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Monday, May 27, 2019

Are modern humans stronger or more athletic than our pre-agricultural counterparts?

Are modern humans stronger or more athletic than our pre-agricultural counterparts?

Are modern humans stronger or more athletic than our pre-agricultural counterparts?

Posted: 26 May 2019 08:47 PM PDT

Why is a cooling tower in a Nuclear power plant, the shape that it is?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:05 PM PDT

What exactly does it mean for the electromagnetic force to be carried by photons?

Posted: 27 May 2019 05:00 AM PDT

When magnets attract or repel each other, are they literally exchanging photons? Can they be detected, or blocked? What is actually causing the acceleration?

When an electron is attracted to a proton are they creating and absorbing photons, and what does this have to do with an electron absorbing a photon and moving up in energetic states?

What's the difference between positive and negative charge with respect to photons?

Finally, what does it even mean for a force to be carried by a particle?

I don't understand the mechanism behind this at all.

submitted by /u/Mr-C137
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How does Proteinase K avoid eating itself?

Posted: 27 May 2019 06:13 AM PDT

A protein that digests proteins, but does not get digested by itself.

submitted by /u/iorgfeflkd
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Why did RMBK reactor had graphite-tipped control rods?

Posted: 27 May 2019 02:19 AM PDT

As you might expect, I started watching the Chernobyl series, and got enough explanation as why the disaster happened.
But I can't find any information why the control rods in the reactor had graphite tips?

submitted by /u/Barcelus
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If somebody shot an atom-sized bullet at you, would it actually hit you or go right through? And if not, how big does a bullet have to be for it to hit you?

Posted: 26 May 2019 08:52 AM PDT

Palm trees are really topheavy. Why do they resist breaking so much better than deciduous trees like poplars?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:51 PM PDT

Why do the outsides of cold drink get wet?

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:27 PM PDT

Do we have an idea\hypothesis on how did chromosomes appear?

Posted: 26 May 2019 11:05 AM PDT

My understanding is that prokaryotes have a single DNA ring\strand, while most eukaryotes have essentially multiple DNA molecules contained in a nucleus.

My question is basically "how did this happen". I tried googling "how did chromosomes evolve" and such, but couldn't find an answer.

If I had to guess, I'd say "the DNA probably got so big it broke in two, then it happened again multiple times", but that's just a guess. So I came here to ask those who know.

I imagine having a cell nucleus has something to do with it, but I'm not sure which came first: chromosomes or the nucleus? Did the nucleus evolve to store the broken pieces of DNA, or did nucleus evolve for something else (Guarding own DNA against mtDNA? Idunno), and then DNA had to break down into smaller pieces (just because it could now, or to be able to get out of the nucleus? I admit my grasp on the inner workings of a cell is sketchy, I'm a layman).

submitted by /u/Momoneko
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Are there any known K-Type stars in the Pleiades cluster?

Posted: 26 May 2019 02:03 PM PDT

I'm working on a project that takes place at an orange dwarf star in the Pleiades cluster. The thing is, I'm trying to stay as realistic as possible and want to use a star that is already known, rather than making one up. I've tried searching on Google, using Space Engine's star browser, and others but I didn't find any results. I've tried using the Gaia archive too but I didn't really understand how to use it.

So, has an orange dwarf been discovered in the Pleiades?

submitted by /u/abbey--r0ad
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What impact do chromosomal disorders have on transplant surgeries?

Posted: 26 May 2019 08:43 AM PDT

For example, how would an organ transplant work for a person with Down Syndrome? I tried doing research on this but could only find recent case studies so any other sources would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

submitted by /u/alemonator
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What kind of effect does global warming have on volcanoes?

Posted: 26 May 2019 11:27 AM PDT

why is there no volcanism on the western side of the African-Eurasian plate boundary?

Posted: 26 May 2019 08:34 PM PDT

How can we guarantee the absence of collisions when hashing files that are larger than the output hash length?

Posted: 26 May 2019 02:01 PM PDT

For example, when hashing an 800 bit (100 byte) file with a hashing algorithm that produces hash values of 512 bits. There are 2800 possible variations of the input file, but only 2512 possible output hash values. How can the one-to-one property of hashing algorithms hold up when hashing each possible variation of the input 100 byte file, let alone files with GB or TB sizes?

submitted by /u/KGamesB
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I'm curious about Jupiter's magnetosphere. Does the Jupiter's magnetic field affect Earth?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:41 PM PDT

Why do we see quark mixing between down, strange, and bottom, but not up, charm, and top?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:19 PM PDT

Is it just convention that we describe the |q| = 1/3 quarks as mixing, and the |q| = 2/3 as static, or is there some reason that we see a difference between the two sets?

submitted by /u/Thug_Mustard
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Is there a theoretical limit to the magnification capabilities of telescopes?

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:21 AM PDT

Why are feces all the same relative looking color across different species of animals?

Posted: 26 May 2019 05:01 AM PDT

Regardless of feeding behavior it seems that excrements do share a common brown-ish color. I heard it has to do something with blood cells.

submitted by /u/Dedadas45
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Sunday, May 26, 2019

What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?

What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?

What is the point of correlation studies if correlation does not equal causation?

Posted: 26 May 2019 03:28 AM PDT

It seems that every time there is a study posted on reddit with something to the effect of "new study has found that children who are read to by their parents once daily show fewer signs of ADHD." And then the top comment is always something to the effect of "well its probably more likely that parents are more willing to sit down and read to kids who have longer attention spans to do so in the first place."

And then there are those websites that show funny correlations like how a rise in TV sales in a city also came with a rise in deaths, so we should just ban TVs to save lives.

So why are these studies important/relevant?

submitted by /u/hrrm
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Does illness affect the phases of sleep in a person's sleep cycle?

Posted: 25 May 2019 07:32 AM PDT

I know that in Stage 3 of NREM sleep, the body works to physically restore itself by releasing HGH, etc., and I know that the longer someone sleeps for, the amount of time spent in the NREM phases decreases and the amount of time in the REM phase increases.

I am wondering if someone who is seriously ill (or recovering from a serious illness) might experience an alteration of the regular sleep cycle--namely, would they be spending more time in Stage 3 in order to "repair"? Or would their sleep phases occur as they would for any healthy person?

Edited to add: As this post gains attention I felt I should say that it's generally understood/has been experienced that illness results in poor sleep. Mainly I'm looking for information about how the individual stages of sleep may be affected by illness and in particular if periods of NREM 3 might be extended for longer than they normally would be. Thank you for all of the great answers so far!

submitted by /u/YoungRL
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Is there a measurement scale for stickiness?

Posted: 25 May 2019 04:06 PM PDT

Can simple invertebrates like snails feel pain? How can we know for sure either way?

Posted: 25 May 2019 03:22 PM PDT

Why do high energy particles like Gamma Rays or Cosmic Rays damage our DNA? How exactly do they damage it?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:42 PM PDT

What makes these particles more harmful than say infrared light?

submitted by /u/theinquisitor7777
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What was the cost of producing plastic back in the 1950's?

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:45 AM PDT

Why do some digital clocks lose or gain time? My coffee maker has to be readjusted every couple months to fix the time. Used to have a car that would gain a few minutes each month.

Posted: 26 May 2019 07:07 AM PDT

How do certain foods and drinks increase or decrease blood pressure?

Posted: 26 May 2019 06:53 AM PDT

When I google I only get lists of foods which are purported to raise or lower blood pressure, but no explanation of the mechanisms.

submitted by /u/EndOnAnyRoll
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What impact does living in the tropics that are dry, dusty, and windy have on our lungs? Specifically, in terms of high density of particles in the air. Thanks in advance.

Posted: 26 May 2019 06:06 AM PDT

Organ donation: is there a "shelf" life of how long an organ could "live"?

Posted: 25 May 2019 03:23 PM PDT

I might have titled the post poorly but my curiosity is on one question: theoretically, is it possible for an organ to "live" forever if it keeps being donated and transplanted? For example, a donated heart is transplanted to person A who then donated the heart to be transplanted to person B after person A dies. Would the heart be able to live forever?

submitted by /u/alfxy
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After seeing several high definition photos of moons and planets, there is a large amount of visible craters. If the earth was devoid of all life, would earth's surface show just as many craters?

Posted: 26 May 2019 01:51 AM PDT

On a cellular level, what causes us to grow and age?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:29 AM PDT

is there any evidence of two stars colliding?

Posted: 25 May 2019 11:49 PM PDT

How does game theory/environmental stable strategies lead to mix strategy behaviors being optimal ?

Posted: 25 May 2019 07:54 PM PDT

I understand the difference between tactics in strategies in terms of reproductive success for each type of behavior, but I am failing to understand why in some ( I'm not sure if it is all) the optimal outcome for the group is to have mixed strategies. Can some please explain to me how that is possible? (If I am wrong anywhere any corrections would be great)

submitted by /u/TM06-Toplanner
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Would the atoms change weight on different planets/Stars?

Posted: 25 May 2019 11:38 PM PDT

I remember that the different gravities create different weights so would it be the same with atoms?

submitted by /u/lawer12346
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How does the composition of milk change when it turns sour?

Posted: 25 May 2019 10:01 AM PDT

When a positive event occurs at the same time as a negative event, what determines whether a positive association or a negative association is built?

Posted: 25 May 2019 10:39 AM PDT

I came across this question as I'm planning for a move and trying to get my cat used to the carrier as I'll be driving for multiple hours a day. I've been putting his favorite blanket in the carrier, feeding him treats when he goes in, and petting him as he goes in to create a positive association with the carrier.

This got me thinking, what determines that a positive association will be built to the carrier from all those techniques and not a negative association to all of those techniques from the carrier? Another example would be treats after medicine: does the cat create a positive association to the medicine from the treats or a negative association to the treats from the medicine? Also, how does this apply to humans?

submitted by /u/Benvoliolio
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During fission/chain reactions, how do atoms absorb neutrons??

Posted: 25 May 2019 09:04 AM PDT

How do neutrons "Go past" the electron cloud and into the main nucleus itself?

submitted by /u/J-100
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Why is pi irrational when it can be formed by using an infinite series of fractions?

Posted: 25 May 2019 05:16 AM PDT

Does the distance of electron orbitals from the nucleus change as more nucleons are added?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:57 PM PDT

Will a vacuum on the bottom of the ocean float?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:53 PM PDT

If you would place a lightweighted box with a vacuum inside on the ocean floor what would happen? Will it stay on the bottom because of the pressure on top of the box or wil it float because the density inside is lower then the water?

submitted by /u/blaze519
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Do I weigh more after I fart?

Posted: 25 May 2019 06:38 PM PDT

How do medical scientists gather people/a person for a study?

Posted: 25 May 2019 09:38 AM PDT

Obviously, nobody can be everywhere at once - there might be a person with the exact condition a neurologist is trying to study on the other side of the country, and they have no idea that they're there.

So outside of general practitioners passing on referrals until someone eventually goes "oh hey, this is actually really rare, can I study it more in depth?", how do researchers gather relevant people for a group study/find that one specific person that has that specific combination of traits/conditions?

submitted by /u/Portalboat
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Saturday, May 25, 2019

Historically, why did fevers used to kill so many people, but now they're a rarely fatal annoying symptom?

Historically, why did fevers used to kill so many people, but now they're a rarely fatal annoying symptom?

Historically, why did fevers used to kill so many people, but now they're a rarely fatal annoying symptom?

Posted: 24 May 2019 12:37 PM PDT

Why does fruit bruise?

Posted: 24 May 2019 05:52 PM PDT

How would soft drinks (Carbonated) behave in space?

Posted: 24 May 2019 10:56 AM PDT

I was watching a video the other day about how an astronaut invented a special drinking cup for liquids in space, and that gave me a question that lingered in my brain enough to ask here.

Basically, how do soft drinks, like Coke and Pepsi, act in space where there's no gravity? How do the bubbles form and where do they go? Does it pose any dangers? If left opened to the "air" in the space-station, would it become de-carbonated like here on Earth? or will it hold onto the gas in it..etc

(I wasn't sure if I should use Astronomy, Physics or Chemistry for this, sorry if I made the wrong call.)

submitted by /u/AidenR0
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Why do estrogen levels drop before ovulation and then rise again after?

Posted: 24 May 2019 02:42 PM PDT

What is the purpose of the dip; why doesn't estrogen just stay elevated?

submitted by /u/la_petitemort
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Are Hurricanes/Tornadoes - Net Heating or Net Cooling events or Heat Neutral?

Posted: 24 May 2019 12:51 PM PDT

I know these events are caused by cold fronts and warm front meeting.

All said and done though are the individual events Net Warming Net Cooling or does it just help distribute the same temperature move evenly?

Do the storms themselves help alleviate environmental warming or contribute to it?

submitted by /u/ZebraHunterz
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How does wood become driftwood and why does some wood just rot in water?

Posted: 24 May 2019 01:11 PM PDT

How does it form, and why does not all water logged wood become drift wood?

submitted by /u/pancakelife
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Does a big molecule experience Buoyancy?

Posted: 24 May 2019 12:33 PM PDT

I am wondering how big an object has to be to be affected by Buoyancy. Atoms cannot be big enough, right? But big molecules maybe?

I mean, it is difficult to speak of "mass per volume" for a single molecule. And if certain big molecules are affected by Buoyancy they would probably form layers at certain depths. I do not think that is the case. So how big does the object have to be? The size of a few water molecules? Is there an equation for this limit?

submitted by /u/neuromat0n
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Why doesn't an atoms atomic number correlate with how common the element is?

Posted: 24 May 2019 10:25 AM PDT

Hydrogen has the atomic number 1, and it's also the most common element in the universe. Helium has the atomic number 2 and is the second most common element.

​

However, after that, the atomic number doesn't correlate to the elements abundance. The next most abundant is Oxygen, which has an atomic number of 8, then Carbon with an atomic number of 6.

This seems really weird to me because from my understanding, when fusion happens, for oxygen to be created, it has to first become lithium, beryllium.... etc, until oxygen. I'm guessing this is where I'm making my mistake and my understanding of fusion is not correct.

submitted by /u/Whateveritwantstobe
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What percentage of people sign petitions?

Posted: 24 May 2019 12:27 PM PDT

So for instance if a petition got 100000 signatures how many people would actually share those views. I was wondering this because of the revoke Brexit petition which got 6 million signatures although something like 48% (about 30 million) don't want Brexit.

submitted by /u/Boop121314
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When ignited what temperature does gunpowder reach?

Posted: 24 May 2019 12:04 PM PDT

The various sources I've found provide conflicting information, and I'd genuinely like to know the truth of the matter.

​

Also, on a slightly related note, what would be the 'blast radius' of a barrel of gunpowder being detonated? How about the blast radius of 10 square feet worth of it?

submitted by /u/VelaNovaMan
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If I take the rubber piece of a capacitive stylus off of the pen from which is came, and place it on an arbitrary stick or non-stylus pen, it loses its capacitive functions. What, besides the rubber, allows a capacitive stylus to function?

Posted: 24 May 2019 10:39 AM PDT

Would the alignment of a magnetic compass needle be affected during a thunderstorm?

Posted: 24 May 2019 09:26 AM PDT

We know that that compass needle changes its alignment when a wire with electricity running through it is brought closer to the needle. So will the same thing happen when there would be lightning strike nearby?

submitted by /u/whitehairdude
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Is there any data/science showing pornography actually "damages" a post-pubescent person's psyche?

Posted: 24 May 2019 08:51 AM PDT

With Theresa May's resignation I saw some redditors posting about her law that UK citizens require ID to access porn sites, to prove they're 18+.

So it made me wonder, is there any actual science showing "damage" (whatever that would mean in this context) as a result of young consumption of pornography?

I am talking about post-pubescent specifically here but younger ages would be interesting as well.

submitted by /u/Dynamaxion
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What does the bend at the end of a plane's wings do?

Posted: 24 May 2019 06:09 AM PDT

What is the mechanism for catch-up growth in children?

Posted: 24 May 2019 10:58 AM PDT

For example, how can a malnourished child 'catch-up' and regain their lost growth once fed properly, why can they make up for this lost time ? I realise this is phrased poorly but any information would be great.

submitted by /u/utf76
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Why does catnip contain nepetalactone? Wouldn't that be detrimental to the plant?

Posted: 24 May 2019 02:31 PM PDT

Catnip contains nepetalactone, which is a feline attractant and causes cats in the area to bite and crush the plant. Why did catnip evolve to produce this chemical? Is there some other advantage of nepetalactone that outweighs the negative effects of its cat-attracting capabilities?

submitted by /u/Golden_Lambda
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