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Friday, May 10, 2019

How do the energy economies of deciduous and coniferous trees different?

How do the energy economies of deciduous and coniferous trees different?


How do the energy economies of deciduous and coniferous trees different?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:33 AM PDT

Deciduous trees shed and have to grow back their leaves every year but they aren't always out-competed by conifers in many latitudes where both grow. How much energy does it take a tree to re-grow its leaves? Does a pine continue to accumulate energy over the winter or is it limited by water availability? What does a tree's energy budget look like, overall?

submitted by /u/symmetry81
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How do heat shield tiles work? Why are they black instead of white or shiny?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:31 AM PDT

I would expect a heat shield tile (such as those found on the bottom of the space shuttle, or around the engines of the Dragon spacecraft) to look more reflective if their job is to repel heat. How do they work?

submitted by /u/obnubilated
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How long do termite mounds take to build? How do they get bigger if the termites are never on the outside?

Posted: 09 May 2019 04:23 PM PDT

How are "unknown" viruses causing illness in the human body detected and indentified?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:32 PM PDT

How pancreas cells feels level of glucose?

Posted: 09 May 2019 11:03 PM PDT

How pancreas cells feels level of glucose in blood, for producing insulin or glucagon?

submitted by /u/TechnocraticDude
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Are we born with ideas of what smells good and what smells bad or do we learn that at a very young age?

Posted: 09 May 2019 03:15 PM PDT

I know that smell is very subvective, however most of us can all agree that, for exemple, trash smells bad and fruits smell good. This is what I am speaking of, do we have any baseline for smells or do we learn from scratch when we are born?

submitted by /u/trnr3024
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Why do the rings of a planet tend to have a large variety of different colors and shades?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:56 PM PDT

Ringed planets a large array of differently-colored segments of the rings as opposed to one "blended" color for the entire ring, this has interested me for ages and I can't find out why this is. Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/CosmicAcorn
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Why do urinary tract infections sometimes cause psychosis in the elderly?

Posted: 09 May 2019 02:48 AM PDT

At around what age do babies or toddlers start recognising people they only see occasionally?

Posted: 09 May 2019 09:10 AM PDT

Since he's been born, I see my nephew every few months but when I do see him, I spend a decent amount of time with him, a weekend at least. I am never sure if he remembers me from the last time or not. I spent Christmas with my fam, including him of course and he was 21 months at the time. Now he's a little over two and I have just seen him again. At this age is he able to remember me from spending time with him at Christmas?

submitted by /u/Ruby_Dalia
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What is the current state of CO2 removal using direct air capture?

Posted: 09 May 2019 03:15 AM PDT

I have a lot of questions about removing CO2 from the environment, but let's focus on this one:

  • How effective is removing CO2 from the air using direct air capture?

Additional questions:

  • How cost-effective is direct air capture?
  • Are there any machines I could run from home or am I better off planting a tree?
  • Are there any other methods than direct air capture?

When I google, I get some company websites, so at least it seems profitable/a good story for investors, but that does not tell me much about the future of these technologies. Looking forward to your insights :)

submitted by /u/Dutchy_
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Science Question: Combustion in space?

Posted: 09 May 2019 09:10 AM PDT

Okay. So. In space, there is very little gravity, meaning that things are essentially weightless. That includes liquids, like water.

So. That means that other liquids, like Gas or Alcohol are able to do the spherical floating thing too, right?

And I understand that it's not the gas/alcohol itself that's flammable, it's the fumes.

So I guess what I'm asking is:

  1. Is it possible to cause combustion in space (in an area that has the proper atmosphere of course)
  2. Can that combustion be a result of gas/alcohol?
  3. How would it burn?

I know, this sounds like a pyro question. And it is. But my friends and I have been wondering this legit since Freshman year of HIGHSCHOOL.

Our current hypothesis is:

If the substance is in an area that contains air, and a flame is able to start combustion, there would be not much of a reaction. Just a burning ball of fire floating in space.

Keep in mind that none of us are science majors here, so that's why I bring it here to see what the masses on Reddit are able to figure out.

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/justarandom_redditor
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Does physical exercise before a test increase test scores?

Posted: 09 May 2019 10:51 AM PDT

When a flower is growing what determines what color the flower will be?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:35 PM PDT

I just read about 'superionic ice' being added to its over a dozen forms. Is ice/water unique to having all these variations?

Posted: 09 May 2019 08:23 AM PDT

Is nuclear graphite radioactive?

Posted: 09 May 2019 10:50 AM PDT

I just saw an episode of the new TV series "Chernobyl", and in the show they depict firefighters being irradiated by graphite blocks strewn across the ground. Obviously these were originally inside the core, but with my limited understanding of how reactors work, I don't see why they would be radioactive.

Is graphite not inert? And are there other parts of a nuclear reactor, besides the fuel, which are also radioactive?

submitted by /u/cheeksmear
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What is the best recipe for a very bouncy rubber ball? What makes a bouncy vall elastic on a molecular level?

Posted: 09 May 2019 03:09 PM PDT

How is polyvinylalcohol (PVA) made into dish/laundry pods?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:58 PM PDT

I've tried googling and unfortunately I just get articles about the tide pod challenge. I'm curious how the material is developed and if it has any negative qualities/impacts. Thank you so much!

submitted by /u/heeeelllllloooo
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What makes one allele dominant and one allele recessive?

Posted: 09 May 2019 07:55 AM PDT

I know that dominant alleles are the ones that get expressed, but what is physically different about dominant alleles compared to recessive alleles?

submitted by /u/Aidanmartin3
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When a doctor gives you a specific percentage (like there’s a 10% possibility that you will be cured), what is that percentage based on?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:26 PM PDT

When a doctor gives you a specific percentage (like there's a 10% possibility that you will be cured), what is that percentage based on? Is it based on anything or do they just kind of...guesstimate?

submitted by /u/KanemMusic
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Can or do we think with the 'brain' in our stomach(enteric nervous system)?

Posted: 09 May 2019 08:37 AM PDT

Do moving plants (like venus fly trap) have muscle fibers? Do they get the same benefit from excersize as mammals do?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:17 AM PDT

What statistical evidence for telepathy is Alan Turing referring to in his "Turing test" paper?

Posted: 09 May 2019 02:07 AM PDT

In his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", which introduces what is now known as the Turing test, Alan Turing discusses nine potential objections as to why one might reject the proposed "imitation game" as a measure of whether machines can think. The last of these objection is "The Argument from Extrasensory Perception". The following is the first paragraph under that heading:

I assume that the reader is familiar with the idea of extrasensory perception, and the meaning of the four items of it, viz., telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition and psychokinesis. These disturbing phenomena seem to deny all our usual scientific ideas. How we should like to discredit them! Unfortunately the statistical evidence, at least for telepathy, is overwhelming. It is very difficult to rearrange one's ideas so as to fit these new facts in. Once one has accepted them it does not seem a very big step to believe in ghosts and bogies. The idea that our bodies move simply according to the known laws of physics, together with some others not yet discovered but somewhat similar, would be one of the first to go.

I think it's safe to say that telepathy and ESP in general is not taken seriously nowadays within the scientific community, but if Turing is to be believed this doesn't necessarily seem to be the case around 1950 when his paper was published.

Unfortunately he doesn't explicitly point to any studies, which led him to make such a statement.

submitted by /u/IbeepthereforeIam
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Why does light bend when refracting?

Posted: 09 May 2019 06:12 AM PDT

I've read and understood many explanations, but which of them is correct? Is it because light takes the path that requires the least energy to traverse (Fermet's principle), and so bends closer to the normal so that it exits quicker? Wouldn't that only actually mean it exits quicker if the medium it enters is a certain shape? Another thing I read said that it's because one part of the wave enters and slows down first, meaning that the wave will bend? But then why would light slow down? Is it because of the electromagnetic interference of the atoms in the medium? I just need some clarification, thanks.

submitted by /u/canesminior
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Thursday, May 9, 2019

Do galaxies have clearly defined borders, or do they just kind of bleed into each other?

Do galaxies have clearly defined borders, or do they just kind of bleed into each other?


Do galaxies have clearly defined borders, or do they just kind of bleed into each other?

Posted: 08 May 2019 08:21 AM PDT

What would happen if someone swallowed super glue?

Posted: 08 May 2019 04:41 PM PDT

Does wave-particle duality rely on accepting the Copenhagen interpretation?

Posted: 09 May 2019 03:02 AM PDT

If you're a scientist that subscribes to the many worlds theorem, does that mean you do not accept wave particle duality?

submitted by /u/OrdinaryCow
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How do they detect the direction gravitational waves come from?

Posted: 08 May 2019 10:16 AM PDT

Power generation. What determines the voltage and current specifications of a generator?

Posted: 08 May 2019 03:12 PM PDT

I have some electrical/electronic training and understand the basics concepts of torque relating to current and frequency of AC relating to rotation speed. What I'm asking is, if I go to a engineer and say I need a generator that outputs x volts at y RPM and provides Z current, what characteristics are they gonna utilize to create this? Coil length, magnetic field strength, # of coils etc?

submitted by /u/forgotpassword89
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Why are the storms of Uranus less evident in contrast to those of Jupiter and Neptune?

Posted: 08 May 2019 07:53 AM PDT

Do cells have 4 copies of each gene after synthesis in mitosis?

Posted: 08 May 2019 05:01 PM PDT

How is a continent defined?

Posted: 08 May 2019 01:04 PM PDT

What were some unique traits and criterias considered while grouping landmass together for one identity?

Pardon me if it's not defined using scientific logic but just by some random humane idea.

submitted by /u/Illustrious_Engineer
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What is a phantom power supply that can have a CC or a CV?

Posted: 08 May 2019 06:37 PM PDT

We are developing an electrical test for motors. Without going into details for that one colleague suggested to buy phantom power supply which can have a constant current or a constant voltage. But this is not logical to me. How does this device work? Does it change its resistance (U = IR) to keep one parametar constant but not the other or no?

submitted by /u/faustian_talos
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Can oils/lipids dissolve elemental mercury?

Posted: 08 May 2019 06:30 PM PDT

What is the extremely high pitched noise I hear from old televisions, that most of my friends can not?

Posted: 08 May 2019 05:20 AM PDT

Are any galaxies actually colliding?

Posted: 08 May 2019 01:30 PM PDT

I've heard of galaxies interacting but are any actually colliding? I've heard they are so vast that galaxies interacting doesn't really fit our idea of actually colliding (i.e matter hitting matter).

submitted by /u/bryanBr
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Why are immunotherapies(CAR-T, Antibodies) less effective against solid tumors?

Posted: 08 May 2019 04:56 PM PDT

Adoptive cell therapy/CAR-T is new and exciting but for now is only approved for blood cancers. Is this technique a dead end or can it be modified for solid tumors?

submitted by /u/hammer388
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Are highly metallic asteroids attracted to the earth's poles?

Posted: 08 May 2019 07:04 AM PDT

If I could see WiFi signal, what would it look like?

Posted: 08 May 2019 05:29 AM PDT

Wednesday, May 8, 2019

At what frequency can human eye detect flashes? Big argument in our lab.

At what frequency can human eye detect flashes? Big argument in our lab.


At what frequency can human eye detect flashes? Big argument in our lab.

Posted: 07 May 2019 07:47 PM PDT

I'm working on a paddlewheel to measure water velocity in an educational flume. I'm an old dude, but can easily count 4 Hz, colleagues say they can't. https://emriver.com/models/emflume1/

submitted by /u/gravelbar
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What changes occur in babies skin between 5 and 6 months that allow for the use of sunscreen?

Posted: 07 May 2019 08:10 PM PDT

The go-to rule for sunscreen for babies is 6 months due to the their skin being thin and the surface area ratio for chemicals. What happens at 6 months to make it acceptable to use sunscreen? Is waiting until 6 months even necessary?

submitted by /u/rigidtoucan123
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Can the human ear adjust to volume?

Posted: 07 May 2019 08:20 PM PDT

I've noticed that without changing the volume, I can go from barely hearing the tv to it being too loud. For example, I had to turn it to 15 (loud for our tv) to hear it at first, but after watching for a few minutes I was able to hear it fine at volume 3.

submitted by /u/Fireyshotguns51
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How do bugs become fossils by being trapped in amber? Cant other small animals can be fossils the same way?

Posted: 08 May 2019 03:59 AM PDT

Do people with retrograde amnesia usually immediately realize their memories are missing?

Posted: 08 May 2019 03:41 AM PDT

This is something I've pondered for a while. For the record, I'm mostly talking about amnesia as an isolated condition, not like resulting from Alzheimer's or dementia, since it's pretty apparent in those cases that they don't often realize that there are some holes in their memory until someone brings it to their attention; at least, that seems to be the case as far as I'm aware.

It's something I've wondered about, because in modern fiction, amnesia is a really popular trope, and I often notice that characters with amnesia tend to almost immediately realize that memories that should be there are missing without much external input or something prompting them to realize that's the case.

Like, indulge me in my video game hobby for a second. In the game Megaman ZX Advent for example, one of the protagonists you can play as, Grey, is a supposed amnesiac, and as soon as he's awoken from a stasis pod, he immediately exclaims something to the effect of "Where am I? Who am I? I can't remember anything", without any external input, unlike say, Fire Emblem Awakening where the amnesiac protagonist Robin realizes that he's missing memories after being interrogated by other characters, and realizing he doesn't remember things like his name or where he came from. Would it be like in Grey's case, where you just immediately realize that you can't remember anything, or would you more typically be blissfully unaware that you're missing memories until something brings it to your attention? Or is it like a mixed bag where it is usually wildly different on a case-by-case basis?

submitted by /u/CurseOfMyth
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How long after clinical death, can someone be revived?

Posted: 07 May 2019 09:16 PM PDT

How long without damage to the body (brain, heart, etc.)? And how long before being unable to keep yourself alive (breathing by yourself, without help)?

submitted by /u/ijzendoorn
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 08 May 2019 08:12 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Is it possible to predict a chemical reaction without carrying out experiment?

Posted: 08 May 2019 04:14 AM PDT

I wonder if there are anyway to step by step calculate a reaction, like from redox ,forming of bonds, when does a molecule got broken down etc. to find out the products

submitted by /u/PhilipP_Reddit
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How do electric eels work when they discharge shocks ?

Posted: 08 May 2019 03:59 AM PDT

I saw a gif where a guy touches an electric eel and gets shocked. I was wondering how badly you can get shocked and how does it really work ?

submitted by /u/brtaleb
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How far apart are stars on average in our galaxy?

Posted: 07 May 2019 06:40 PM PDT

So I did some calculations. Apparently there's 100-200 billion. But the Milky Way is only 100,000 light years across. Doing some math that means there's about a million stars per light year. That seems a bit cramped?

submitted by /u/Jacob_wallace
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Why do shape memory alloys go back to their set shape after being heated?

Posted: 07 May 2019 07:27 PM PDT

Is the Earth's crust constantly getting thicker?

Posted: 08 May 2019 05:51 AM PDT

I was wondering if the Earth's crust is constantly getting thicker as a result of organic matter adding to the topsoil, and eventually becoming sedimentary rock - or is there a cyclical process going on somewhere perhaps involving the mantle?

submitted by /u/spasmos
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How common is diverticulus as a leading cause of death or injury in herbivores that eat all day (like elephants or cows or horses)? What about pandas?

Posted: 07 May 2019 09:31 PM PDT

If horses eat too much hay, are the at risk of straining their intestines?

submitted by /u/inquilinekea
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Can alpha / beta decay occur without also emitting a gamma ray?

Posted: 08 May 2019 01:11 AM PDT

I know that you can't have (or very rare to find) just gamma rays, but can you have just alpha or just beta particles emitted in radioactive decay?

Couldn't find anything helpful on google.

submitted by /u/Kish_v
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If one were to take an elevator through the center of the earth (while ignoring the lethal heat of course) would the earth’s gravitational pull on the riders decrease gradually as the elevator descended? Or would the gravity remain the same until you reached the core?

Posted: 07 May 2019 10:20 PM PDT

What is the use of bronchoconstriction?

Posted: 08 May 2019 12:03 AM PDT

I understand that our bodies relax the muscle behind the trachea (bronchodilation) in order to widen the air passageway and breathe more easily.

But why would our bodies go out of their way and use energy to contract that muscle and make breathing harder?

submitted by /u/impostorbot
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Does every moon have "Dark" side?

Posted: 07 May 2019 09:39 PM PDT

I know we can see only one side of our moon ( and calling it "dark" is not correct). But does it apply to every planet?

submitted by /u/bahaEpic
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What determines the size of raindrops?

Posted: 07 May 2019 12:39 PM PDT

What species of animals and plants would have lived in the South of Pangaea?

Posted: 08 May 2019 02:23 AM PDT

I would like to know what lifeforms would have survived the cold/harsh climate of South-Eastern Pangaea, namely the Australian continent.

submitted by /u/haha_long_boi
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Why we call Cranial Diabetes Insipidus a type of "Diabetes" ?

Posted: 08 May 2019 01:14 AM PDT

What Diabetes actually means ?

submitted by /u/thetechlyone
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What happens when you superimpose two coherent, out-of-phase beams of light?

Posted: 07 May 2019 01:52 PM PDT

What initially got me thinking was seeing this question over on r/explainlikeimfive about the general nature of destructive interference and the conservation of energy.

The basic examples are all pretty clear to me (Interference pattern in the double slit experiment? The bright parts contain the energy that the dark parts are missing. Shining two lasers against each other? They produce a standing wave.) But I came up with a scenario where I cannot simply come up with a solution as to where the energy goes:

 E | | E--M==== 

With E being the emitters of a single coherent beam of light each, M being a semi-transparent mirror and = being the superposition of the two laser beams (I'm ignoring the part of the light that will go in a downwards direction for ease of "drawing", though it should be completely analogous to the light going to the right). If you control for polarisation and phase shift at the emitters, = could be made to be of of the form sin(t) + sin(t+pi), which is constantly equal to 0.

There is clearly energy going into M, yet it seems like destructive interference should completely negate any outgoing energy. Which is obviously impossible.

Does the mirror simply heat up? If so: How? What are the exact mechanics involved? Or am I missing something else?

Edit: Typo.

submitted by /u/EntropyZer0
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Is titanium carbonitride conductive?

Posted: 07 May 2019 05:29 PM PDT

No right?

submitted by /u/kayonetheus
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