Pages

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?

Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?


Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 04:23 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We're the researchers behind the "faking a smile" and drinking study, ask us anything!

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 04:00 AM PDT

We're industrial/organizational psychologists whose recent study on emotional labor and drinking gained some traction on /r/science. We're here to answer your questions about controlling emotions at work, its effects on health and productivity, or what the heck an industrial/organizational psychologist is, anyway.

First, some basics. Industrial/Organizational psychology is the scientific study of people at work. Topics range from how to fairly select and place the best applicants, evaluate training programs, and measure job performance; to how to lead effectively, work in teams, motivate employees, and improve their health. It also just so happens to be one of the best jobs in science, according to U.S. News and World Report (not that we're bragging or anything...).

Our line of research, which focuses on emotional labor, ties in aspects of employee motivation, performance, and health. Similar to how we think of jobs requiring physical or mental labor, emotional labor refers to controlling your emotions to be in line with how your job expects you to feel - like how restaurant servers, nurses, cashiers, teachers, bartenders are expected to be kind, friendly, or service-oriented. We typically talk about emotional labor being done through two strategies:

  • Surface acting - faking or suppressing your emotional display to others
    • Faking a smile, holding back frustration towards a customer
  • Deep acting - bringing your true feelings in line with what the job requires
    • Thinking happy thoughts before a shift

There's been a ton of work looking at the effects of emotional labor since Arlie Hochschild coined the concept in 1983 - here's a basic summary, as well as a more in-depth review.

In a national sample of U.S. workers, our study finds that individuals who surface acted more tended to engage in more heavy drinking. This relationship holds even after accounting for demographics (gender, age, education, income), employees' tendency to be in a bad mood, and the emotional demands of the job. We also found that employees who are more impulsive, have less control over their work, or have more short-term interactions (think cashier, compared to nurse or teacher) are especially at risk. We'll be on from 2-4 (ET, 18-20 UT) and we'd love to answer any questions you might have about our study, emotional labor more generally, or the study of people at work!

Bios:

  • Alicia A. Grandey, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology at Penn State University. Always striving to balance work productivity and personal health in research and life through running, yoga, travel, theatre, and time with family and friends.
  • Robert C. Melloy, Ph.D., Senior People Scientist at Culture Amp. As a longtime Redditor, thanks so much for taking interest in our work and helping us make the front page! - - > my (late night) reaction to seeing it!
  • Gordon M. Sayre: Doctoral Candidate at Penn State University. Hobbies include playing tennis, spearfishing, and trying desperately to keep my garden alive.
submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
[link] [comments]

Do transplanted organs make new cells with the donor's DNA forever? Or does the recipient's DNA start to take over the creation of new cells for the transplanted organ?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 05:07 PM PDT

What is so "special" about the toe that it produces a toe nail? Why can't other places of skin do this, like my elbow?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 11:38 PM PDT

What do space stations do to get rid of excess heat?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 07:06 AM PDT

With heat constantly being transferred from the sun and from electronic devices on board, how do space stations get rid of excess heat seeing as they are surrounded by vacuum?

submitted by /u/Shootrmcgavn
[link] [comments]

Do plants of the same size give off the same amount of oxygen?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:44 PM PDT

Are there any plants that give off a higher percentage of oxygen per centimeter of (plant space?) than other compatible plants?
What would be the best house plant for good fresh air?

submitted by /u/Tmanning47
[link] [comments]

Would an object with twice the mass (and size) of the moon, situated twice the distance away from Earth that the moon is now, have the same effect on the tides as the moon?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 04:24 PM PDT

Not sure if this is Astronomy or Planetary Sci. I'll change if it does not fit.

submitted by /u/UmmmWut_1
[link] [comments]

Do the proportions of nutrients change in a fruit as it ripens?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:51 PM PDT

E.g. in a banana, do the amounts of potassium or vitamin b6 change from when it is green to when it is brown?

submitted by /u/DusktheUmbreon
[link] [comments]

How come when we squint at a light it make a plus shape?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:32 PM PDT

If all the carbonation from a bottle of soda was removed, would the bottle have a smaller volume of soda? How much less would it weigh? How are bubbles "hidden"in the soda?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:55 PM PDT

Is there a daytime equivalent of REM sleep cycles?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:34 AM PDT

Do self-replicating organisms suffer from the same adverse effects as inbreeding?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:29 AM PDT

EDIT: ever suffer*

submitted by /u/willytheasianwhale
[link] [comments]

When should you consider global over local symmetry (or vice versa) when it comes to solid or fluid materials?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 08:21 PM PDT

I was having a discussion with my optics professor about the symmetry of lens and mirror materials at the atomic scale with respect to interactions with light. He was mentioning that it is often understood that liquids and gases are more symmetric than solids because transformations applied don't seems to alter the macroscopic appearance as much.

This made sense to me overall, but of course I intuitively believed that since solids are more orderly, you could find discrete axes and planes to perform transformation that would ideally return everything back to where it started. The part that doesn't make sense is the fact that liquids and gases likely wouldn't microscopically look the same upon performing that same transformation.

Ultimately I'm curious why a break in local symmetry can be "ignored" if a given transformation preserves global symmetry? I'm fairly new to this type of topic so forgive me if this is very basic in the grand scheme.

submitted by /u/GreenTeaMG
[link] [comments]

How did the "Mother Lode" vein of California gold develop?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:22 AM PDT

And why did it end up concentrating where it did? I have a very basic understanding that it was deposited there as tectonic plates collided and formed the Sierra Nevada mountain range, but where was the gold and in what way was it distributed before the plates collided? (I'd love to learn as much as you can tell me about the process, these are just a few questions that I hope are covered in a broader answer. Thank you!)

submitted by /u/RhinosGoMoo
[link] [comments]

So another earthquake hit the PH today. Just 1 day apart, but from different places. Is there a connection between the 2? Should we be worried here in the PH for another big one?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 11:21 PM PDT

Do the proteins and phospholipids of cell walls and organelles have to be repaired often?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:05 PM PDT

And does this produce a waste that has to be excreted or does it recycle the material?

submitted by /u/Zhydhe
[link] [comments]

Does the concentration of all the matter in our solar system follow a pattern that we might expect in most other solar systems with similar sized suns, i.e most solar systems with earth like planets will be 1 AU from its own sun?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:44 AM PDT

I'm reading a colorful space book and saw a figure that shows a full page of super clusters, our local super cluster, or galaxy, and then our solar system.

https://imgur.com/a/XppHGj9

I noticed that when you look at the universe as a whole on that picture, you can see a pattern of very irregular shaped circles, where the stars/brightness are most concentrated on the outlines of each blobby circle. It's like in a way, our whole universe looks like a blobby 3D array of the inside of a beehive.

This got me thinking, does that mean that the overall concentration of each element of matter is roughly spread uniformly throughout the universe? And when looking at our own solar system, does it make mathematical sense where the planets in our own solar system formed relative to the distance of their orbital paths around the sun, and the concentration of elements that formed each planet?

Main question that clarifies what I am asking in the title Has it been observed in other solar systems with suns similar in size/mass to our own, that planets made mostly of certain elements would form in certain ranges of distances from their own suns similar to our own solar system? Like if you zoomed in on a random solar system with a similar sized sun, we'd see a planet roughly the same distance from its sun as Mars, and it would be very similar to our own Mars, and same with planets that are located the same distance from their sun as our own Earth, Mercury, Jupiter, and so on?

submitted by /u/WhiteWashedWeeaboo
[link] [comments]

How could you measure activation energy of KNO3 and sugar model rocket fuel in a lab setting and how would this affect the ignition time?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:33 PM PDT

My teacher mentioned something about measuring the ignition time for the solid fuel, we haven't covered kinetics yet. I'm looking for a bit of direction.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/unidentified_pancake
[link] [comments]

How exactly would a bomb tech die from an explosion?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:02 PM PDT

More specifically, the opening scene of the Hurt Locker where the bomb tech looks to be a reasonable distance away from the bomb to not really be hurt especially with the suit on.

How does distance affect damage and what does the suit they wear protect from mostly?

submitted by /u/daaaaaaabulls
[link] [comments]

Monday, April 22, 2019

How does Aloe Vera help with sunburns?

How does Aloe Vera help with sunburns?


How does Aloe Vera help with sunburns?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 03:22 PM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We are Andrea Copping, Biological Oceanographer, Genevra Harker-Klimes, Physical Oceanographer, and Meg Pinza, Coastal Scientist. We study the environmental effects of marine energy at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Ask us anything!

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:17 AM PDT

Hi Reddit!! Marine energy is a huge, largely untapped energy resource. So huge that more than 10% of Pacific states' electricity demand could be satisfied by developing a fraction of the wave energy available off the West coast.

Imagine a future where we could harness ALL of our oceans' energy, including energy from moving water, like waves, currents, tides, and offshore winds. Renewable energy like this is not only immense, but its predictable nature allows power grid managers to offset more established, yet variable renewable resources such as wind and solar power. And on a regional scale, widespread marine energy has the potential to provide localized power sources in isolated coastal regions and areas susceptible to extreme events, such as hurricanes, flooding, and storm surge.

But are there environmental costs to widespread installation of marine energy devices in our oceans? How does marine life react to these devices? And is this approach safe?

At the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, we are tackling these exact research questions here. Ask us Anything!

We're looking forward to this! We'll be on at 9 AM PT (12 ET, 16 UT). Ask us anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
[link] [comments]

Where does the flu virus go when it's not flu season? What is the reservoir it uses to come back from each year?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 03:22 PM PDT

What degree of refurbishment is required for Space X's boosters between launches? How many times can they be used before retirement?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 10:06 PM PDT

I know little on the topic but one would assume that the abuse incurred from the rocket launch, atmosphere re-entry and landing would have at least some level of impact on the boosters. Rockets seem to blow up pretty regularly even when everything is crafted for absolute precision, it seems like reusing boosters is throwing an unknown variable into the equation resulting in a greatly increased probability for failure

submitted by /u/Tormund___Giantsbane
[link] [comments]

Is an aerodynamic object inherently hydrodynamic and vice versa?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 06:34 PM PDT

How many tumours/would-be-cancers does the average person suppress/kill in their lifetime?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:53 AM PDT

Not every non-benign oncogenic cell survives to become a cancer, so does anyone know how many oncogenic cells/tumours the average body detects and destroys successfully, in an average lifetime?

submitted by /u/Kylecrafts
[link] [comments]

What if you measure only one slit in the double slit experiment?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 10:06 PM PDT

I was watching a Sixty Symbols video about the wave function and they mentioned that, in the famous double-slit experiment, measuring the slits to actually see which one the particle goes through stops all the quantum-mechanical effects, and you're left with no interference pattern.

My question is this: say you measure only one of the two slits. Then, when the particles is sent out, it goes through the slit you are not measuring. Since you know it didn't go through the slit you are measuring, that also should exhibit the observer effect, right? But this is insane, because your measurement never actually interacts with or observes the particle. It just observes somewhere that it isn't.

So I guess I'm asking if this is actually what would happen, or if it would still exhibit an interference pattern somehow. And importantly, why, because this whole thing seems crazy to me.

submitted by /u/marshalpol
[link] [comments]

humans can over eat and beconme obese, is it possible for flight capable birds to over eat and become unable to fly?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 01:24 PM PDT

What happens if we take too much C02 out of the atmosphere?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:59 AM PDT

If we were to try and reverse climate change by planting 1.2 trillion trees ( https://e360.yale.edu/digest/planting-1-2-trillion-trees-could-cancel-out-a-decade-of-co2-emissions-scientists-find ), is there any risk of over correction? Is there any risk with putting too much oxygen in the atmosphere or taking too much C02 out?

submitted by /u/alecwith
[link] [comments]

How would photons hitting each other/ light waves hitting each other behave?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 11:04 PM PDT

Say you shined a laser onto a plane mirror in a vacuum at a perfect 90º angle and therefore, the ray would reflect back perfectly onto the source right? but since the photons act as particles as well wouldn't the like hit each other or something? maybe slow each other down? maybe change the amplitude or something?

submitted by /u/NOT_the_MI6
[link] [comments]

Do nightmares affect your body differently than regular dreams? Like, do they add stress, give you less rest, etc?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:35 AM PDT

I get anxiety nightmares pretty often, and never really thought much of it... until I told a friend about them, and they said it must be hard on my body. I wondered if that was true.

I know that stress/anxiety hurts your body during waking life, so does it do the same (or something similar) while you're sleeping?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/palmfranz
[link] [comments]

Does glass flow or not at room temperature over time?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 12:58 PM PDT

So I am a Polymer Science student and I have heard and read contradictory statements regarding this. Being a pseudofluid (amorphous) material glass flows with gravity over time indicative by window glasses thicker at the bottom..But I have also read that that's how glass windows are made and that the former is a myth.

submitted by /u/M_Killjoy
[link] [comments]

What is the mechanism for energy released by a black hole merger?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:37 AM PDT

I've heard that when two black holes merge there is an incredible amount of energy released. And that this energy which is released is often equivalent to the mass energy of a few solar masses at least, in the case of the merger first detected by LIGO. As I understand, nothing can escape from within the Event Horizon of a black hole but somehow something must get out because there is energy released when two black holes merge together.

My question is, how can energy be released by to merging black holes? Is this some form of Hawking radiation? What is the mechanism that allows for this release of energy?

Bonus Q: how is it that merging black holes which are orbiting each other can have their orbits decay? I would expect, since the mass inside is a singularity, that tidal forces, which are usually the mechanism for bleeding off orbital energy, wouldn't really make sense between two point masses.

submitted by /u/Metastatic_Autism
[link] [comments]

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics dictates that a black body is a perfect absorber AND emitter of light. How does a black body emit light?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 03:23 PM PDT

This also means the sun is a perfect absorber of light. How does the sun absorb light?

submitted by /u/iiSystematic
[link] [comments]

Why do snails have swirls on their shells?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 01:45 PM PDT

So you know how some animals can “smell fear”? Well, I was wondering, do humans actually emit a scent when they’re afraid, that other animals can smell?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 06:02 AM PDT

How long would a building need to be for it to account for the curvature of the Earth and how do architects build structures like that?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 10:50 AM PDT

So in nukes, the "atom is split", but why is it that when they are split specifically gamma rays and neutrons are released?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 04:04 PM PDT

I dont know much about chemistry as school doesnt help much but can someone explain this to me?

submitted by /u/Reeksofsteelwolf
[link] [comments]

Does polyurethane coatings (enamel or varnish) emit harmful substances (formaldehyde) even after polymerization? or do they become chemically neutral?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 07:58 AM PDT

When is Dead really Dead? (What is the recent Yale study telling us?)

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 04:55 AM PDT

Is it possible to dehydrate and then rehydrate human cells, so that they are alive after rehydration?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 07:52 AM PDT

If so I think it may help with long distance space exploration, as one problem of cryofreezing humans is that the cells explode, due to the expansion of water in the cells, and if the person is dehydrated then they might be able to freeze then be rehydrated later.

Might be impossible just thought I'd ask, cause it seemed interesting.

submitted by /u/BladedVengence
[link] [comments]

If rivers erode the landmass, eventually carrying sediments into the sea, how don't rivers erode away the entire mass of continents over millions of years?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 07:45 AM PDT

I know it's a slow process, but rivers erode their nearby land and carry sediments, eventually depositing them downstream. But the water of rivers eventually ends up in the sea and then in the oceans, feeding the oceans with sediments from inland all the time. How didn't the rivers wash away the entire landmass from the continents into the ocean over millions of years?

submitted by /u/MartinaS90
[link] [comments]

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Is it possible for a single, random atom to split on its own, at any time?

Is it possible for a single, random atom to split on its own, at any time?


Is it possible for a single, random atom to split on its own, at any time?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 11:07 PM PDT

How do we know what dinosaurs' skin looked like?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 08:37 PM PDT

Every depiction of dinosaurs shows them with leathery, reptilian like skin. Yet they say chickens are closely related to dinosaurs. How do we know dinosaurs didn't have feathers? Or fur? How do we know anything about their outer appearance from fossils alone?

submitted by /u/danath34
[link] [comments]

Do planets always form around stars?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 09:27 PM PDT

Do planets ever form in space independent of a central star? Ie a small enough mass of dust that instead of a star forming at the center and one or more planets forming in orbit around it, just one planet forms and is an unassociated planet just floating around in space?

submitted by /u/sluttyjamjams73
[link] [comments]

What about a lack of oxygen makes a cell die?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 09:18 PM PDT

Why does a lack of oxygen kill a cell? What is changing that causes this?

submitted by /u/invinciblewalnut
[link] [comments]

Is there a limit to how fast a black hole can spin?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 07:13 AM PDT

If there is no surface on a singularity, is it exempt from the speed of light when figuring in rotational speed?

submitted by /u/forestcridder
[link] [comments]

Spin is an intrinsic property of a particle; how does it interact with other particles' spin if it isn't a force?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 10:13 PM PDT

Been thinking about this one for a while. Title is quite self explanatory. For example, two electrons forming a covalent bond due to opposite spins (1/2,-1/2), this spin is said to "overcome" the Coulombic repulsion between then and from RK this bond. But, from what I've understood and heard, which, mind you isn't a lot (only a highschool student) spin has no interactive "force carrier"/Guage boson or whatever your like to call it. So, my question is, how does the spin of one particle interact with the spin of another and overcome this repulsiv electrostatic force... If it isn't a force and only a sort of angular momentum symmetry??? It's just really been bothering me. Any explanation will help, thanks!

submitted by /u/artelingus
[link] [comments]

Does entropy apply at the quantum level?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 06:29 AM PDT

In space, why can't you accelerate at 9.8m/s^2 (for like an hour or whatever) and then turn the vehicle around and decelerate at 9.8m/s^2 (for the same amount of time) - in order to simulate gravity?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 03:20 AM PDT

Why is your funny bone so sensitive?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 04:30 PM PDT

How do computerised eye tests work?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 09:35 PM PDT

What do they do, how is it that they can determine spherical and cylindrical power so quickly?

submitted by /u/TheBlindArch3r
[link] [comments]

How does bacteria exactly evolve to be antibiotic resistant?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 06:37 PM PDT

I just cannot wrap my mind around this. How does giving someone antibiotics encourage the bacteria to evolve to be antibiotic-resistant? If someone already has even a little antibiotic-resistant bacteria, then antibiotics are useless anyways, right? So if someone doesn't have antibiotic-resistant bacteria, then antibiotics should kill all the bacteria, right? Why should we worry about it evolving if it is all dead?

submitted by /u/BombBurper
[link] [comments]

How did engineers on Apollo 11 and similar missions test their code for bugs for the final mission without having to shoot a test rocket into orbit?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 12:53 PM PDT

Or at least, I very much assume they didn't have the budget for a test rocket, even with the Space Race.

submitted by /u/PeregrineZ
[link] [comments]

Why do they say that impedance slows down signals in a wire?

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 05:06 AM PDT

Impedance should only be about current resistance no? A wire with more impedance would have less current than a wire with lower impedance, but I don't see how the signal speed isn't the same for both.

Why does it change the speed of a signal? This means the more impedance a wire has, the fewer Hz my signal's wave must have or it gets "muted"?

submitted by /u/throw123awae
[link] [comments]

How does computer fill the CPU registers with the data fetched from the memory?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 04:32 PM PDT

Hi,

I want to understand what happens at the hardware/electric circuitry level. For example, how does computer know that this particular 0 bit goes to the X transistor/gate in the register cell A, and that particular 1 bit goes to Y transistor/gate in the register cell B. How does computer organise massive amount of bit/data allocation?

I know that memory and CPU are connected via data bus. Is this data bus actually a collection separate wires or one single lane to different parts of CPU?

Thanks for your explanation

submitted by /u/Purple_Sheikh
[link] [comments]

Sound waves exist in the third dimension as 2d waves, in all directions. Do sound waves exist in the 4th dimension, in all directions 3 dimensionally? Are we those waves? (Serious, no really.)

Posted: 21 Apr 2019 03:42 AM PDT

If you were a 4th dimensional being, could you make sound 3 dimensionally? How does it exist? What is it?

A 5th dimensional being sees all 3d beings as 4d objects. Therefore, they could make 3d sound waves, right?

submitted by /u/xiccit
[link] [comments]

How do scientists distinguish one species to another?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 04:19 PM PDT

If neutron stars are simply made only from neutrons, where do they get fuel to still support their glow? If normal stars fuse atoms to create energy then what is the energy-producing process of neutron stars?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 07:35 AM PDT

Where is the Astrophysics flair, by the way?

submitted by /u/Will_the_Jedi
[link] [comments]

Is there a maximum number of times that a liver can regrow itself? Does regrowing reduce the functionality of a liver or does it always return to 100%?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 02:48 PM PDT

Why is it that, if the power series for f'(x) converges at an endpoint of its interval of convergence, the power series for f(x) will also converge at that endpoint?

Posted: 20 Apr 2019 02:29 PM PDT

Title more or less says it all. My textbook stated that "it can be shown" that this is true, but didn't show it, and google has turned up nothing.

submitted by /u/gorrillagoal
[link] [comments]