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Sunday, June 9, 2019

Can metals be gas?

Can metals be gas?


Can metals be gas?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 08:55 AM PDT

This might be a stupid question straight outta my stoned mind, but most metals i can think of can be either solid or liquid depending on temperature. So if heated enough, can any metals become a gas?

submitted by /u/russianspyjim
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What makes elements have more or less density?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 05:57 AM PDT

How come osmium is the densest known element while other elements have a higher atomic number and mass? Does it have to do with the Higgs boson particle?

submitted by /u/Memebuilder74
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Why heavy water is toxic, while ordinary water isn't?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 11:15 AM PDT

If chemical properties of substances depend only on the outermost "layer" of electrons around the molecule, how come ordinary water isn't toxic, while heavy water is?

submitted by /u/filipv
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Would a standard Gravity Turn still be the most optimal path to orbit of Earth did not have an atmosphere?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 01:54 AM PDT

Why are some acetylcholinesterase inhibitors classified as poisons and others as safe pharmaceuticals or even nootropics?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:12 AM PDT

Solanine is a poison in potatoes and sarin is a nerve agent/chemical weapon while galantamine is a pretty safe pharmaceutical and huperzine A is an OTC nootropic, despite the fact that all of them are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Why is that?

submitted by /u/giokrist
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How can sprouts be nutritious if their only source is water?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:09 AM PDT

They sell online "Seeds Sprouters" where you have to fill water for some days and then you can eat the sprouts.

Sprouts are normally a high nutrient food, with a lot of vitamins and minerals.

My question is: How can a sprout can have a high nutritious value if their only source of "food" is water and sun (and not soil)?

submitted by /u/-acknowledged-
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What determines the "computing power" of CPU cores? Why is an ARM core generally considered less "powerful" than an x86 core?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 02:34 AM PDT

We hear all the time that a smartphone with 8 cores is nowhere near as powerful as a desktop PC with 8 cores, and this is mostly chalked up to the smartphone having 8 ARM cores which are weaker computationally than 8 x86 cores, but what aspect of a CPU core design makes it better or worse at computing than another design? Hypothetically, if I wanted to make an ARM core as powerful as an x86 core, what would I change about it?

submitted by /u/AgreeableLandscape3
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What's the mathematical proof that demonstrates that two parallel lines meet at infinity?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 07:25 AM PDT

Do euglenas and plants have same chloroplastes?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:41 AM PDT

I know euglenas can have structures with membrane so they can have chloroplast. So do their chloroplast and plant's chloroplast are from same origin? Are their chloroplast's DNA similar? Or are we just calling a bunch of chlorophylls with a membrane and a dna "chloroplast" so their origin is not dependent?

submitted by /u/RuhsuzKorkuluk
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In proton collisions in supercolliders, do all the quarks 'collide' or do only some of the quarks play a major role? (ie what's the reaction cross-section like?)

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 03:29 AM PDT

Are there viruses that target viruses?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:04 AM PDT

Given that we have for example phages that specifically target bacteria is there something that is like a virus for virus? Not counting antiviral medication.

submitted by /u/CreativePie8
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In basaltic magma, how much is recycled crustal material and how much is mantle material?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 05:54 AM PDT

I'm curious about both mid-ocean ridge and mantle plume/hot spot magmas, and potential differences between the two. From what I can gather, granitic magmas usually result from recycling of crustal material at subduction zones; but I'm not so clear on the composition of basaltic magmas. How much of the material at mid-ocean ridges/hot spots originates deeper in the mantle and is brought up by convection, and how does this interact with the astenosphere and moho? Thanks!

submitted by /u/humaninnature
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What do you call the gene that HIV virus integrates in the cell?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 05:54 AM PDT

What do you call the transcripted RNA (which is then known as DNA) that HIV virus integrates?

submitted by /u/asdfghjkl281
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Does the pancreas serve as a receptor and a modulator for blood glucose?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 08:14 PM PDT

We all know that the pancreas can respond to blood sugar levels by secreting insulin or glucagon, but does it detect these levels itself with its own chemo-receptors or is this job done by another organ such as the hypothalamus?

submitted by /u/erjhgbnerbg
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What temperature is needed before the avg. speed of a molecule becomes a significant fraction of the speed of light?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 08:52 PM PDT

How does Electro-Convulsiveshock Therapy work? How does it cure things like depression?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 02:29 PM PDT

As I'm currently looking down the ECT barrel due to what my psychiatrist called "treatment-resistant depression," I was wondering how exactly it does what it does. Unsure if this post will get disqualified due to rule 1, but I'm looking for all the chemistry/biology, maybe even a little psychology behind it. I've heard the whole "it restarts the brain" thing, but I want to know the entire process behind it.

submitted by /u/caesar193
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When someone loses a limb, how do the arteries and veins form a closed circuit again once the wound has healed?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 09:10 AM PDT

Once the severed arteries/veins are closed off to stop bleeding by the healing process, the heart would keep pumping blood along the previous complete circulatory system and when blood reaches the closed off part of the artery, it has nowhere to go. Similarly the vein exiting from the wound will never have blood in it again. Will the circuit complete itself somehow? If so what is the mechanism used to find the openings of the respective major artery and vein and how do they join?

submitted by /u/azelda
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Do humans who live in very hot/cold climates have a greater resistance to heat stroke/frostbite?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 05:36 PM PDT

I do know that there is the stereotype that people in hot climates will adapt to it and not feel the heat nearly as much as someone who lives in a colder climate, and vice versa. But I was wondering if this extended to being more resistant to extremes like heat stroke or frostbite? Or if that level of temperature evened the playing field?

submitted by /u/Swagary123
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Why does the air «shake» when hot?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 09:59 AM PDT

Whenever it's really hot, you can sometimes see the air kind of shake. Forexample when you open your car, and it's really hot inside after being in the sun for a couple hours, you can see the shadow doing this weird shake motion.

Another example is when an engine is running, wherever the engine is blowing the hot air out, you can see the air shake.

submitted by /u/XxDropkick
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If you control for accidental death/death by misadventure, crime related deaths and suicide, how much longer is female life expectancy than male?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 03:02 PM PDT

Are women inherently 'healthier' or is it all environmental?

submitted by /u/Adam657
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How much do air rotors impact wildlife?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 11:56 AM PDT

I saw a post on reddit on how wind turbines kill birds and insects. How would putting up a lot of turbines compare to other types of energy? Could a lot of turbines have a large effect on wildlife in the long run?

submitted by /u/correcthorsereader
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How do we really know what’s at the center or our earth? Have we ever really been beyond the uppermost mantle to know for sure?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 11:20 AM PDT

How do sharks "smell" blood in the water? Is it scent or some other mechanism? Does scent even work the same underwater?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 09:31 AM PDT

Saturday, June 8, 2019

In the Tv series "Chernobyl" how realisticaly depicted are the effects of intense radiation exposure?

In the Tv series "Chernobyl" how realisticaly depicted are the effects of intense radiation exposure?


In the Tv series "Chernobyl" how realisticaly depicted are the effects of intense radiation exposure?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 02:24 PM PDT

After the explosion they depict an enormous light projecting from, presumably, the exposed nuclear core, it's depicted like a huge cone of light going up in the sky till the eye can see, would an exposed nuclear core in meltdown emit such a huge amount of light?

Also a man is depicted looking directly into the exposed nuclear core, I presume in full meltdown, right after the explosion, immediately his face turns orange reddish and after a couple of seconds he's seriously sick and vomiting blood, is this accurate?

In general this is how it is depicted all the time, as soon as people get in contact with very high dosages of radiation their skin immediately starts to look red/orange and after a while it bleeds.

A firefighter that is in the middle of the rubble of the building is depicted picking up a piece of what presumably is a central part of the core, a piece of graphite, after seconds the hands from his skin looks burned, is this what would happen in such circumstances? would it be that quick?

The nuclear core in full meltdown is depicted as a glowing mass on fire, is that accurate? how would it actually look? what would be the temperature of it?

submitted by /u/dada_216
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Is the amount of energy in the universe a constant?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 05:34 AM PDT

So, there is this very common knowledge that you can't create or loose energy, it is just being converted from one form to another.

So...since you can't make more of it or loose it by any means...then...does that mean that since the big bang and possibly before it...the amount of energy available in the universe as a form of atoms, particles, fotons and anything else ( if there is else) that carries or has any sort of energy we can measure.....is it a constant?

submitted by /u/ll_Lucifer_ll
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Why do China and Japan have such low rates of HIV?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 10:00 PM PDT

Are there structural weaknesses in multi-pour concrete structures where the new concrete meets the original?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 10:09 PM PDT

There are big towers sprouting up all around me, and they're built a piece at a time. Concrete is poured and sets, then more concrete is poured for the next part and so on.

Do the two different pours merge into one structure, or are they physically separate parts that are just near each other in physical space?

submitted by /u/Thrownawaybyall
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Does being born blind have any effect on learning to speak?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 08:32 PM PDT

After 3 years this is my first submission anywhere, go easy on me.

Watching a new Netflix movie "I am mother" ... girl being raised by a robot who has learned to speak from listening to a robot.

This got me thinking if that would actually work.

Obviously blind people learn to speak but I am wondering if not being able to see other's lip/tongue/mouth makes it more difficult to learn to speak.

submitted by /u/Gnostromo
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What kind of hazard symbols were used in the 1950's?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 02:06 AM PDT

Considering both WHMIS and Fire Diamonds were all invented after 1950 (1988 and 1960 respectively) What kind of system or symbols were used to indicate hazardous substances before that time?

Need this for a project i'm working on to be historically accurate and I've tried searching everywhere but can't find anything at all, so please if anyone knows any examples I would be in your debt. Thanks for reading.

submitted by /u/MisterLambda
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What would happen to the atmosphere if the oceans level raised hundreds of feet?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 12:59 PM PDT

Sup science people. So, I'm writing a story - and wanting to keep it as close to scientifically accurate as I can (it's sci-fi, not realism). In the story, the sea level raises tremendously. Now, the guys in a sub right? so my first instinct was to have him notice the pressure from the barometric altimeter, and thus realize that yes, the sea has risen. BUT, is that legit? Would the pressure disperse based on the change in the sea level? Also, I'm aware that you could actually need to calibrate an altimeter for it to work right, but this story is set in the future, and I got all sorts of artistic license so I've worked around that. What really interests me is, if the ocean were to rise, what would happen to the atmosphere?

submitted by /u/cornysheep
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Why are different materials different temperature when in the same room?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 05:37 PM PDT

For example: A fluffy blanket feels room temperature whilst a stainless steel benchtop feels cold?

How does the stainless steel get 'colder' than room temperature?

submitted by /u/HolisticVocalCoach
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Why can we not get accurate movement speed on our phones if they have accelerometers and velocity is just the integral of acceleration?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 12:24 PM PDT

This might be a stupid question... but considering that you have to my knowledge an accurate accelerometer in your phone handset, surely if you give it some calibration to a speed of zero, any subsequent acceleration detected can be used to calculate a speed?

Simplified case, I calibrate my phone and tell it that I'm not moving, it detects 1ms-2 acceleration for one second. I am then obviously moving at 1ms.

It doesn't seem to be a thing though on phones to calculate your speed like this, as running apps track etc use GPS for that.

submitted by /u/aza547
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Why do fluids you cook only start to steam excessively after you turn off the heat underneath them?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 12:29 AM PDT

How can Antarctic ice melting cause localized sea level to fall?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 06:15 PM PDT

This article appeared today - I've never seen this website before so I'm like "grain of salt" - anyway it has an interview with Harvard earth scientist Jerry Mitrovica.

https://getpocket.com/explore/item/why-our-intuition-about-sea-level-rise-is-wrong?utm_source=pocket-newtab

This bit of the article confused me:
(bold text is a section heading in article)

What happens with melting in Antarctica?

"If the Antarctic ice sheets melt, sea level falls close to Antarctic."

The article also seems to say that gravitational forces from sea ice is significant which surprised me.

submitted by /u/okolebot
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What does it mean chemically to be high? And why don't all psychoactive substances make you feel high?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 09:55 PM PDT

Obviously marijuana contains THC which is an endocannabinoid so it binds to receptors in the ECS. We call this being high. But you can technically get high off nutmeg. Does this also bind somewhere in the ECS? And what about peppercorn? It is psychoactive because it alleviates symptoms of THC but you do not feel high.

What does it mean chemically to be high? And why don't all psychoactive substances make you feel high?

submitted by /u/rooren-sama
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If totipotent cells can differentiate into an entire organism, or do everything that pluripotent and multipotent cells, why then do pluripotent and multipotent cells form?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 04:40 PM PDT

Since totipotent cells can do everything that pluripotent and multipotent cells can do, why are pluripotent and multipotent cells formed? Why does the body not just use only totipotent cells? Unless I'm misunderstanding and totipotent must become pluripotent cells and then multipotent cells in order to develop the three germ layers, etc.

submitted by /u/CirUmeUela
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What is Russia's current stance on the Chernobyl disaster? (HBO series spoilers)

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 12:44 PM PDT

For those of us who have been watching the Chernobyl series on HBO, we've been hearing all about the USSR's misdirection and denial about the Chernobyl disaster.

The show says that the USSR finally changed their stance when Legasov committed suicide, two years after the accident.

What has happened since then, and what is the current stance of the Russian government in 2019?

submitted by /u/fusionevaporation
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Friday, June 7, 2019

What are the tiny triangular creases on your skin called?

What are the tiny triangular creases on your skin called?


What are the tiny triangular creases on your skin called?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 07:30 PM PDT

So if you look close, like I mean REAL close at your skin's surface, such as your arm for instance, you'll see this mural-like pattern of triangles. I suppose these are creases to allow the skin to be more flexible. Anyone know what these triangles/creases are called?

submitted by /u/GSdragon
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Is the Chernobyl explosion different from a Nuclear warhead test w.r.t to the nuclear radiation it emits?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 05:26 AM PDT

What does the '+' sign in specific saccharide nomenclatures mean?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 03:06 AM PDT

For example D-(+)-Galactose. I know D/L define which stereoisomere of the bottom most chiral point (in acyclic form) it is and α/β means the orientation of the first OH functional group on the anomeric carbon in cyclic form but the + evades me.

Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/FeistyBananaSplit
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What happens to the body/brain when someone is under hypnosis? Is it a real state of mind, or is it power of influence?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 09:52 PM PDT

I have wondered about this since I was a university student. I've taken many psychology classes and different courses studying the human mind and hypnosis has always interested me but I also think it could be just the 'power of influence' or something similar. I have even tried to let myself be hypnotized on 2 separate occasions, but, I was told I might not be susceptible to hypnosis. So that has made me skeptical whenever I further read or observed someone being "hypnotized" for an intensive psychology session, or even on stage in a hypnotist/mentalist show. Is it real and what happens to the mind/body if someone can be successfully hypnotized?

Edit spelling

submitted by /u/Bigreddog19
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How many chicks can a chicken have?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 11:35 AM PDT

I have chickens and they lay (generally) eggs once a day. If I had a rooster would the rooster just keep fertilizing the eggs and the chicken keep laying them? Is there a point where the chicken/rooster just says "fuck this" and stop?

submitted by /u/oofive2
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Is there a limit to the height a mountain can reach? Conversely, is there a limit to the depth a natural trench can reach?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 03:42 AM PDT

If a laser can impart momentum to a light sail, does it mean it has recoil?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 01:32 PM PDT

Using space-based lasers to accelerate (or decelerate) ships is a near-future tech that's often taken as granted by futurists.

It sure sounds awesome, but if it can impart momentum doesn't that mean that it will be submitted to some sort of recoil? Would they need to carry chemical fuel or have a backwards-shooting laser to compensate?

If so, is it a significant challenge to manage, or pretty easy once you already have high-power lasers in space?

submitted by /u/Sbajawud
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Why does earth’s rotation not slow down from tidedal forces?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 02:25 PM PDT

Of course it requires energy to move all this water around... where is this coming from? Something must be slowing down... somewhere?

submitted by /u/laupyluke
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Are modern farms in the US now "soil stable," or do we still lose more topsoil per year than we build?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 04:00 PM PDT

Erosion of agricultural land was a huge issue in the US before WWII. The Dustbowl was a huge issue, but even before that, a lot of farms became heavily degraded.

What's the current situation? Are we still losing more soil than we're building? Is this a sustainable situation?

submitted by /u/RusticBohemian
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Radiometric Dating: How do we know the parent:daughter isotope ratio was initially 100:0?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 08:23 PM PDT

A few simple questions about radiometric dating:

  1. Am I correct to believe that scientists assume the parent:daughter ratio is initially about 100:0 upon the death of an animal or formation of a rock?
  2. Has this assumption been experimentally tested for carbon dating in regards to what the ratio is when an animal dies?
  3. Has this assumption been experimentally tested for other types of radiometric dating in regards to what the ratio is when a rock forms?

I would gladly take articles about the last two questions with open arms if people could point me in the right direction. Thank you.

submitted by /u/DasIstWangernumb
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Does the availability of Narcan (naloxone) encourage opioid use?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 05:10 PM PDT

How accurate was the 'cause of explosion' presentation given by Valery Legasov (Jared Harris) in the final episode of Chernobyl?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 10:18 AM PDT

Which aspects are technically accurate? Which were over-simplified?

submitted by /u/jull1234
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What kind of planetary/solar configuration would cause the random, long winters in Game of Thrones?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 01:15 PM PDT

Why is the symbol for internal energy ΔU and not something like ΔI? What does the "U" stand for?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 09:56 AM PDT

How can a virus like hpv eventually work itself out of the system, but a virus like hsv cannot?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 08:53 AM PDT

What is the difference between these two types of viruses that makes one impossible to get rid of, but not the other?

submitted by /u/FrozenPea123
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Why are volcanic eruptions often followed by lightning?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 02:00 PM PDT

Is there a chemical you can spontaneously inject into the muscle tissue and have someone immediately pass out like Hollywood shows?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 02:53 AM PDT

I thought for an intravenous injection to work/have rapid onset it had to be... intravenous?

submitted by /u/princess-kelly
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Why does inhaling helium make your voice sound higher?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 11:02 AM PDT

Are mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, or any other creatures that feed on human blood affected by carcinogens, caffeine, or anything else that we put into our body?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 02:55 AM PDT

Does cherenkov radiation slow down the beta particles?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 08:27 AM PDT

I've always seen cherenkov radiation analogous to a sonic boom. And in a sonic boom, there's air resistance to slow down the object and that's why it creates a sound at all. But for beta particles emitting cherenkov radiation, does the photon emitted reduce the speed of the beta particle, like in Bremsstrahlung radiation?

submitted by /u/Raiden60
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How to these pictures which show how objects distort spacetime make any sense?

Posted: 06 Jun 2019 02:13 PM PDT

https://i.stack.imgur.com/sXO2u.png In this image, the sun is sinking in a flat plane. I just don't understand how this image makes any sense though, as space is 3D. This model wouldn't work if the planets were orbiting on a vastly different plane, and I think it would get more confusing if you looked at the gravity of things on earth. Objects don't influence other objects gravitationally only on one plane.

submitted by /u/Flipdip35
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