
• For animals that groom themselves, do larger individuals spend more time grooming?
• Since we have built a "planet-sized telescope" to directly image a black hole, would it be possible to get an even higher resolution image by sending up several spacecraft equipped with the same telescopes and use the same method to create an effective size of millions of kilometers?
• Can an occluded artery affect its parent-artery?
• Is there voltage on the neutral wire when a circuit is closed? Current?
• Does the primordial sound exist?
• What happens to the spectator ion in a precipitate reaction?
• How do Colloids work?

The cosmological constant is sometimes regarded as the worst prediction is physics... what could possibly account for the difference of 120 orders of magnitude between the predicted value and the actually observed value? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 02:59 PM PDT submitted by /u/lamp4321 [link] [comments]

AskScience AMA Series: I am a scientist whose research could greatly increase black bean yields in Haiti - AMA! Posted: 08 Aug 2019 04:00 AM PDT My name is Franky Celestin - born and raised in Haiti - I will receive my master's degree this weekend from the University of Florida's Soil & Water Sciences Department. My preliminary field work in Haiti shows the right soil management practices can increase black bean yields. (The average yield for the crop in Haiti is one of the lowest IN THE WORLD!) The next step is to conduct the research on a larger scale in Haiti beginning this fall. I'm here at 3pm ET (19 UT), AMA! submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

How we know or discern the nutriant values in the nutritional facts on foods? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 07:47 AM PDT submitted by /u/Caffeine_and_Alcohol [link] [comments]

Why is cancer in the colon so much more likely than in the small intestine? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 01:32 PM PDT submitted by /u/nilorac94 [link] [comments]

Does a hot object in a vacuum with an emissivity gradient self propel? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 10:29 AM PDT Imagine a spherical object with mass existed in empty space with no other mass, with the object initially at rest. If this object has one side of it with a higher emissivity than the other side, and it is at some non zero temperature, will it self propel due to its radiation being biased to one side? submitted by /u/easyleezy [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology Posted: 07 Aug 2019 08:13 AM PDT Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

What is the meaning of the wave-vectors? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 04:56 AM PDT I'm reading a paper by Belov, Tretyakov and Viitanen. In this paper they discuss the dispersion properties of a wave travelling through a parallel wire medium. [ https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ed7a/869d4a0f71c24c7ba4ba40332259417a513d.pdf ] ​ In the paper they start by solving for the electric and magnetic field in this infinite periodic structure as a result of current amplitudes that has a plane wave term: I_(m,n) = I exp(-j (q_x am + q_ybn + q_z z)Then the analysis continues. As I understand it the wave modes in the medium will have the wave vector q. So far so good. They solve for a dispersion equation and at some point they add floquet mode wave vector k. I don't know what they mean by this because I assumed that the wave vector q from the dispersion equation will already be the Floquet wave vector but appartently it isn't. I don't understand what specifically wave vector q and wave vector k represent individually. Normally with these band gap materials or in waveguide problems one has a wave vector that represents the wave vector that corresponds to the frequency: k=2*pi*f/c. And then you have a wave-vector of the geometry as a result of dispersion which can represent a slow wave. For waveguides this is k=sqrt(k_0^2 + eigen modes). But in this material they evantually have: q^2 = k^2 - k_0^2 where k_0 is an equivalent to the plasma frequency. So how should I go about understanding these wave vectors q and k? This gets especially confusing since in another paper that builds on this work, they use wave vectors β , β_h, β_p, k, k_inc. And I have no clue whether in this paper k = q or β = q. Thanks :) submitted by /u/vgnEngineer [link] [comments]

Why is pelmatozoa no longer a classification of echinodermata? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 04:10 AM PDT submitted by /u/pupsbeka [link] [comments]

Does our moon have moons? Posted: 08 Aug 2019 06:25 AM PDT submitted by /u/Agentx6021 [link] [comments]

What’s the core of the moon like? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 12:26 PM PDT submitted by /u/Cows_Killed_My_Mom [link] [comments]

Does angular velocity of an object influences the gravity it generates? If yes than how? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 12:41 PM PDT submitted by /u/Pizzas_Bear [link] [comments]

For animals that groom themselves, do larger individuals spend more time grooming? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 02:20 PM PDT The surface area that needs to be groomed is going to increase with the size of the individual. So it seem logical that they may need to spend more time on the task to stay clean. For example, do large felines like tigers/lions spend more time grooming themselves than house cats due to their size? submitted by /u/dagit [link] [comments]

Since we have built a "planet-sized telescope" to directly image a black hole, would it be possible to get an even higher resolution image by sending up several spacecraft equipped with the same telescopes and use the same method to create an effective size of millions of kilometers? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 06:05 PM PDT sub question: Is there an upper limit to how large we could make a telescope using this method? submitted by /u/Stupid_question_bot [link] [comments]

Can an occluded artery affect its parent-artery? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 02:14 PM PDT Can an occluded artery cause any problems to the artery irrigating into it? Blood would attempt to flow through the occluded artery, then the clot (be a thrombus or an embolus) in that artery would stop blood from flowing, so what happens next? Will this blood be forcibly pushed back to its main artery? Does it overload[excuse my non-med background] the main irrigating artery and put it on risk of rupturing, or at least makes it deranged, consequently rupturing over time? submitted by /u/aaqi2 [link] [comments]

Is there voltage on the neutral wire when a circuit is closed? Current? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 03:43 PM PDT I have a decent understanding of electricity, but a discussion with one of my coworkers today got both of us thinking. We were discussing a neutral wire coming back from a load and going back to the main panel of the house. Obviously you need the neutral to make a complete circuit. But as I understand it, it is the load which draws amps through the circuit, and his point was that there was no current flowing on the neutral wire coming back from the load. On one hand that makes sense, because it's the load on the circuit that's drawing the amps. And also it's called the neutral for a reason; obviously it carries no voltage when the circuit is open, but would it still read 0 volts to ground when the circuit is closed? On the other hand, if current doesn't actually need to flow through the neutral wire in the first place, then why is it even necessary? Obviously you need a complete circuit, and I question my coworker because having no current flowing back through the neutral wire sort of makes it seem like that half of the circuit is useless; what's the point of a wire in a circuit if no current ever actually passes through that wire? And unlike a ground wire, the neutral wire is insulted, which makes me think there's got to be current moving through it. Except that, as I understand it, all neutrals in a house actually tie back into a central ground at the main panel. So why would a neutral need to be insulted, but not the ground, when the neutral wires tie back to the ground anyways? Basically, what the hell is the deal with electricity along the neutral wire? Is there current flowing, even if it's a minuscule amount? Is the voltage to ground on the neutral wire 0 even when the circuit is closed? I suppose it would have to be, considering that neutral's all connect back to the ground. As I write this I get more confused. Is there any flow of electrons through the neutral wire? If not, why's it there? submitted by /u/MaesterRigney [link] [comments]

Does the primordial sound exist? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 11:48 AM PDT Reading about meditation sparked some interest in this subject. According to several reputable meditation centers, who don't care for the spiritually religious side of meditations, have stayed that the expansion of the universe makes a sound. This is referred to as the primordial sound and I would like to know if the actual scientific community has any backing to this idea this. TL;DR : Does the primordial sound spiritualists refer to exist? submitted by /u/inamo1337 [link] [comments]

What happens to the spectator ion in a precipitate reaction? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 08:01 AM PDT So i'm going to try and explain it as well as i can but i might use the wrong terms and such since english isn't my first language sorry in advance I was wondering during precipitate reactions what happens to the spectator ions. Since they do not participate in the reaction i wanted to know if they 1. Are still bonded with the other ion in the salt? 2. Regain the electrons that moved over to the other ion For example in the precipitate reaction between barium nitrate and sulfate, barium sulfate will form as a solid but what happens to the nitrate? is it still bonded with barium? Do the electrons go back to barium and bond with the sulfate? Also as a side question what exactly is the bond between the electron and the positive ion? I know it's connected and the electron is over at the negative ion but what force is keeping them together? submitted by /u/Stealbork98 [link] [comments]

How do Colloids work? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 08:04 AM PDT I understand that they are molecules that are used in mixtures to create a sort of "gelling" but is it because how they are arranged or due to specific bonds? How does its presence actually cause particles from not being able to settle? submitted by /u/turtledick37 [link] [comments]

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When we take footage of the ocean floor that isn't reached by sunlight, are the lights used for filming harmful to the ocean life?

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• When we take footage of the ocean floor that isn't reached by sunlight, are the lights used for filming harmful to the ocean life?
• Why are batteries arrays made with cylindrical batteries rather than square prisms so they can pack even better?
• When does cancer become terminal?
• Do male Lions hunt differently than female Lions?
• Why do shots tend to make the area around the puncture site sore?
• Why does pulling on the skin at the corners of your eyes blur your vision even though nothing is obstructing your field of vision?
• Is -5 minimal possible reduction state for an atom or a molecule?
• When understanding whether a molecule is Polar or Nonpolar, does the Electronegativity value or net dipole take precedence in determining its polarity?
• Roasting coffee - does it change caffeine levels?
• Does the ionisation of an atom via the decay of a radioactive element result in an atom of a separate element becoming unstable or radioactive itself?
• Two balls are tied together with rope, and separated by 1 billion lightyears. What is the tension in the rope?
• Do people with Situs Inversus need similarly flipped organs for transplants?

When we take footage of the ocean floor that isn't reached by sunlight, are the lights used for filming harmful to the ocean life? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 05:50 PM PDT submitted by /u/monsterpwn [link] [comments]

Why are batteries arrays made with cylindrical batteries rather than square prisms so they can pack even better? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 08:38 AM PDT submitted by /u/DanialE [link] [comments]

When does cancer become terminal? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 02:27 AM PDT People with cancer survive with an operation or some sort of medical treatment but when the doctor says it's terminal, when exactly does that happen and what does it mean? Is it possible to survive after the cancer has been termed as terminal? submitted by /u/aT_1900 [link] [comments]

Do male Lions hunt differently than female Lions? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 10:52 PM PDT submitted by /u/-high_roller- [link] [comments]

Why do shots tend to make the area around the puncture site sore? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 04:38 PM PDT submitted by /u/PretendToBePleasant [link] [comments]

Why does pulling on the skin at the corners of your eyes blur your vision even though nothing is obstructing your field of vision? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 03:48 PM PDT Does it have to do with thingies behind your eyes? submitted by /u/me_llamo_jamon [link] [comments]

Is -5 minimal possible reduction state for an atom or a molecule? Posted: 07 Aug 2019 12:43 AM PDT As far as I understand, it is possible to strip a nucleus from all of its electrons and ionize it as far as to its proton number (+6 for C, +7 for N etc). My understanding is that nothing terrible will happen to the nucleus and it won't break apart or "generate" missing electrons from nothing. But how far can you go in the opposite direction? I know it is possible to fill the outer electron shell of a nucleus, i.e. reduce boron to -5 or carbon to -4, but is it possible to go further, i.e. "wrap" an extra electron shell around a nucleus? Or at least go up to -6 or -7. Would extra electrons "fly away"? What exactly keeps electrons from leaving an anion with a full outer shell? Edit: I guess the title should have been "for an ion"?.. submitted by /u/Momoneko [link] [comments]

When understanding whether a molecule is Polar or Nonpolar, does the Electronegativity value or net dipole take precedence in determining its polarity? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 11:53 PM PDT For example BeCl2 is Nonpolar in terms of net dipole forces but its DeltaEN is 1.5 which would catagorize it as a Polar covalent bond. So is BeCl2 Polar or Nonpolar? submitted by /u/Tunathechicken [link] [comments]

Roasting coffee - does it change caffeine levels? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 10:15 AM PDT I understand that caffeine has a melting point of 455 degrees, (F) and as a coffee roaster I know that roasts don't go that far. To my mind this would mean that there should be no discernible difference in caffeine content between a light, medium or dark roast. I have also read this short paper by Juliet Han, which appears to confirm this (with a few outliers). ​ However! Is there any other method by which caffeine could be released from the coffee beans during the roasting process? In such a way that would make any appreciable difference between a light and a dark roast? I was thinking of things like evaporation and sublimation, but I don't know if they would apply to the roasting process. submitted by /u/AnEnormousSquid [link] [comments]

Does the ionisation of an atom via the decay of a radioactive element result in an atom of a separate element becoming unstable or radioactive itself? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 10:03 AM PDT As above: For example- Would a gamma ray released from decaying radium result in a nearby carbon atom becoming radioactive itself due to it's ionisation? submitted by /u/MarksmanMarold [link] [comments]

Two balls are tied together with rope, and separated by 1 billion lightyears. What is the tension in the rope? Posted: 06 Aug 2019 04:02 AM PDT At 1 billion ly apart, the balls would ordinarily be receding from each other at about 160,000 km/s due to cosmological expansion. If the rope is keeping them at the same distance, is it possible to calculate the rope's tension? submitted by /u/TrainOfThought6 [link] [comments]

Do people with Situs Inversus need similarly flipped organs for transplants? Posted: 05 Aug 2019 09:14 PM PDT In the recent Hitman game a plot point is made about the fact that a character has Situs Inversus and has to resort to fishy activities to get a desperately needed heart transplant from another person with Situs Inversus, under the logic that a regular heart has the wrong orientation and would be useless for transplant. My question is, do people who actually suffer from Situs Inversus in real life need organs for transplant like hearts to match the orientation of their organs? As such would they then need to get these organs from other people with Situs Inversus? Or does it matter all that much and are there ways of 'Jerryrigging' the body to accept a regularly orientated heart in this circumstance without major side effects? submitted by /u/Khwarezm [link] [comments]

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