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Saturday, July 13, 2019

How far away are asteroids from each other?

How far away are asteroids from each other?


How far away are asteroids from each other?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 01:53 AM PDT

If I were standing (or clinging to, assuming the gravity is very low) on an asteroid in the asteroid belt, could I see other ones orbiting near me? Would I be able to jump to another one? Could we link a bunch together to make a sort of synthetic planet?

Also I'm never sure what flair to use. Forgive me if this is the wrong one.

submitted by /u/Slendeaway
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Does the permeability of balloons increase with mechanical stress?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 03:01 AM PDT

Aka does a ballon stays inflated less long after reuse?

Talking about the type of ballons you use with kids. (Made of latex?)

I know that latex, rubber and plastics have different permeability for different gases, but I am not sure whether this permeability can be affected mechanically.

If so, the common stretching of the uninflated ballon before first use might result in it holding less air.

submitted by /u/arnuschky
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Why is Mississippi so hilly?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 01:29 PM PDT

So I live in South Mississippi and I'm a dork who gets really excited by how pretty everything is here, and yet I never noticed until taking an overpass one day that our state is really hilly. I've hiked and experienced the hills but it never clicked until I saw the rolling canopy of pine trees one day. Then I started paying attention to the way the highway just seems cut through some hills and just go up and down others. I also notice a lot of hills where a stream isn't immediately nearby. What causes that? I'm sorry for the poorly structured question, I'm just tired of googling "why is Mississippi so hilly" with no answer.

submitted by /u/AnalFistingGuru
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Does a mountain's mass affect the gravity on top of it?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 04:45 AM PDT

On top of a mountain, a mass would be further from Earth, thus having a smaller gravitational pull, but at the same time it would also have the pull from the mountain, how would this affect the total weight a mass experiences?

submitted by /u/Xavieret271
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What is the octane number mean for petrol?

Posted: 13 Jul 2019 02:24 AM PDT

What kind of current is lightning? AC or DC?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 10:07 AM PDT

Why do your arms feel sore after getting a vaccine ?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 04:52 PM PDT

Just got caught up on my vaccines and my arms are feeling like I worked out. Does it have to do with the needle itself or the way you're body processes it ?

submitted by /u/Pyeong_Shin
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Can you use a step up transformer in series to create increasingly stronger magnetic fields?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 01:24 PM PDT

So, I am writing a bit of sci-fi, (I know, roll your eyes) and I want to include a Coilgun as part of the story that I am presenting. The idea I had was the gun was operated by a series of step up transformers, you induce a small amount of voltage to the first coil, and use some form of lever to catapult the projectile forward. Once the round reaches the field's center, the field is collapsed, and the secondary coil is charged with a much stronger voltage (like in an ignition coil on a vehicle.) That charge goes to the second stage transformer, which creates a much stronger magnetic field (in theory) which then collapses, increasing once again the amount of voltage in the system. Theoretically this could occur as many times as one wants, until the round is as fast as one desires for the effect. The voltage is then stored in capacitors after the firing sequence, and discharged for other uses. I have no idea at all if this could work, but if it could that would be a good thing to include in the book, it would make the gun more efficient because it would not need as much initial power for operation.

submitted by /u/RedBeard06
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Can you increase the volumetric flow rate of a river?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 05:27 PM PDT

With the Barry over NO right now, and the concern of flooding, would it be possible or even reasonable to construct a way to increase the volumetric flow rate at the mouth of the river (or any) with large pumps/ducts/leveys? If you could, would you be able to increase flow rate ahead of a storm like this to mitigate any additional rainfall? What technical/ecological changes would there be do something like this?

submitted by /u/TunaBoots
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How do we know how many calories something has?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 10:59 AM PDT

I've always just trusted the labels of foods for how many calories are in them but never really question where those number came from. How do we measure calories?

submitted by /u/ooMango
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Does tides also happen in rivers and lakes like they do in the ocean?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 11:33 AM PDT

Why does a hurricane weaken so rapidly on land?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 04:12 PM PDT

Storms pop up and strengthen over land all the time. Moment a hurricane comes on land though, seems to never go much farther than 200-300 miles before being just another heavy storm.

submitted by /u/TheDragonLake
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Why is color of the sky affected lot more severely by time of day (longitudinal angle differences) compared to how close you are to the equator/NS poles (latitudinal angle differences)?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 08:54 AM PDT

I have created figures to better explain my question.

My understanding of why the sky turns red during sunrise/sunset is as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

During sunrise and sunset (Figures 1 and 3), sunlight has to travel far through the atmosphere due to its angle relative to Earth's surface.

As sunlight travels through the atmosphere, it hits molecules and scatter, losing blue light in the process - sky is red.

During midday, distance sunlight travels is lot shorter, it retains its blue light - sky is blue.

However, if the longitudinal angle differences (time of day) and its affect on distances sunlight travel through the atmosphere ('atmospheric thickness') is the only reason why sky turns red during sunrise and sunset, why doesn't latitudinal angle differences affect the color in the same way?

Consider Figures 4 through 8 are at a constant longitudinal angle (same time of day).

The northern hemisphere (lets say northern Europe) and the equator (lets say central Africa) are located on same longitude (i.e. their time zones are the same).

During summer (Figures 4 and 5), northern Europe is not located at a latitudinal severe enough to affect distance of atmosphere sunlight has to travel - color of the sky is only affected by time of day.

However during winter (Figure 6), sunlight has to travel the through same 'thickness' of atmosphere that it travels during sunset (Figure 3).

Therefore, during winter, the specific part of northern Europe I marked in Figures 6 and 8 should see the red sky, all day.

And if two people are to take a picture in northern Europe and central Africa at the same time, the sky should be colored red and blue, respectively.

But from my understanding, this is not the case.

Earth is (almost) a sphere so any affect longitudinal angles have on 'atmospheric thickness' should be (almost) the same for latitudinal angles.

I was thinking that maybe I could answer myself if I can picture everything in 3D, instead of just 2D as shown in my Figures.

So longitudinal and latitudinal angles must be combined to create 'atmospheric thickness' severe enough have drastic changes in color.

However, this is clearly not the case since latitudinal angles have little to no impact on longitudinal angles with respect to the color of the sky.

If its time of sunrise, midday, or sunset, the colors will be same for northern Europe and central Africa.

Sure, duration of the day are different, but the color of the sky will still be red during sunrise/sunset and blue when its midday for both places.

If I could freeze time at 12 pm, and look up to the sky at central Africa, the sky will be blue.

If I travel north (time still frozen), I should be seeing the sun 'setting' to the south, where one point it will be near the horizon and the sky should be red, even when its 12 pm.

And at this location, the sky should be red all the time, as long as the sun is up, at certain time of the year (winter for northern Europe).

I've heard of midnight sun and extremely short/long day and night time but never a place that experience red sky for a whole day, maybe I'm just ignorant on that regards.

Sorry for the long post, just thought I had to explain the question clearly because when I asked my friends who major in astronomy and photonics, we wasted lots of time because they didn't fully get what I was asking.

submitted by /u/ttmanou
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Resonance - How do you determine how many of one atom can better stabilize a charge than a more electronegative atom?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 08:07 PM PDT

Why is it that it is more stable for a negative charge to be spread over 2 oxygens than one oxygen and 3 carbon atoms? Following that logic, why is it more stable to spread a negative charge over 3 oxygen atoms than over 1 oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom? Is it because the difference in electronegativity is much greater between the oxygen and carbon than it is between the oxygen and nitrogen?

Just to extend this idea, at what point does a hybrid carbon atom stabilize charge better than a more electronegative atom? For example, according to my textbook, an sp-hybrid C atom stabilizes negative charge better than a nitrogen atom. At what point does hybridization s effect overcome electronegativity?

submitted by /u/zayntheboss
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Friday, July 12, 2019

How does the single human prion protein (PrP) cause a number of different diseases (vCJD, fatal insomnia, kuru, etc) as it changes from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc)?

How does the single human prion protein (PrP) cause a number of different diseases (vCJD, fatal insomnia, kuru, etc) as it changes from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc)?


How does the single human prion protein (PrP) cause a number of different diseases (vCJD, fatal insomnia, kuru, etc) as it changes from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc)?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 07:02 AM PDT

As far as I can tell, the protein is the same (both in terms of the normal and disease-causing isoforms), and the mechanism is the same (misfolded protein converts normal protein in a chain reaction that leads to protease-resistant plaques). So why are there a number of related but distinct diseases associated with the human/mammalian prion protein?

submitted by /u/akaBrotherNature
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Why does the atmosphere not stratify itself by the molecular mass of its components, with the heaviest gas at the bottom (e.g. CO2, O2, N2...He2, H2) ?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 11:00 AM PDT

Why does basal cell carcinoma so rarely metastasize?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 03:07 PM PDT

Biochemically/genetically speaking.

submitted by /u/literaldehyde
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Are we born with our personality, or is it something we develop through experience?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 01:23 AM PDT

Could we make a rocket that uses both matter and antimatter? Could antimatter be used to propels us in the same way matter does? If it annihilates with matter after it propels something, does that mean it can't be used to propel something in a vacuum?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 07:25 PM PDT

How do we know if a meteorite came from the outer solar system?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 06:17 AM PDT

How does the body get rid of dead cells?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 03:27 PM PDT

My wife started chemotherapy this week. She asked me how the cancer exists the body. I'm a truck driver. I have no idea.

I looked it up as best I could and the closest I could get was reading that the body gets rid of billions of dead cells every day.

I assume that chemo kills cancer cells, then...

Somethings called Axl and Mer target the cells that are dead and summon Ligands.

From there macrophages swoop in and eat the dead cells.

I'm not sure I got all that right. But, if I did, what happens next? How do the macrophages get it to exit the body?

submitted by /u/Digyo
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What factors need to match between two people to be a valid bone marrow donor to a recipient?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 08:15 PM PDT

If someone were to donate marrow to someone else, is blood type the only factor that needs to be a match (assuming the donor is in all other ways a healthy and qualified donor?) or are there other factors at play that also need to be matched in a case-by-case basis?

submitted by /u/jude802
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Is the belief that a comet triggered the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction still the most widely held belief?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 02:49 PM PDT

If so, can someone explain to me how a comet could have triggered such a mass extinction?

submitted by /u/Santarini
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In what ways does the discovery of a thin accretion disk around NGC 3147 change our theories of black hole creation?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 11:01 PM PDT

Yesterday NASA released a finding about the super massive black hole in NGC 3147. They were studying low magnitude black holes, and found that the accretion disk is both much flatter and closer to the black hole than should be possible based on our ideas of how black holes work.

What, in our theories, is missing and going to need to be changed. One of the blogs I read was stating that this changes how we look at black hole generation, but did not give any details.

Thanks

submitted by /u/igloofu
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Collectively, do North American common starlings have a deficient amount of genetic material?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 01:07 PM PDT

I understand that all N. American starlings descend from 60 individual birds released in NYC's Central Park in 1890. Did this create a genetic bottleneck for their descendants? If so, has there been any interesting genetic impact? If not, why not - how do 60 individuals possess sufficient genetic material?

submitted by /u/elphin
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Can two photons hit an electron at the exact same time transmitting to it the same energy as it was hit by a single higher frequency photon?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 11:32 AM PDT

How do perfect pyrite cubes form in the halo of quartz veins?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 08:02 PM PDT

Veins form as a result of brittle fracturing of the country rock, and typically, silica rich fluids (hydrothermal fluids) rush in to fill the open space. These fluids can eventually form minerals within the vein and along the veins' margin, but how do euhedral pyrite cubes form in the halo of the veins (ie. the country rock)? Hydrothermal fluids should be too low in temperature to heat the country rock to a ductile regime, and the veins formed during brittle fracture.

submitted by /u/sufficing
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Do dyslexic people have the same problems with different writing systems? E.g. if they have problems with Latin script, will they have the same problems with Chinese characters?

Posted: 12 Jul 2019 12:50 AM PDT

Dumb question; does sound radiation exist?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 07:15 PM PDT

Just had a thought; let's take an analog sound engineer for example with heavy duty audio equipment; for night clubs.

The said sound engineer sits in there work both, have there system set up and playing.

Under those conditions with density of those vibrations and sound waves bouncing around.

Won't this be considered as being cooked in a microwave oven.

Note: I apologize, I have difficulty articulating and explaining what I have in my thoughts. It's like a language barrier without having a rosseta stone to translate.

submitted by /u/ChefTable2
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Why do cellular frequencies have to be significantly higher than WiFi's 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz? Especially when it comes to the new 5g that's rolling out?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 01:47 PM PDT

Thursday, July 11, 2019

How is it known that everyone with blue eyes has one single ancestor, rather than this mutation occurring in multiple individuals at many different times?

How is it known that everyone with blue eyes has one single ancestor, rather than this mutation occurring in multiple individuals at many different times?


How is it known that everyone with blue eyes has one single ancestor, rather than this mutation occurring in multiple individuals at many different times?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 11:45 PM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. Matt McCarthy, a staff physician at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, and I hunt superbugs for a living. In my new book, Superbugs, I give a behind-the-scenes look at the search for new cures for these deadly microbes. AMA!

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 04:00 AM PDT

Hi, Reddit! I am Dr. Matt McCarthy, staff physician at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and assistant professor of medicine at Weill Cornell, where I also serve on the ethics committee. In my new book, Superbugs, I take readers behind the scenes of a clinical trial involving a new treatment for lethal, drug-resistant microbes. I also share the history of antibiotics and the ethical debates involved in cutting-edge medicine, as well as the stories of the patients we treated with the drug during the trial.

Superbugs are everywhere (check out my recent op-ed). If you have questions about my research, superbugs, medical ethics, or generally working in a hospital, I am here for it! Here's my proof, see you at 12pm ET (16 UT), AMA!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why does a dead battery work for a second when I remove it and put it back in the remote?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 01:09 AM PDT

On HBO’s Chernobyl, a pregnant woman is exposed to radiation by contact with her irradiated husband. When she gives birth the baby dies. It’s said the baby absorbed all the radiation from and the mother was saved because of this. What mechanism is this caused by? Is it potentially true?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 09:56 PM PDT

Are ant scent trails directional? When ants follow a scent trail to a food source and back to their colony, how do they avoid getting turned around and going the wrong direction?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 06:46 AM PDT

Also, what cleaning product can I use to remove that trail so the damn things stop coming into my kitchen?

submitted by /u/GreenStrong
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Iodine tablets not necessary for aged 40+ after a nuclear accident?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 05:33 AM PDT

People below age 40 should take iodine supplements in the event of a nuclear accident. To block iodine 131 absorption in the thyroid. Yet older people shouldn't do it, because they have a lower chance of developing cancer in the thyroid and have an increased risk of negative side effects.

The wiki page for this type of cancer says it most commonly occurs between the age 35 and 65. How is this not a contradiction? Doesn't this mean they have an even higher chance?

submitted by /u/UglySalvatore
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Is the dilution of any acid exothermic?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 04:17 AM PDT

From what I know, the dilution of sulfuric acid is exothermic due to the ionoziation of the acid,

H2SO4 -> H+ + HSO4-

HSO4- -> H+ + SO42-

where the equation

H+ + H2O -> H3O+

...is highly exothermic. Does this apply to all other acids? For example, In the dilution of hydochloric acid, the acid ionizes like so:

HCl -> H+ + Cl-

H+ then reacts with water, so would the dilution of any acid be exothermic? If so, would they all be exothermic to the same degree i.e. same amount of energy released per mole of H+ ions?

submitted by /u/NathanTew
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What will happen if a coastal city floods while the water is full of toxic algae?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 11:34 AM PDT

Right now Barry is on track to become a hurricane and hit New Orleans. There is also a large toxic algal bloom in the Gulf Coast which has shut down all the beaches in Mississippi and a dozen beaches in Louisiana. Additionally, a toxic algal bloom has been seen in Lake Pontchartrain. What happens if Barry hits New Orleans and the city floods with this water? Does it create additional hazards and if so how do public health and emergency services recommend citizens respond? Relatedly, with all of this rain should we expect these agal blooms to grow? Or do huge storms like hurricanes disrupt this?

submitted by /u/firedrops
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How does an Oasis city in deep arid desert keep its waterbody from becoming a salt lake? And how do acient people live around oasis prevent waterbody contamination from thousands years of agriculture and sewage?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 12:45 AM PDT

Is the identity of dark matter completely unknown, or is it likely known, and we're just waiting for proof and scientific consensus?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 10:25 PM PDT

For example, if dark matter is bread, then it's not completely unknown (but still surprising), and we're just waiting for someone to prove it.

submitted by /u/badon_
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Are there seasons in other planets?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 12:59 AM PDT

I just binge watched Evangelion. The ed (Fly Me to the Moon by Frank Sinatra) had the lyrics "let me see what spring is like on a, Jupiter and Mars"

Just a really stupid question from a 17 year old

submitted by /u/TheoTheOreo
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How did astronomers figure out the shape of the Milky Way?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 05:57 AM PDT

Are we being duped into buying beauty products?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 11:42 PM PDT

Is it truly nonsensical to apply treatments to your skin and hair? Am I really wasting money on vitamin e oil, and other beauty and health products? I was told today that the body doesn't absorb from the outside, rather only from within. I was all on board believing that, but now I'm thinking about all the Epsom soaks I take and keratin hair treatments... what's the dealio?

submitted by /u/smushyu
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Does the movement of galaxies and other objects in outer space affect the way photos of galaxies that are light years away from earth are taken? And is the reason that this pictures take a long time to complete?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 02:10 AM PDT

What is Loop Quantum Gravity?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 04:34 AM PDT

Can you please answer this questions:

  • What is LQG?
  • What advantages and disadvantages does it have?
  • Why is it String Theory's main rival?
submitted by /u/hiimjohn04
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How much extra visible light does the ozone hole let in?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 04:34 AM PDT

Would the ozone hole let in more light on the violet side, and cause a visible change in natural lighting?

submitted by /u/ghostcaesar
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Do goosebumps appear in the same location every time?

Posted: 11 Jul 2019 04:02 AM PDT

Say you are cold and have goosebumps on your arms. The next time you get goosebumps on your arms will the individual 'bumps' be in exactly the same place?

submitted by /u/frankthemantis
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What is "nothing" made of?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 09:31 PM PDT

So if I had a vaccuum chamber and pumped all of the air out (which would be o2 n2 h2 etc) to an absolute vacuum, then the chamber should then be free of any molecules.

Is there anything in the now created void/ making up the space?

Which brought me to space.. so that's a vaccum, and uv rays, light photons, solar radiation etc. travel from the sun.. but is there no real medium they travel through?

Just thinking, and I couldnt come up with an answer based off my knowledge lol

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Rankinstein1992
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How do mosquitoes know what is living and what is not living (so they can enjoy [high quality all natural] blood), even in the dark?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 09:07 PM PDT

With home breaker boxes, why do they not provide any form of a reading prior to 'blowing'?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 11:14 PM PDT

We constantly pop a breaker that's rated for 15A/110V as it's shared between three rooms. The box was replaced in full about two years ago, breakers and all, but it basically looks the same as the previous 20+ years.

A quick Google search doesn't seem to show anything on the market that could provide an 'active load' reading and with the technology being available, it's a bit surprising that households seem to be lagging behind. At work I see it on PDUs in datacenters, and most are rated for much higher current overall (commonly 15A per phase, three phase), so why isn't this more common in standard homes that may be pulling far less power?

Is it even possible to incorporate in such a small box/breaker or is it more of a safety concern?

submitted by /u/Antics253
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What happens to an atom whose electrons have ascended to a higher orbit due to light absorption, after said light is switched off?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 10:46 PM PDT

So I was just reading that the reason objects appear different colours to us, is because the molecular makeup of the material the object is made from will cause certain wavelengths of light to be absorbed, and others to be reflected

This happens because the electrons surrounding the atoms/molecules can use the energy from the light to "jump" to a higher orbit, but only if the energy of the photon of light that hits it perfectly matches the amount of energy needed to make the jump. This leads to only specific wavelengths being absorbed by the material. Wavelengths of light that don't correspond with the energy difference needed for an electron to ascend to a higher orbit are reflected, this giving an object its colour.

My question after all that is: what happens to all those electrons that are now in a higher orbit once the light is turned off? Do they jump back down to their ground state? And if so, how is the energy released to allow this? Light? Wouldn't that cause everything to glow after the lights are turned out? Or cause everything to look white as electrons jumping between orbits would be absorbing and releasing the same wavelengths of light, cancelling each other out?

And what about the atoms whose electrons have already ascended to a higher energy orbit but are still being bombarded by photons? Can the electrons keep achieving higher and higher energy states?

Obviously I'm very confused, any help would be much appreciated 😅

submitted by /u/wild___turkey
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Oftentimes we hear "He/she's a fighter" when someone is critically injured or unwell, but still hanging in. How much does willpower of that individual actually matter at such a time?

Posted: 10 Jul 2019 12:34 PM PDT

If a person internally were to think about giving up, do the bodily functions like the immune system or the repair and recovery systems also, in a sense, stop working as hard?

submitted by /u/APBhurke
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