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Monday, April 15, 2019

Why are microwave ovens made of metal but we can't put metal in them?

Why are microwave ovens made of metal but we can't put metal in them?


Why are microwave ovens made of metal but we can't put metal in them?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 03:15 AM PDT

Do animals have dopamine and serotonin?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 05:12 AM PDT

Why can every carnivore ear meat raw but humans need to cook it first?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 04:00 AM PDT

How massive can something get before collapsing into a spheroid?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 03:29 AM PDT

How is altitude measured on other planets if they don't have seas and hence they don't have a mean sea level?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 08:59 PM PDT

Why does a plucked string mainly vibrate at the fundamental frequency?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 04:03 AM PDT

I understand that when a string that is fixed at both ends is plucked, stationary waves can be formed at wavelengths where the frequency is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, which is the lowest possible frequency that the string can vibrate at.

Why does a string mainly vibrate mostly at the fundamental frequency, whilst the vibrations due to successive harmonics have less of an effect? What is the reason why vibrating at the lowest possible frequency is more preferable?

submitted by /u/LimeCub
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How do we know for sure that there is molten lava in earth’s core?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 05:03 AM PDT

Why are some orbital resonances stabilize the bodies in them, but some are inherently unstable?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 03:23 AM PDT

With the 1:2:4 resonance of the Galilean moons, and 2:3 Neptune/Pluto resonance, you see that their resonance keeps their orbits stable. However with the Kirkwood Gaps you see that a resonance with Jupiter has a destabilizing effect.

What determines whether a resonance stabilizes or destabilizes a system?

submitted by /u/SilentHunter7
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If Adrenaline increases blood sugar levels, but inhibits Insulin secretion, how does the sugar that it promotes get inside muscle cells?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 04:44 AM PDT

Adrenaline suppresses insulin secretion, which in turn promotes secretion of glucagon. Adrenaline and Glucagon signal the liver to begin breaking down glycogen and secreting sugar, which raises blood glucose levels.

But if Insulin secretion has been blocked, how does this glucose get into the muscles? Or is the glucose meant more for the brain which doesn't require insulin for glucose to enter the cells?

Also, how does nicotine play into this? Myself and a few people who have not smoked for many years, but continued nicotine consumption via vaping, have noticed that the worse thing we can do is vape immediately after a meal. If we vape after a meal, we feel that extreme sugar crash fatigue. However, nicotine tends to be more uplifting when we haven't eaten for many hours. I'm certain this is connected, as Nicotine definitely promotes adrenaline secretion, which in turn suppresses insulin, and raises blood glucose levels.

See: https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1966.tb01828.x

submitted by /u/Special_Pangolin
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How are Recommended Daily Amounts of micro & macro-nutrients determined?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 04:46 AM PDT

I know it's obviously only recommended but everyone is so different.

It also leads me to ask do they vary in different parts of the world?

If yes, is this due to differences in what people need in different parts of the world or are the recommendations just calculated/determined differently by different bodies?

If no, should they?

submitted by /u/MartiniLang
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Cleaning Products that kill 99.9% of germs: are these not simply leaving the strongest 0.1% to survive and repopulate?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 02:30 AM PDT

We see this in antibiotics (MRSA followed Methicillin by ~5 years, I read). Why does something similar not seem to happen in our households/environment? And if it does happen, are we not better off using soap and water, or just bleach?

submitted by /u/darcys_beard
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How does silver nitrate work on wounds?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 05:05 AM PDT

Silver nitrate is often used in the cautery of wounds in medicine. How does it do that? Is this a redox reaction? Is it exothermic? How does it work? What's the chemical reaction involved?

submitted by /u/ZEPHYRight
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Is there an object that floats on moving water but sinks otherwhise?

Posted: 15 Apr 2019 06:24 AM PDT

What is the Terahertz Gap and why does it exist?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:28 PM PDT

"It is defined as 0.1 to 10 THz (wavelengths of 3 mm to 30 µm)"

I gather we can do stuff below 0.1 THz and stuff above 10 THz, so what is it about this range that creates a problem?

submitted by /u/The_Trekspert
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Does the gravity of the moon have noticeable effects on the planet besides ocean tides?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 03:00 PM PDT

What happen if an astronaut becomes really ill on the ISS?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 08:58 PM PDT

Black holes are alway illustrated with their accretion disks around their equators. Is this necessarily the case?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 02:12 PM PDT

I know there have been a lot of black hole questions lately but now the megathreads are gone, I have another one!

Here is a typical black hole render: https://i.imgur.com/GD9oIBw.jpg

Like most renderings we see the accretion disk in a neatish ring and the energetic jets shooting out perpendicular to it. For a rotating black hole, is the accretion disk always around the equator, and the jets always emanating from the poles?

I know that in Newtonian celestial mechanics, rings are a lower energy and more stable configuration than a spherical shell, which is why you end up with planetary rings rather than spherical shells, but in planet formation scenarios I had thought the only reason these rings (and Moons) tend to be at or near the equator of the planet is because of angular momentum preserved from the original dust cloud that formed the system (correct me if I'm wrong on this!).

Presuming that matter can approach a black hole from nearly any angle, if accretion disks are indeed generally around a rotating black hole's equator, what forces are causing this?

Is there some Newtonian answer I'm missing, or is it something related to frame dragging or some other effect in general relativity?

submitted by /u/ianjm
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Are there ways to use Fourier analysis on periodic systems on chaos, double pendulum for example?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 11:03 PM PDT

As I understand it, Fourier analysis lets you break down any sort of periodic function and look at all the waves that add up to it. In the simple double pendulum example, the system is only a combination of two periodic functions, so shouldn't Fourier be able to give you an easily predictable time evolution description?

submitted by /u/_Sunny--
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Are there any major differences between the last couple interglacial periods? (MIS 1, 5, 11)??

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 04:18 PM PDT

When a person has a stroke, are their internal organs affected?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 04:54 PM PDT

When someone suffers a stroke in one hemisphere of their brain I understand that the opposite half of the body can lose muscle activity due to the death of motor neurons. Are their internal organs affected too? Will one side of their gut lose the ability of peristalsis? Will their lungs/diaphragm be affected similarly?

submitted by /u/SnowyMountain_
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Is all human blood the same color, or will there be inconsistencies based on exactly what is in the blood/ blood type?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 09:27 PM PDT

When have coral reef been wiped out and come back?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 08:17 PM PDT

In response to another question about a warmer Earth and its effects on coral reef, a flaired poster mentioned that coral reef have come and gone in the past. Can anyone provide more information on this? When did this occur; how does this occur?

atomfullerene:

Reefs have come and gone throughout earth's history. It's not uncommon for them to get wiped out and reappear after several million years with a new set of reef-forming organisms.

https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8fvubk/if_coral_reefs_existed_in_the_past_when_the_earth/dy9a70y?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x

submitted by /u/lion342
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Sunday, April 14, 2019

When you get vaccinated, does your immunity last for a life-time?

When you get vaccinated, does your immunity last for a life-time?


When you get vaccinated, does your immunity last for a life-time?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 08:20 PM PDT

Does Acid Rain still happen in the United States? I haven’t heard anything about it in decades.

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:09 AM PDT

What happens to the bones of whales when they die in the ocean?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 08:09 PM PDT

When food is frozen does the bacteria die or just go dormant? Curious if when food is thawed the bacteria that was on it comes back alive or if there is a "clean slate" and new bacteria grows?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 12:07 PM PDT

How do we know how long Jupiter's storm has been going?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 05:47 AM PDT

Has the average size of chicken eggs increased over time due to artificial selection of hens who lay bigger eggs?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 05:30 AM PDT

How are the standards for sufficient Vitamin/Mineral concentration in humans fixed?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:40 AM PDT

I recently read an article about the debate on standard for sufficient Vitamin D levels, and 2 groups come up with distinct ratings for the normal levels. With standard statistical techniques shouldn't there be no disagreement about these things? (like mean in a population?).

But say we got the population means for 2 different geographical areas, or maybe 2 different ethnic groups, then there is a chance they might be different. So how can we tell if this difference indicates a deficiency ( or conversely overconcentration) in one, or it is just characteristic for that group?

submitted by /u/ibsdatascientist
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Do blind people have more trouble creating a stable sleep/wake rhythm?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:36 AM PDT

Hi r/askscience,

I am a student Biomedical Sciences with a very (in my opinion too) small background in neurosciences. I know that people become sleepy because melatonin gets released at certain times through the biological circadian rhythm and due to a lack of light that hits the eye. Knowing that the presence of light heavily influences the melatonin release and knowing that the human rhythm is approx 24,5h, I was wondering whether blind people have more trouble acquiring a 'regular' circadian rhythm when compared to a person that can see properly.

Cheers!

Edit: please forgive me for any spelling or grammatical errors. I am on mobile and English is not my first language.

submitted by /u/Wiebehd
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What is the mechanism behind osmosis exactly? What forces make water to move from high to lower concentration?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 12:42 AM PDT

How does interaction with a Higgs Boson particle indicate mass?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 05:19 AM PDT

Title really. I think I'm conceptualising this correctly, and it says that a particles mass depends on how much it interacts with a Higgs Boson, like a top quark has a high mass because it interacts with it a lot, but a photon doesn't interact at all, so it has no mass. So how does interaction with the Higgs field or the Higgs Boson particles indicate mass? Thanks.

submitted by /u/OhhFluxy
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Why/what makes different trees have different wood grains?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 03:53 AM PDT

Was wondering how does a headache/ migraine medicines work?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:08 AM PDT

A few years ago it seemed that Ebola was apocalyptic, yet we stopped it. How were we successful is stopping it from becoming a global pandemic?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 06:55 AM PDT

Do transplanted organs grow to their adult capacity if they come from a child? Can you transplant an adult sized organ to a child?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 11:49 AM PDT

Title

submitted by /u/ibarra_
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Why is it that when you hang upside down all your blood rushes to your head but when you stand up all the blood doesn't rush to your feet?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 06:19 AM PDT

I assumed it was due to the location of the heart but I'm not too sure.

submitted by /u/Snek00
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Are animals in deserts fooled by mirages when looking for water just like humans?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 02:56 PM PDT

Why is sea level rising when the ice is already floating on the water, since its still deplacing the water?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 12:08 AM PDT

Overall, is increased desertification a positive or negative feedback loop for climate change?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 03:20 AM PDT

I know deserts reflect more sunlight than forests, but forests absorb CO2. What is the net impact of those effects?

submitted by /u/Serialk
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Is LIDAR light visible to any known animal species?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 09:55 AM PDT

The more common this technology becomes, the more likely it is that urban and suburban environments will be awash with the light from these systems. Extensive research has been performed on radio frequency sensitivity within nature, as well as the effects of acoustic sensors in marine environments, however I have yet to see any research discussing/exploring this topic of LASER within nature.

Short or long answers welcome and as always, citations are preferred where possible.

submitted by /u/Assinova
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Why is malaria not common in the United States?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 07:31 AM PDT

How Does The Lack/Excess Of Glucose Caused By Diabetes Kill You?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 10:35 AM PDT

How does it affect your body and why?

submitted by /u/Demon_Legacy_3
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Can non tropical cyclones get an eye feature like a hurricane?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 02:27 PM PDT

Birth control stats, how are they measured?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 04:56 AM PDT

I work part time in an ob/gyn clinic and it seems like the most effective method has like 1/2000 chance of getting pregnant. So if a person (female) had sex 2000 times (mind you I'm a redditor, so I'll be lucky to get there in a lifetime, so this person won't be me) chances are they would end up pregnant. I guess I'm just not sure how these stats come about and what they mean. And they are not super reassuring to me.

I also assume the companies also don't want to say their method is 100% effective as well. And I've seen a few IUDs inserted incorrectly so human error is also a concern.

submitted by /u/cheaganvegan
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Saturday, April 13, 2019

How do colorblind people perceive lasers at the wavelengths they cannot see?

How do colorblind people perceive lasers at the wavelengths they cannot see?


How do colorblind people perceive lasers at the wavelengths they cannot see?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 02:05 AM PDT

How old is the snow on top of Mt Everest?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 11:24 AM PDT

Saw an r/Showerthoughts post earlier that talked about the snow on top of Mt Everest. This got me thinking about the lifespan of snow.

Living where I do, the Pacific North West, I think of snow as a fleeting thing, tied to a season. Lasting a few days at most. I think of how delicate snowflakes seem and imagine they can't last too long out in the wild. But then this...

Somewhere relatively undisturbed with weather conditions that suit, how long can a snowflake last? Does it just remain in that form indefinitely? Is there any way at all to tell how old snow is?

submitted by /u/pjclarke
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Has Earth had a bigger mountain than Mount Everest?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 05:59 PM PDT

because of how Earth is constantly changing due to the crusts moving my question is has there ever been a taller mountain than mount everest that shrunk or just doesn't exist anymore?

submitted by /u/Rogocraft
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During pair production does the photon just split into a particle and antiparticle or is the photon fired at something?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 04:18 AM PDT

Google isn't clear and my textbook just says "In pair production a photon creates a particle and a corresponding antiparticle and vanishes in the process"

submitted by /u/tryM3B1tch
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How Responsible is the Decay of Radioactive Elements for the Brightness of a Supernova?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 03:02 PM PDT

It always seemed really clear that supernovas were bright because they were so hot and energetic, (releasing as they do more power in a few minutes as the sun will in its whole life.)

However, I recently read (in "The Magic Furnace" by Marcus Chown) that this might not be the whole story. In the 1930s, a supernova in Galaxy IC4812 was observed whose brightness cut in half every 55 days, similar to the pattern of a radioactive element with a half-life of 55 days. This led Geoffrey Burbidge to suggest that the fade of this supernovas brightness was due to the presence of recently created californium-254 (which has a 60 day half-life) decaying in the expanding shell of shock-wave.

(This was apparently later corrected and while the general idea is claimed to be correct, now scientists believe that the decaying light owes more to radioactive nickel-56 (half life of 6 days) and cobalt-56 (half life of 77 days) created during the supernova mimicking a single isotope with a half life of 60 days.)

My question is, how much of a supernova's brightness comes from traditional, 'I'd expect this from a giant explosion' sources, like heat from compression, friction, etc, and how much comes from this radioactive decay?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/HenriettaLeaveIt
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If the moon is tidally locked to Earth, how are there craters on the side facing Earth?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:51 PM PDT

The Voyager pulsar map not only marks where the Earth is located, but when the Voyager probe was launched. How did we calculate this?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 09:01 AM PDT

Pulsars make fantastic beacons because they are incredibly reliable on their pulse timing and because they can be markers not only for where in the universe something is but also when it was there. The Voyager pulsar map shows where Earth was located when the probe was launched, but how did we calculate this?

I would assume that at the time you could easily look at where the Earth is in relation to the pulsars at that moment* and just use that, but what if I wanted to make a map like that for a time long ago or long in the future?

*Did the designers of the map actually have to do more calculations than I'm postulating because the time delay in light travel skewing the relational positions? Or did they just wing it and say "that's where we see the pulsars are in relation to us factoring in delayed light, the aliens can figure that out"?

Disclosure: while I am actually very interested in hearing the answer to this, I have to admit I also have the selfish intentions of getting a Voyager pulsar map tattoo that shows where the Earth was in both time and space on my birthday.

submitted by /u/lemcott
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When the James Web telescope is launched, how much greater detail of other galaxies, or other stars should we expect to see?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 11:15 AM PDT

How big does a meteor need to become a meteorite?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT

So my question is this, how big does a meteor need to be to be able to survive the transfer from outer space through our atmosphere and impact earth to the point its of notable size like the Gibeon landfall? I understand the make up of said meteor would make a difference in its resistance to breaking down as it burns through the atmosphere.

submitted by /u/Subliminal_Image
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What is the process through which charged particles deform magnetic fields?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 06:50 PM PDT

I understand that the solar wind will deformed and break the Earth's magnetic field lines. I was wondering what the process is that causes this. I would also like to know what exactly the field lines are.

submitted by /u/Sawe871
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Why does copper sulphate crystallize in a parallelogram-like shape?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 09:26 AM PDT

Why do worms go on top of concrete when it rains?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 07:35 AM PDT

How and why does the brain reuptake serotonin?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:45 PM PDT

Information in Regards to the Pāli Language?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:34 PM PDT

Hello members of Askscience! I have a few questions about the ancient Pāli Language that I just can't seem to find any good resources which touch on them. I understand very little about this language. I know as much that it's the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism, but I do not know much about it in terms of historical relevance and Linguistics. I am looking for any information regarding the Pāli Language but most specifically:

  • What people groups or civilizations used the Pāli language? Either as their mother tongue or a lingua franca.
  • How many speakers do we estimate spoke this language at its height?
  • Why did it die off as a spoken language?
  • What is the closest modern language that we can see influences in?
  • What linguistic features or rules of this language make it unique? E.G. Arabic (and other languages) utilize an Abjad writing system.

Any information regarding the Pāli Language is greatly appreciated, but it might be easier to compare it to other ancient languages of the time. I imagine Sanskrit and Pāli share many features and vocabulary, but this could be a sign of my lack of knowledge.

submitted by /u/grumpygator123
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Is there any singularity-free gravitational soliton? That is, is there an asymptotically (but not thoroughly) flat, static, nonsingular vacuum solution of General Relativity?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:10 PM PDT

I've heard that if you replace "static" with "spherically symmetric" in the above question and ignore "singularity-free", then by Birkhoff's theorem the only such spacetime is Schwarzschild. I wonder is there a similar theorem/result that says the following: "the only static, asymptotically flat, (non-coordinate-)singularity-free metric is Minkowski flat space"?

submitted by /u/Laroel
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Does water dry quicker depending on temperature?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 05:17 PM PDT

For example say I spilt hot water on a jumper and cold water on another jumper which one would dry faster? Would it be the cold water one because the hot water needs to cool down first? Sorry if this sounds really dumb. I have no idea what science this is- psychics maybe?

submitted by /u/libeikka
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What is the difference between BDNF & NGF?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 11:14 AM PDT