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Wednesday, April 24, 2019

AskScience AMA Series: Hi! We are researchers from the National Institutes of Health and University College London studying how advances in genetics are affecting our lives and the world around us. In honor of National DNA Day, ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: Hi! We are researchers from the National Institutes of Health and University College London studying how advances in genetics are affecting our lives and the world around us. In honor of National DNA Day, ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: Hi! We are researchers from the National Institutes of Health and University College London studying how advances in genetics are affecting our lives and the world around us. In honor of National DNA Day, ask us anything!

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 04:00 AM PDT

Each year on April 25, we celebrate National DNA Day, which commemorates the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 and the discovery of DNA's double helix in 1953. On this day students, teachers, and the public learn more about genetics and genomics. In honor of DNA Day this year, the Intramural Research Program (IRP) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is partnering with the NIH's National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) to bring you an "Ask Me Anything" with three experts on the many ways that advances in the genomic sciences are changing our lives.

Alexander Katz, M.D., and Laura Koehly, Ph.D., of NHGRI, along with Saskia Sanderson, Ph.D., of University College London, will answer questions on the latest discoveries and research endeavors in the field of genetics, including The Genomic Ascertainment Cohort (TGAC), a partnership between the NIH and Inova Health System that aims to gather genomic data from many different sources into a single, searchable system to enable researchers to study the link between genetic variants and individual traits. In addition, they will discuss how knowledge of the human genome and rapidly declining cost of DNA sequencing are affecting our physical, mental, and emotional health, as well as altering our behavior and the ways we interact with one another.

Your hosts today are:

  • Laura Koehly, Ph.D., Chief of the Social and Behavioral Research Branch and Head of the Social Network Methods Section at the NIH's National Human Genome Research Institute.
  • Alexander Katz, M.D., Clinical Geneticist and Principal Investigator, TGAC, NIH National Human Genome Research Institute.
  • Dr. Saskia Sanderson, Ph.D., a Research Psychologist and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Health Informatics at University College London (UCL).

Links to some of our papers:

We'll be joining you at 1pm (ET, 17 UT), ask us anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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The last ice age was relatively recent in history, and a huge part of the melt was from North America. How confident are scientists that the grand canyon is as old as accepted, and isn't actually the product of the massive glacial runoff at the end of the last ice age?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 07:05 AM PDT

[Spectroscopy] When analyzing EM radiation from a star, how many electron transition (and what type) can the spectral information provide?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 03:38 AM PDT

For example, if there is Ca in the star, can you actually find the spectrum of *all* possible combinations and permutations of say the 1s electron jumping to the d orbital and then jumping back to say the p^y orbital?

And can spectroscopy actually span the entire EM spectrum?

It seems the amount of information that can be garnered from a spectroscopic analysis is mind boggling.

submitted by /u/DailyCloserToDeath
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How do ionic radii influence crystal structure?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 02:01 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:12 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

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How are Gas Planets’ Moons Formed?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 10:05 PM PDT

So in my physics class we were discussing Tangential Velocity and orbits and it got me thinking about our moon and how the leading theory involves a large planetary collision with a chunk somehow ending up in orbit.

This is odd because Jupiter, for example, has 79 Moons and it's made of gas and therefore has no possibility of forming a moon via collision like earth did.

Ive done a bit of research and I am a little confused at what I've found. So I understand that Jupiter's outer moons orbit the opposite way of Jupiter's rotation thus pointing to the idea that the outer moons are asteroids that got caught into an orbit. This seems plausible. However, the inner moons are supposedly formed during the gaseous phase of our Solar System!?

This doesn't make sense to me because why would the primordial stew of gasses be attracted to random smaller collections around Juipiter instead of into the single massive collection of gas's forming near it (Jupiter). This also brings up another question! How did all these planets and moons initially get their tangential velocity to maintain orbits when they were first formed from gasses? I'm very confused :/

submitted by /u/Cono9
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What are the pharyngeal slits used for in the human embryo?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 10:58 PM PDT

If you are at the base of a large mountain range, is there any noticeable or measurable gravitation effects in the horizontal direction toward the mountain center of mass?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 05:32 PM PDT

The filmmakers behind the DS9 documentary film "What We Left Behind" are sharing an early release screener for backers on Thursday. They've said that the film is "digitally encoded" and "traceable back to you" if stills or video are shared. How is this possible?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 07:52 PM PDT

I am a student and when i was done learning for my chemistry test i was wondering how people measured atom masses, for example magnesium (Mg) has a mass of 24,3U (according to my textbook) How did scientists scale the weigh of an atom?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 01:18 PM PDT

When pollen reaches the stigma, how does it get to the ovules?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 03:03 PM PDT

Why do longer amines have less solubility than shorter amines?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 10:54 PM PDT

Hi there,

​

I have read in my textbook that "As the length of the hydrocarbon chain of an amine increases, the solubility decreases". Why is this correct? I understand that there are hydrogen bonds and all that, but why would the solubility decrease when the length of the chain increases? Thanks

submitted by /u/chrisunz
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How does the squish squash illusion work?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 11:35 AM PDT

https://youtu.be/xeGCb9Nxj5w

Above is a link to the "Squish Squash Illusion" What is actually going on in the eyes and brain that makes this illusion work?

submitted by /u/badboyteenagerclub
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Is it possible for there to be more than 2 electrons paired together?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 05:25 PM PDT

Electrons pair according to Hund's rule where it is stated that only 2 electrons pair together. Is it possible to force electrons to break this rule and if not what prevents it from happening.

submitted by /u/ChimmiChonga00
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What makes your skin red after a sunburn?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 10:55 AM PDT

How do we know how old a fossil is without carbon dating?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 07:10 PM PDT

Past 50,000 years carbon dating becomes inaccurate, so how do we determine the age of a let's say 50 million year old fossil?

submitted by /u/Nerd10001
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How *far* does the average tornado travel?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 10:26 PM PDT

How do gas planets not diffuse into space? Do they have a non-gaseous core?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 09:46 AM PDT

I've always been confused about how gas planets are a thing e.g. Neptune, Uranus, Jupiter etc. If they are mainly made of gas, then what's stopping the gas that composes them from diffusing into space? What are their cores composed of? How do giant gas balls stay together and rotate on their axis and around the sun?

submitted by /u/Nutmegbread
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Where do we get our gut bacteria from?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 08:06 AM PDT

As infants, where does our initial set of gut bacteria (and other symbiotic bacteria) come from? Initially we are human cells undergoing mitosis to form human organs and eventually a full human. We get nutrients from our mothers, but to my understanding that is purely nutrients, there is nothing else passed through. So where do these bacteria that are so critical for our existence come from at the start of our lives?

submitted by /u/tacticalBOVINE
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Did the creation of the Panama Canal mess with the eco system of the oceans? IE the combining of two previously separated bodies of water

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 08:03 AM PDT

Is there any evidence that the standard work week affects weather, and if so, how?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 07:22 AM PDT

Our weather has been very consistent recently (clear and sunny during the week, rained last four Fridays), and I started to wonder whether traffic and factory schedules and patterns had an impact on weather and weather cycles. Or whether this is just an odd coincidence.

submitted by /u/jophus00
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How is the CNOT gate in quantum teleportation allowed to break entanglement?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 10:11 AM PDT

Perhaps the title is confusingly worded, but I can't think of a better way.

In today's quantum computing class, we discussed quantum teleportation. Specifically, we discussed the following scenario:

  • Alice possesses a particle in the state |Psi> = a|0> + B|1>

  • Both Alice and Bob receive one of a pair of entangle particles, both of which exist in the Bell state |B_00> = 1/sqrt2 * (|0_A>|0_B> + |1_A>|1_B>

  • Alice passes her particles through a CNOT gate, |Psi_a> = W_CNOT(|Psi>|B_A>) (where |B_A> is Alice's part of the entangled pair)

  • Alice then passes her |Psi> particle through a Hadamard gate.

  • The final state of the composite system is then a superposition with equal probability of Alice measuring her pair of particles in any combination, and Bob's particle is a superposition matching Alice's |Psi> particle.

(Side note, this would be much clearer if the subreddit supported LaTeX.)

What I don't understand is how passing Alice's part of the entangled Bell pair can change Alice's particle but not Bob's particle. Isn't the CNOT gate interacting with (i.e. measuring) Alice's particle, and therefore collapsing Bob's particle? Specifically (ignoring constants),

|Psi_sys> = |Psi>|B_00>

|Psi_sys> = (|0> + |1>)(|0_A>|0_B> + |1_A>|1_B>)

|Psi_sys> = |0>(|0_A>|0_B>) + |1>(|0_A>|0_B>) + |0>(|1_A>|1_B>) + |1>(|1_A>|1_B>)

|Psi_sys> = (|0>|0_A>)|0_B> + (|1>|0_A>)|0_B> + (|0>|1_A>)|1_B> + (|1>|1_A>)|1_B>

This last step feels like abuse of notation, considering the entangled nature of the Bell state. Can someone clarify what is happening here?

submitted by /u/picardythird
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How reactive is francium?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 10:50 AM PDT

I've seen classroom demos of the professor placing alkali metals into water and seeing reactivity increase as you go down the periodic table. I was just wondering what happens if you do this to a significant amount of francium? I know there is a tiny amount on earth at any given time but I've been wondering about this for a long time.

submitted by /u/purpleflower94
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vào lúc No comments:

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?

Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?

Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 04:23 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We're the researchers behind the "faking a smile" and drinking study, ask us anything!

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 04:00 AM PDT

We're industrial/organizational psychologists whose recent study on emotional labor and drinking gained some traction on /r/science. We're here to answer your questions about controlling emotions at work, its effects on health and productivity, or what the heck an industrial/organizational psychologist is, anyway.

First, some basics. Industrial/Organizational psychology is the scientific study of people at work. Topics range from how to fairly select and place the best applicants, evaluate training programs, and measure job performance; to how to lead effectively, work in teams, motivate employees, and improve their health. It also just so happens to be one of the best jobs in science, according to U.S. News and World Report (not that we're bragging or anything...).

Our line of research, which focuses on emotional labor, ties in aspects of employee motivation, performance, and health. Similar to how we think of jobs requiring physical or mental labor, emotional labor refers to controlling your emotions to be in line with how your job expects you to feel - like how restaurant servers, nurses, cashiers, teachers, bartenders are expected to be kind, friendly, or service-oriented. We typically talk about emotional labor being done through two strategies:

  • Surface acting - faking or suppressing your emotional display to others
    • Faking a smile, holding back frustration towards a customer
  • Deep acting - bringing your true feelings in line with what the job requires
    • Thinking happy thoughts before a shift

There's been a ton of work looking at the effects of emotional labor since Arlie Hochschild coined the concept in 1983 - here's a basic summary, as well as a more in-depth review.

In a national sample of U.S. workers, our study finds that individuals who surface acted more tended to engage in more heavy drinking. This relationship holds even after accounting for demographics (gender, age, education, income), employees' tendency to be in a bad mood, and the emotional demands of the job. We also found that employees who are more impulsive, have less control over their work, or have more short-term interactions (think cashier, compared to nurse or teacher) are especially at risk. We'll be on from 2-4 (ET, 18-20 UT) and we'd love to answer any questions you might have about our study, emotional labor more generally, or the study of people at work!

Bios:

  • Alicia A. Grandey, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology at Penn State University. Always striving to balance work productivity and personal health in research and life through running, yoga, travel, theatre, and time with family and friends.
  • Robert C. Melloy, Ph.D., Senior People Scientist at Culture Amp. As a longtime Redditor, thanks so much for taking interest in our work and helping us make the front page! - - > my (late night) reaction to seeing it!
  • Gordon M. Sayre: Doctoral Candidate at Penn State University. Hobbies include playing tennis, spearfishing, and trying desperately to keep my garden alive.
submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Do transplanted organs make new cells with the donor's DNA forever? Or does the recipient's DNA start to take over the creation of new cells for the transplanted organ?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 05:07 PM PDT

What is so "special" about the toe that it produces a toe nail? Why can't other places of skin do this, like my elbow?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 11:38 PM PDT

What do space stations do to get rid of excess heat?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 07:06 AM PDT

With heat constantly being transferred from the sun and from electronic devices on board, how do space stations get rid of excess heat seeing as they are surrounded by vacuum?

submitted by /u/Shootrmcgavn
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Do plants of the same size give off the same amount of oxygen?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:44 PM PDT

Are there any plants that give off a higher percentage of oxygen per centimeter of (plant space?) than other compatible plants?
What would be the best house plant for good fresh air?

submitted by /u/Tmanning47
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Would an object with twice the mass (and size) of the moon, situated twice the distance away from Earth that the moon is now, have the same effect on the tides as the moon?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 04:24 PM PDT

Not sure if this is Astronomy or Planetary Sci. I'll change if it does not fit.

submitted by /u/UmmmWut_1
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Do the proportions of nutrients change in a fruit as it ripens?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:51 PM PDT

E.g. in a banana, do the amounts of potassium or vitamin b6 change from when it is green to when it is brown?

submitted by /u/DusktheUmbreon
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How come when we squint at a light it make a plus shape?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:32 PM PDT

If all the carbonation from a bottle of soda was removed, would the bottle have a smaller volume of soda? How much less would it weigh? How are bubbles "hidden"in the soda?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:55 PM PDT

Is there a daytime equivalent of REM sleep cycles?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:34 AM PDT

Do self-replicating organisms suffer from the same adverse effects as inbreeding?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:29 AM PDT

EDIT: ever suffer*

submitted by /u/willytheasianwhale
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When should you consider global over local symmetry (or vice versa) when it comes to solid or fluid materials?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 08:21 PM PDT

I was having a discussion with my optics professor about the symmetry of lens and mirror materials at the atomic scale with respect to interactions with light. He was mentioning that it is often understood that liquids and gases are more symmetric than solids because transformations applied don't seems to alter the macroscopic appearance as much.

This made sense to me overall, but of course I intuitively believed that since solids are more orderly, you could find discrete axes and planes to perform transformation that would ideally return everything back to where it started. The part that doesn't make sense is the fact that liquids and gases likely wouldn't microscopically look the same upon performing that same transformation.

Ultimately I'm curious why a break in local symmetry can be "ignored" if a given transformation preserves global symmetry? I'm fairly new to this type of topic so forgive me if this is very basic in the grand scheme.

submitted by /u/GreenTeaMG
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How did the "Mother Lode" vein of California gold develop?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:22 AM PDT

And why did it end up concentrating where it did? I have a very basic understanding that it was deposited there as tectonic plates collided and formed the Sierra Nevada mountain range, but where was the gold and in what way was it distributed before the plates collided? (I'd love to learn as much as you can tell me about the process, these are just a few questions that I hope are covered in a broader answer. Thank you!)

submitted by /u/RhinosGoMoo
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So another earthquake hit the PH today. Just 1 day apart, but from different places. Is there a connection between the 2? Should we be worried here in the PH for another big one?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 11:21 PM PDT

Do the proteins and phospholipids of cell walls and organelles have to be repaired often?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:05 PM PDT

And does this produce a waste that has to be excreted or does it recycle the material?

submitted by /u/Zhydhe
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Does the concentration of all the matter in our solar system follow a pattern that we might expect in most other solar systems with similar sized suns, i.e most solar systems with earth like planets will be 1 AU from its own sun?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:44 AM PDT

I'm reading a colorful space book and saw a figure that shows a full page of super clusters, our local super cluster, or galaxy, and then our solar system.

https://imgur.com/a/XppHGj9

I noticed that when you look at the universe as a whole on that picture, you can see a pattern of very irregular shaped circles, where the stars/brightness are most concentrated on the outlines of each blobby circle. It's like in a way, our whole universe looks like a blobby 3D array of the inside of a beehive.

This got me thinking, does that mean that the overall concentration of each element of matter is roughly spread uniformly throughout the universe? And when looking at our own solar system, does it make mathematical sense where the planets in our own solar system formed relative to the distance of their orbital paths around the sun, and the concentration of elements that formed each planet?

Main question that clarifies what I am asking in the title Has it been observed in other solar systems with suns similar in size/mass to our own, that planets made mostly of certain elements would form in certain ranges of distances from their own suns similar to our own solar system? Like if you zoomed in on a random solar system with a similar sized sun, we'd see a planet roughly the same distance from its sun as Mars, and it would be very similar to our own Mars, and same with planets that are located the same distance from their sun as our own Earth, Mercury, Jupiter, and so on?

submitted by /u/WhiteWashedWeeaboo
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How could you measure activation energy of KNO3 and sugar model rocket fuel in a lab setting and how would this affect the ignition time?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:33 PM PDT

My teacher mentioned something about measuring the ignition time for the solid fuel, we haven't covered kinetics yet. I'm looking for a bit of direction.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/unidentified_pancake
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How exactly would a bomb tech die from an explosion?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:02 PM PDT

More specifically, the opening scene of the Hurt Locker where the bomb tech looks to be a reasonable distance away from the bomb to not really be hurt especially with the suit on.

How does distance affect damage and what does the suit they wear protect from mostly?

submitted by /u/daaaaaaabulls
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vào lúc No comments:

Monday, April 22, 2019

How does Aloe Vera help with sunburns?

How does Aloe Vera help with sunburns?

How does Aloe Vera help with sunburns?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 03:22 PM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We are Andrea Copping, Biological Oceanographer, Genevra Harker-Klimes, Physical Oceanographer, and Meg Pinza, Coastal Scientist. We study the environmental effects of marine energy at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Ask us anything!

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:17 AM PDT

Hi Reddit!! Marine energy is a huge, largely untapped energy resource. So huge that more than 10% of Pacific states' electricity demand could be satisfied by developing a fraction of the wave energy available off the West coast.

Imagine a future where we could harness ALL of our oceans' energy, including energy from moving water, like waves, currents, tides, and offshore winds. Renewable energy like this is not only immense, but its predictable nature allows power grid managers to offset more established, yet variable renewable resources such as wind and solar power. And on a regional scale, widespread marine energy has the potential to provide localized power sources in isolated coastal regions and areas susceptible to extreme events, such as hurricanes, flooding, and storm surge.

But are there environmental costs to widespread installation of marine energy devices in our oceans? How does marine life react to these devices? And is this approach safe?

At the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, we are tackling these exact research questions here. Ask us Anything!

We're looking forward to this! We'll be on at 9 AM PT (12 ET, 16 UT). Ask us anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Where does the flu virus go when it's not flu season? What is the reservoir it uses to come back from each year?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 03:22 PM PDT

What degree of refurbishment is required for Space X's boosters between launches? How many times can they be used before retirement?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 10:06 PM PDT

I know little on the topic but one would assume that the abuse incurred from the rocket launch, atmosphere re-entry and landing would have at least some level of impact on the boosters. Rockets seem to blow up pretty regularly even when everything is crafted for absolute precision, it seems like reusing boosters is throwing an unknown variable into the equation resulting in a greatly increased probability for failure

submitted by /u/Tormund___Giantsbane
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Is an aerodynamic object inherently hydrodynamic and vice versa?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 06:34 PM PDT

How many tumours/would-be-cancers does the average person suppress/kill in their lifetime?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:53 AM PDT

Not every non-benign oncogenic cell survives to become a cancer, so does anyone know how many oncogenic cells/tumours the average body detects and destroys successfully, in an average lifetime?

submitted by /u/Kylecrafts
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What if you measure only one slit in the double slit experiment?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 10:06 PM PDT

I was watching a Sixty Symbols video about the wave function and they mentioned that, in the famous double-slit experiment, measuring the slits to actually see which one the particle goes through stops all the quantum-mechanical effects, and you're left with no interference pattern.

My question is this: say you measure only one of the two slits. Then, when the particles is sent out, it goes through the slit you are not measuring. Since you know it didn't go through the slit you are measuring, that also should exhibit the observer effect, right? But this is insane, because your measurement never actually interacts with or observes the particle. It just observes somewhere that it isn't.

So I guess I'm asking if this is actually what would happen, or if it would still exhibit an interference pattern somehow. And importantly, why, because this whole thing seems crazy to me.

submitted by /u/marshalpol
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humans can over eat and beconme obese, is it possible for flight capable birds to over eat and become unable to fly?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 01:24 PM PDT

What happens if we take too much C02 out of the atmosphere?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:59 AM PDT

If we were to try and reverse climate change by planting 1.2 trillion trees ( https://e360.yale.edu/digest/planting-1-2-trillion-trees-could-cancel-out-a-decade-of-co2-emissions-scientists-find ), is there any risk of over correction? Is there any risk with putting too much oxygen in the atmosphere or taking too much C02 out?

submitted by /u/alecwith
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How would photons hitting each other/ light waves hitting each other behave?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 11:04 PM PDT

Say you shined a laser onto a plane mirror in a vacuum at a perfect 90º angle and therefore, the ray would reflect back perfectly onto the source right? but since the photons act as particles as well wouldn't the like hit each other or something? maybe slow each other down? maybe change the amplitude or something?

submitted by /u/NOT_the_MI6
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Do nightmares affect your body differently than regular dreams? Like, do they add stress, give you less rest, etc?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:35 AM PDT

I get anxiety nightmares pretty often, and never really thought much of it... until I told a friend about them, and they said it must be hard on my body. I wondered if that was true.

I know that stress/anxiety hurts your body during waking life, so does it do the same (or something similar) while you're sleeping?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/palmfranz
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Does glass flow or not at room temperature over time?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 12:58 PM PDT

So I am a Polymer Science student and I have heard and read contradictory statements regarding this. Being a pseudofluid (amorphous) material glass flows with gravity over time indicative by window glasses thicker at the bottom..But I have also read that that's how glass windows are made and that the former is a myth.

submitted by /u/M_Killjoy
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What is the mechanism for energy released by a black hole merger?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:37 AM PDT

I've heard that when two black holes merge there is an incredible amount of energy released. And that this energy which is released is often equivalent to the mass energy of a few solar masses at least, in the case of the merger first detected by LIGO. As I understand, nothing can escape from within the Event Horizon of a black hole but somehow something must get out because there is energy released when two black holes merge together.

My question is, how can energy be released by to merging black holes? Is this some form of Hawking radiation? What is the mechanism that allows for this release of energy?

Bonus Q: how is it that merging black holes which are orbiting each other can have their orbits decay? I would expect, since the mass inside is a singularity, that tidal forces, which are usually the mechanism for bleeding off orbital energy, wouldn't really make sense between two point masses.

submitted by /u/Metastatic_Autism
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The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics dictates that a black body is a perfect absorber AND emitter of light. How does a black body emit light?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 03:23 PM PDT

This also means the sun is a perfect absorber of light. How does the sun absorb light?

submitted by /u/iiSystematic
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Why do snails have swirls on their shells?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 01:45 PM PDT

So you know how some animals can “smell fear”? Well, I was wondering, do humans actually emit a scent when they’re afraid, that other animals can smell?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 06:02 AM PDT

How long would a building need to be for it to account for the curvature of the Earth and how do architects build structures like that?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 10:50 AM PDT

So in nukes, the "atom is split", but why is it that when they are split specifically gamma rays and neutrons are released?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 04:04 PM PDT

I dont know much about chemistry as school doesnt help much but can someone explain this to me?

submitted by /u/Reeksofsteelwolf
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Does polyurethane coatings (enamel or varnish) emit harmful substances (formaldehyde) even after polymerization? or do they become chemically neutral?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 07:58 AM PDT

When is Dead really Dead? (What is the recent Yale study telling us?)

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 04:55 AM PDT

Is it possible to dehydrate and then rehydrate human cells, so that they are alive after rehydration?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 07:52 AM PDT

If so I think it may help with long distance space exploration, as one problem of cryofreezing humans is that the cells explode, due to the expansion of water in the cells, and if the person is dehydrated then they might be able to freeze then be rehydrated later.

Might be impossible just thought I'd ask, cause it seemed interesting.

submitted by /u/BladedVengence
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If rivers erode the landmass, eventually carrying sediments into the sea, how don't rivers erode away the entire mass of continents over millions of years?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 07:45 AM PDT

I know it's a slow process, but rivers erode their nearby land and carry sediments, eventually depositing them downstream. But the water of rivers eventually ends up in the sea and then in the oceans, feeding the oceans with sediments from inland all the time. How didn't the rivers wash away the entire landmass from the continents into the ocean over millions of years?

submitted by /u/MartinaS90
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