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Sunday, April 14, 2019

When you get vaccinated, does your immunity last for a life-time?

When you get vaccinated, does your immunity last for a life-time?


When you get vaccinated, does your immunity last for a life-time?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 08:20 PM PDT

Does Acid Rain still happen in the United States? I haven’t heard anything about it in decades.

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:09 AM PDT

What happens to the bones of whales when they die in the ocean?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 08:09 PM PDT

When food is frozen does the bacteria die or just go dormant? Curious if when food is thawed the bacteria that was on it comes back alive or if there is a "clean slate" and new bacteria grows?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 12:07 PM PDT

How do we know how long Jupiter's storm has been going?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 05:47 AM PDT

Has the average size of chicken eggs increased over time due to artificial selection of hens who lay bigger eggs?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 05:30 AM PDT

How are the standards for sufficient Vitamin/Mineral concentration in humans fixed?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:40 AM PDT

I recently read an article about the debate on standard for sufficient Vitamin D levels, and 2 groups come up with distinct ratings for the normal levels. With standard statistical techniques shouldn't there be no disagreement about these things? (like mean in a population?).

But say we got the population means for 2 different geographical areas, or maybe 2 different ethnic groups, then there is a chance they might be different. So how can we tell if this difference indicates a deficiency ( or conversely overconcentration) in one, or it is just characteristic for that group?

submitted by /u/ibsdatascientist
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Do blind people have more trouble creating a stable sleep/wake rhythm?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:36 AM PDT

Hi r/askscience,

I am a student Biomedical Sciences with a very (in my opinion too) small background in neurosciences. I know that people become sleepy because melatonin gets released at certain times through the biological circadian rhythm and due to a lack of light that hits the eye. Knowing that the presence of light heavily influences the melatonin release and knowing that the human rhythm is approx 24,5h, I was wondering whether blind people have more trouble acquiring a 'regular' circadian rhythm when compared to a person that can see properly.

Cheers!

Edit: please forgive me for any spelling or grammatical errors. I am on mobile and English is not my first language.

submitted by /u/Wiebehd
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What is the mechanism behind osmosis exactly? What forces make water to move from high to lower concentration?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 12:42 AM PDT

How does interaction with a Higgs Boson particle indicate mass?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 05:19 AM PDT

Title really. I think I'm conceptualising this correctly, and it says that a particles mass depends on how much it interacts with a Higgs Boson, like a top quark has a high mass because it interacts with it a lot, but a photon doesn't interact at all, so it has no mass. So how does interaction with the Higgs field or the Higgs Boson particles indicate mass? Thanks.

submitted by /u/OhhFluxy
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Why/what makes different trees have different wood grains?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 03:53 AM PDT

Was wondering how does a headache/ migraine medicines work?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 07:08 AM PDT

A few years ago it seemed that Ebola was apocalyptic, yet we stopped it. How were we successful is stopping it from becoming a global pandemic?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 06:55 AM PDT

Do transplanted organs grow to their adult capacity if they come from a child? Can you transplant an adult sized organ to a child?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 11:49 AM PDT

Title

submitted by /u/ibarra_
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Why is it that when you hang upside down all your blood rushes to your head but when you stand up all the blood doesn't rush to your feet?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 06:19 AM PDT

I assumed it was due to the location of the heart but I'm not too sure.

submitted by /u/Snek00
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Are animals in deserts fooled by mirages when looking for water just like humans?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 02:56 PM PDT

Why is sea level rising when the ice is already floating on the water, since its still deplacing the water?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 12:08 AM PDT

Overall, is increased desertification a positive or negative feedback loop for climate change?

Posted: 14 Apr 2019 03:20 AM PDT

I know deserts reflect more sunlight than forests, but forests absorb CO2. What is the net impact of those effects?

submitted by /u/Serialk
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Is LIDAR light visible to any known animal species?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 09:55 AM PDT

The more common this technology becomes, the more likely it is that urban and suburban environments will be awash with the light from these systems. Extensive research has been performed on radio frequency sensitivity within nature, as well as the effects of acoustic sensors in marine environments, however I have yet to see any research discussing/exploring this topic of LASER within nature.

Short or long answers welcome and as always, citations are preferred where possible.

submitted by /u/Assinova
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Why is malaria not common in the United States?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 07:31 AM PDT

How Does The Lack/Excess Of Glucose Caused By Diabetes Kill You?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 10:35 AM PDT

How does it affect your body and why?

submitted by /u/Demon_Legacy_3
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Can non tropical cyclones get an eye feature like a hurricane?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 02:27 PM PDT

Birth control stats, how are they measured?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 04:56 AM PDT

I work part time in an ob/gyn clinic and it seems like the most effective method has like 1/2000 chance of getting pregnant. So if a person (female) had sex 2000 times (mind you I'm a redditor, so I'll be lucky to get there in a lifetime, so this person won't be me) chances are they would end up pregnant. I guess I'm just not sure how these stats come about and what they mean. And they are not super reassuring to me.

I also assume the companies also don't want to say their method is 100% effective as well. And I've seen a few IUDs inserted incorrectly so human error is also a concern.

submitted by /u/cheaganvegan
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Saturday, April 13, 2019

How do colorblind people perceive lasers at the wavelengths they cannot see?

How do colorblind people perceive lasers at the wavelengths they cannot see?


How do colorblind people perceive lasers at the wavelengths they cannot see?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 02:05 AM PDT

How old is the snow on top of Mt Everest?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 11:24 AM PDT

Saw an r/Showerthoughts post earlier that talked about the snow on top of Mt Everest. This got me thinking about the lifespan of snow.

Living where I do, the Pacific North West, I think of snow as a fleeting thing, tied to a season. Lasting a few days at most. I think of how delicate snowflakes seem and imagine they can't last too long out in the wild. But then this...

Somewhere relatively undisturbed with weather conditions that suit, how long can a snowflake last? Does it just remain in that form indefinitely? Is there any way at all to tell how old snow is?

submitted by /u/pjclarke
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Has Earth had a bigger mountain than Mount Everest?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 05:59 PM PDT

because of how Earth is constantly changing due to the crusts moving my question is has there ever been a taller mountain than mount everest that shrunk or just doesn't exist anymore?

submitted by /u/Rogocraft
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During pair production does the photon just split into a particle and antiparticle or is the photon fired at something?

Posted: 13 Apr 2019 04:18 AM PDT

Google isn't clear and my textbook just says "In pair production a photon creates a particle and a corresponding antiparticle and vanishes in the process"

submitted by /u/tryM3B1tch
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How Responsible is the Decay of Radioactive Elements for the Brightness of a Supernova?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 03:02 PM PDT

It always seemed really clear that supernovas were bright because they were so hot and energetic, (releasing as they do more power in a few minutes as the sun will in its whole life.)

However, I recently read (in "The Magic Furnace" by Marcus Chown) that this might not be the whole story. In the 1930s, a supernova in Galaxy IC4812 was observed whose brightness cut in half every 55 days, similar to the pattern of a radioactive element with a half-life of 55 days. This led Geoffrey Burbidge to suggest that the fade of this supernovas brightness was due to the presence of recently created californium-254 (which has a 60 day half-life) decaying in the expanding shell of shock-wave.

(This was apparently later corrected and while the general idea is claimed to be correct, now scientists believe that the decaying light owes more to radioactive nickel-56 (half life of 6 days) and cobalt-56 (half life of 77 days) created during the supernova mimicking a single isotope with a half life of 60 days.)

My question is, how much of a supernova's brightness comes from traditional, 'I'd expect this from a giant explosion' sources, like heat from compression, friction, etc, and how much comes from this radioactive decay?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/HenriettaLeaveIt
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If the moon is tidally locked to Earth, how are there craters on the side facing Earth?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:51 PM PDT

The Voyager pulsar map not only marks where the Earth is located, but when the Voyager probe was launched. How did we calculate this?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 09:01 AM PDT

Pulsars make fantastic beacons because they are incredibly reliable on their pulse timing and because they can be markers not only for where in the universe something is but also when it was there. The Voyager pulsar map shows where Earth was located when the probe was launched, but how did we calculate this?

I would assume that at the time you could easily look at where the Earth is in relation to the pulsars at that moment* and just use that, but what if I wanted to make a map like that for a time long ago or long in the future?

*Did the designers of the map actually have to do more calculations than I'm postulating because the time delay in light travel skewing the relational positions? Or did they just wing it and say "that's where we see the pulsars are in relation to us factoring in delayed light, the aliens can figure that out"?

Disclosure: while I am actually very interested in hearing the answer to this, I have to admit I also have the selfish intentions of getting a Voyager pulsar map tattoo that shows where the Earth was in both time and space on my birthday.

submitted by /u/lemcott
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When the James Web telescope is launched, how much greater detail of other galaxies, or other stars should we expect to see?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 11:15 AM PDT

How big does a meteor need to become a meteorite?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT

So my question is this, how big does a meteor need to be to be able to survive the transfer from outer space through our atmosphere and impact earth to the point its of notable size like the Gibeon landfall? I understand the make up of said meteor would make a difference in its resistance to breaking down as it burns through the atmosphere.

submitted by /u/Subliminal_Image
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What is the process through which charged particles deform magnetic fields?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 06:50 PM PDT

I understand that the solar wind will deformed and break the Earth's magnetic field lines. I was wondering what the process is that causes this. I would also like to know what exactly the field lines are.

submitted by /u/Sawe871
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Why does copper sulphate crystallize in a parallelogram-like shape?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 09:26 AM PDT

Why do worms go on top of concrete when it rains?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 07:35 AM PDT

How and why does the brain reuptake serotonin?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:45 PM PDT

Information in Regards to the Pāli Language?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:34 PM PDT

Hello members of Askscience! I have a few questions about the ancient Pāli Language that I just can't seem to find any good resources which touch on them. I understand very little about this language. I know as much that it's the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism, but I do not know much about it in terms of historical relevance and Linguistics. I am looking for any information regarding the Pāli Language but most specifically:

  • What people groups or civilizations used the Pāli language? Either as their mother tongue or a lingua franca.
  • How many speakers do we estimate spoke this language at its height?
  • Why did it die off as a spoken language?
  • What is the closest modern language that we can see influences in?
  • What linguistic features or rules of this language make it unique? E.G. Arabic (and other languages) utilize an Abjad writing system.

Any information regarding the Pāli Language is greatly appreciated, but it might be easier to compare it to other ancient languages of the time. I imagine Sanskrit and Pāli share many features and vocabulary, but this could be a sign of my lack of knowledge.

submitted by /u/grumpygator123
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Is there any singularity-free gravitational soliton? That is, is there an asymptotically (but not thoroughly) flat, static, nonsingular vacuum solution of General Relativity?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:10 PM PDT

I've heard that if you replace "static" with "spherically symmetric" in the above question and ignore "singularity-free", then by Birkhoff's theorem the only such spacetime is Schwarzschild. I wonder is there a similar theorem/result that says the following: "the only static, asymptotically flat, (non-coordinate-)singularity-free metric is Minkowski flat space"?

submitted by /u/Laroel
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Does water dry quicker depending on temperature?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 05:17 PM PDT

For example say I spilt hot water on a jumper and cold water on another jumper which one would dry faster? Would it be the cold water one because the hot water needs to cool down first? Sorry if this sounds really dumb. I have no idea what science this is- psychics maybe?

submitted by /u/libeikka
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What is the difference between BDNF & NGF?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 11:14 AM PDT

Friday, April 12, 2019

What makes permanent and non-permanent markers different on a chemical level?

What makes permanent and non-permanent markers different on a chemical level?


What makes permanent and non-permanent markers different on a chemical level?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 03:24 PM PDT

Can a moon have a moon? What limits the "levels" of satellite that can exist in a stable solar system?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:02 AM PDT

Are the nearby airplanes cleared of the sky when launching Falcon Heavy? I was checking Flightradar24 when launch occurred and didn't see any difference. Also, 3 boosters landed back successfully. I assume the sky has to be clear of airplanes to avoid any potential collision?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 06:27 AM PDT

Why are some roads made from concrete/cement rather than asphalt? What determines whether it should be one or the other? Why do a lot of the cement roads have grooves in them?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 02:47 PM PDT

What is the significance of the third law of thermodynamics?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 04:45 AM PDT

I found on the internet that the third law is defined as: "The entropy of a perfect crystal is zero when the temperature of the crystal is equal to absolute zero". I know very little about physics, so if somebody could explain, in layman terms, what this means and why it is significant that would be great.

submitted by /u/YaBoiJeff8
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Do ants have sleep/wake cycles?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 12:17 AM PDT

Do ants have sleep/wake cycles? If so, how do they compare to human sleep cycles? Do they have various stages like we do?

submitted by /u/Howyadoing129
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How fast do materials cool off in space? What's the most significant process that cools them?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 01:04 AM PDT

I know the answer is "it depends", but I'm still curious about specific examples like what drives water to cool and how fast does it happen? Or, what causes living things to cool in space in space and how fast does that happen? Im sure you get the gist.

submitted by /u/overtheridge
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Why are focal seizures more likely to start in the temporal lobe than in other lobes?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 07:06 AM PDT

How CRT TV controls the beams so quickly back in the old days?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 03:02 AM PDT

Unlike LED where each pixel has a light source, a CRT relies on just 1 set of cathode ray tube (for color tvs that has 3 color beams). I understand the control of the beam directions done by a set of magnetic coils, however even for very old B&W TV's, it would still require not just precision but super human speed to point the light at the correct spots. To do so with a modern circuit would be easy, but how did they achieve such speed & accuracy back then when even electronic calculators did not exist?

also any reason no manufacturer tried to use more sets of cathode ray for higher resolution and faster refresh rate?

submitted by /u/burningbun
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Is it possible to simultaneously get an extra chromosome from one parent and miss out on that chromosome from the other? If so, would the resulting child have any defects?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 01:49 PM PDT

To clarify, the end result would be both chromosomes coming from the same parent.

submitted by /u/LadonLegend
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Are facial expressions genetic or are they “learned” by social cues?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 07:52 PM PDT

For example, do humans instinctively know how to facially express disgust at birth/without external influences or do they learn the expression by watching others?

submitted by /u/mrmanmanmanmanbob
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When I delete a gigabyte of music from my phone, what happens to that information?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 08:52 PM PDT

If hot air rises, why are high mountains so cold?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 04:32 PM PDT

I just have been wondering, if warm air rises, why are mountains cold? Shouldn't all the warm air be up there? Yet, some mountains have snow at the tops, even in summer. Can anyone explain this to me?

submitted by /u/TheOne1ThatGotAway
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Why is M-Theory incompatible with the E-8 lattice?

Posted: 12 Apr 2019 01:09 AM PDT

As far as I understand M-Theory, it's the best existing extrapolation of String Theory, bringing together all other exclusive string theories. I recently heard about the E-8 lattice and find it to be an elegant solution to the question of everything, but it surprises me that it's considered completely incomparable with string theory. Is it just the maths, or is there something more fundamentally incompatible between the two theories of everything?

edit: sp

submitted by /u/ZeF_TyM
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How can we take pictures of the sun?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 02:18 PM PDT

Looking at the sun causes retina damage, and you can start a fire with a magnifying glass. How can we use lenses that focus light to take a picture onto film without it burning the film or damaging the camera?

submitted by /u/mossotti58
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What do the words "measurment" or "observation" mean in the context of quantum physics?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 09:23 AM PDT

More specifically, what do they mean in the context of the uncertainty principle, double slit experiment, or entangled particles?

submitted by /u/Heptagonalhippo
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How far back in time could you go before natural wonders such as Uluru or the Grand Canyon are unrecognizable? Are there any examples of natural features which have developed over the span of human history?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 11:42 AM PDT

What exactly are the cores In processors and how are they made?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 06:14 PM PDT

I'm a computer geek but have never really seen anything about computer cores besides what they do and etc. I'm really curious as to what the really are and how they are made. Also if you would kindly why can't the process of making them get any smaller such as 7nm etc.

submitted by /u/jakerb2028
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Are some languages more difficult for people with dyslexia?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 11:51 PM PDT

I don't have dyslexia. But I know it is something like seeing letters not as we see them, or at least mixing them up. Now I was wondering if it's more difficult in other writings, for example Asian languages or Arabic? Because for me those characters seem more complex than our alphabet. For example, is Chinese as a native language also more difficult for Chinese speaking people with dyslexia?

submitted by /u/KristofDSa
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What happens to the blood vessels going to the hand if you lose the hand?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 01:08 PM PDT

If your hand is removed, there should still be blood vessels in the wrist that used to go into the hand. Do they stay there and you just have dead ends to your blood vessels after your stump heals, does your body "shut down" those vessels, do they get redirected, or am I completely off base?

submitted by /u/wildrose4everrr
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Why did we have to send a probe to Pluto to get a photo of it?

Posted: 11 Apr 2019 04:09 PM PDT

So this week scientists released a photo of a black hole in a whole other galaxy. What I want to know is why do we have all these fancy telescopes that can photograph objects in galaxies so far away yet if we want to get a photo of a planet in our own solar system we have to send a satellite/probe to do it?

submitted by /u/MurgaReddit
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