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Sunday, March 17, 2019

Why are marine mammals able to keep their eyes open under water without the salt burning their eyes?

Why are marine mammals able to keep their eyes open under water without the salt burning their eyes?

Why are marine mammals able to keep their eyes open under water without the salt burning their eyes?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 01:52 PM PDT

ITT: people saying "my eyes don't burn in sea water"

submitted by /u/magcargoman
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When you feel "full" or "satisfied" after a meal, is this due to the quantity of food eaten or the energy/nutritional value the meal gave?

Posted: 17 Mar 2019 06:02 AM PDT

For example can I eat a few energy bars and feel as satisfied as I would be with a larger meal with lower nutritional value?

submitted by /u/Big_Sem
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If the strong nuclear force only acts at an extremely close range, what's preventing the electromagnetic force from repelling everything away from us?

Posted: 17 Mar 2019 03:30 AM PDT

Might not understand enough on this but what I know so far, is that until you manage to move a particle fast enough to breach the energy barrier, the electro-magnetic force will be greater than the strong nuclear force. If this is the case, than how aren't most things (if not everything) being repelled from myself and like fly away or something?

submitted by /u/BlobOvFat
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Are genes from Mom/Dad just a coin flip at every "zip" of the DNA sequence? How far away can we deviate from 50/50?

Posted: 17 Mar 2019 04:12 AM PDT

People often say we are "50% of Mom, 50% of Dad", wouldn't we actually be some amount above/below, like maybe I'm 45/55 and my sister would be 57/43, my brother maybe 49/51, etc? I assume there is some point like 30/70 which cannot be achieved, do we know of such a point existing (are we all a minimum of 40% one parent, or 35%, etc)?

submitted by /u/JOHANSENATOR
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Question from my daughters; If I were to travel back in time could I survive in the same atmosphere as the dinosaurs and find nutritious foods that wouldn't kill me (could I consume a dinosaur)?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 08:38 PM PDT

I'm assuming that the air may be a bit different in oxygen to nitrogen levels. And when I was asked if we could find food...I didn't have a good answer.

submitted by /u/High_PlainsDrifter
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Can spiders use the web of other spider species?

Posted: 17 Mar 2019 06:02 AM PDT

How long can a human being go without eating?

Posted: 17 Mar 2019 04:06 AM PDT

How tall could a wave potentially be? Given the correct circumstances, how tall could a wave become or is their a plateau?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 04:05 PM PDT

If a satellite is in a polar low earth orbit is it still protected from radiation by the van Allen belts?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 04:51 PM PDT

How detrimental to today's technological society if the poles flipped again?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 05:15 PM PDT

Do electrons in an atom have velocity?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 04:33 PM PDT

From what I've read online about this subject, it's clear that electron in its ground state doesn't really move inside an atom in a classical sense, but rather oscillates as a standing wave. However, I've also seen calculations that measure the speed of electron to be approximately 1/137 times the speed of light or 2200 km/s for Hydrogen atom (Z/137 for other elements, where Z is atomic number). I find these two notions to be contradictory and fail to understand what does the derived speed really pertain to.

submitted by /u/Marooned-Mind
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Do artificial light sources not intended for growing plants effect the growth or bloom cycle of plants (street lights, table lamps, etc)?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 02:57 PM PDT

Was wondering because you always see plants that seem to be eternally in some kind of light, such as street lights, light up signs, or even headlights. Do these light sources have any effect on the growth of plants, which rely on the cycle of the sun to determine their growth and bloom cycle?

submitted by /u/itsLinks
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I learned that dolphins can see well both under water as well as above the water. How does this work optically? With human eyes we’d need either swimming goggles or eyeglasses.

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 08:51 PM PDT

During blood transfusion, does all of the blood get “replaced”. If yes, what happens if it doesn’t?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 04:50 PM PDT

Do horses really absolutely hate the smell of camels?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 09:44 AM PDT

Herodotus reports (I,80) that Cyrus used camel riders to destroy the Lydian empire because horses hated their smell and the Lydian knights were forced to dismount. Can we trust him on that one?

submitted by /u/tanktango
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How can emotional stress after receiving bad news cause a heart attack?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 03:22 PM PDT

How do elevators make emergency calls?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 02:07 PM PDT

Every elevator has an emergency button that connects you to someone to talk to.

How is the connection enabled?
Are they connected to the telephone line of a building?
Do they have an integrated SIM card?
Who pays for the connection?
Who is responsible to maintain a working connection?

submitted by /u/BennettDams
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How do we detect quasars, and how are they differentiated from stars?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 04:29 PM PDT

Do the solar panels move continuously to track the sun as the ISS moves? Or, do they set the Solar panel at an optimal position for the movement as they pass through the arc of travel? Or, do they adjust them in steps every few minutes?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 11:21 AM PDT

Shouldn't there be Quark stars?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 02:08 PM PDT

Since the implosion of the massive stars generally moves down the scale of atomic and subatomic particles, shouldn't there be Quark stars somewhere after the stage of neutron stars?

Since we know a little bit about Quarks could we calculate what such a star might be, how it would look, some of the possible effects it would have on its surroundings? And could we theoretically predict what kind of gravity pressures Quark stars may withstand? Or even what kind of gravity fields it could create?

Seems a bit strange that stars go Supernovae then into neutron stars - and then straight into black holes. Jumping over the hypothetical quark star stage.

Did anyone explore this possibility or is the answer - we basically dont know?

submitted by /u/SurfaceReflection
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Were the sun and earth formed from the same star?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 08:19 PM PDT

How is ethanol fuel so much cheaper than grain alcohol?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 11:52 AM PDT

With E85 at $2/gal, and E15 at $2.33/gal, the pure Ethanol is about $1.90/gal for pure (meaning no water) Ethanol.

Grain alcohol with 95% purity (5% water) is $18.67 per liter from shopping online. Even assuming it was pure ethanol (again meaning no water) that would be $87.06/gal.

And with my understanding of distillation, getting anything above 96% ethanol:water requires additional processing due to the azeotrope (which I'm guessing is why grain alcohol stops at 190 proof).

How is grain alcohol over 40x more expensive than ethanol fuel? I understand there is filtering for taste, individual bottling, human consumption requirements and alcohol taxes, as well as subsidies for ethanol as fuel, but do these really combine to such a huge price difference?

submitted by /u/Medium-Radio
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Saturday, March 16, 2019

Does the temperature of water affect its ability to put out a fire?

Does the temperature of water affect its ability to put out a fire?

Does the temperature of water affect its ability to put out a fire?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 07:43 PM PDT

If the liver can regrow from a piece in 30 days, then why isn't liver scarring treated by removing a bit and letting it regrow?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 08:23 PM PDT

How do we program computers to find the digits of Pi if we don’t know what they are?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 08:55 PM PDT

How are the digits of PI actually calculated?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 09:22 AM PDT

How do we know that what we've calculated is correct? This Wikipedia page states that so-and-so of years past has calculated X digits of PI, but only Y are correct.

Is there a formula for calculating the digits of PI? If so, is it something I can sit down and do on paper?

This is the Wikipedia article I'm referencing above: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

submitted by /u/Hre0
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Does sleep hygiene improve sleep quality? If yes, what would be the most important aspects?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 10:39 AM PDT

How do zygotes gain totipotency?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 07:13 AM PDT

So a zygote forms from the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm, which are both specialized cells. What's happening on a molecular level that allows two specialized cells to fuse and become a totipotent cell?

submitted by /u/aelin_farseer
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Why is 'Candida Albicans' commonly referred to as a yeast infection, even though it is dimorphic?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 09:35 PM PDT

Hi, I was in class the other day and the topic of Candida Albicans popped up. To my knowledge, it is a dimorphic fungi that causes what is referred to as 'yeast infection'. However, since it is dimorphic (i.e. containing hyphae), the name 'yeast infection' implies that the infection is strictly yeast (where moulds are the one consisting of hyphae). What is the reason for this, and does the fact it is dimorphic render the term yeast infection slightly inaccurate? Thanks for the help!

submitted by /u/Raaayyyzzz
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What is the nature of electrons when inside an atom?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 11:48 PM PDT

I learned in highschool that the planetary model of the atom was incorrect and instead electrons occupy cloud-like orbitals around the nucleus. Whenever when this was taught to me, my teachers specified that the electron was a point-like particle whizzing around in the orbitals in a wave motion at such a fast speed that it appeared as a cloud. They said the cloud as a probabilistic "heat map" of where the point-like electron would be at any given moment in time; in fact one teacher even said that, while extremely unlikely, an electron could be on the other side of the universe at any given time but 99.99% of the time it'll be found somewhere in the cloud.

I think I have been horribly misled about how electrons act inside an atom. Sources like this outright state that the orbital is the electron and I've found a few other places that say this as well. It's not entirely surprising that a scientific fact is being misunderstood; recently I found out that many of my physics teachers who told me that objects with mass couldn't reach the speed of light because their mass would increase towards infinity were actually incorrect. However I keep finding information that says exactly what my teachers were saying, even the wiki for atomic orbitals describes it in a similar fashion. So what is the true nature of electrons inside an atom?

submitted by /u/uncomprehensivelove
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How does electricity from a specific power provider get to me, when other power companies use the same power lines leading up to my house?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 11:01 AM PDT

So for instance, I used to live in an apartment complex where you had to choose and separately pay for your own electricity provider. So for my apartment, I chose electricity provider G, but other apartments around me chose a number of other energy providers, T, C, and Q. All the electricity came to the apartment complex via the same power lines leading in, so how can anyone actually know that the electricity I paid for, going into my apartment, actually came from a power plant from provider G? Because my understanding is that electricity in power lines is pretty much the same no matter if it's generated from a dam, a coal plant, a nuclear plant, or a wind farm, so how is it differentiated, if at all?

submitted by /u/Gunner2893
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Was Pangea the only true supercontinent?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 06:17 PM PDT

So I know that there were other supercontinents throughout history, but from what I read and understood it was the only continent that contained ALL of Earth's land mass.

Is this correct? Or do one of the others get that award?

submitted by /u/King_Arius
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Does fusion reactions occur in every stars, or only in specific stars?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 10:53 PM PDT

With identical triplets, does the egg split, then one of the two eggs split again? If so, is it possible to know which of the two babies are from the second split?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 07:46 AM PDT

Can disinfectant really expire? If so - how?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 03:01 AM PDT

What is dust made up of?

Posted: 16 Mar 2019 02:22 AM PDT

Is there a correlation between the complexity of an organism and the genetic diversity of its species?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 10:53 AM PDT

What sorts of species have very low genetic diversity? High? How do humans compare relative to the rest of life on Earth?

submitted by /u/ilikepugs
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Does salty water have a triple point at a lower pressure than fresh water?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 08:19 PM PDT

Does a child grow continuously or just during specific times, e.g. sleeping?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 05:59 AM PDT

Why does the body use RNA?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 06:48 AM PDT

When DNA is translated why is RNA used it seems like it would be easier to just use a copy of DNA and not have to have both "T" and "U" and only have to worry about having "T". Or am I missing some important reason as to why RNA is a better option to use? So instead you would have mDNA and tDNA and rDNA instead of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

I apologise if this is super obvious I'm somewhat new to biology.

submitted by /u/SuperBus20
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There is pressure coming from em-radiation. Is there something similar for gravitational waves?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 11:10 AM PDT

Photons can transfer momentum on charged particles, so defining a radiation pressure makes sense to me.

I assume that gravitational waves only differ from em-radiation in the way they interact with particles. Also, general relativity exists only as a classical theory, so I think there is no known way to describe something like a "graviton", i. e. a quantum particle that relates to gravitation as an interaction. Anyway, do we have the tools to describe an exchange of momentum between gravitational waves and massive particles?

submitted by /u/Eichberg
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Friday, March 15, 2019

How does the International Space Station regulate its temperature?

How does the International Space Station regulate its temperature?

How does the International Space Station regulate its temperature?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 10:40 PM PDT

If there were one or two people on the ISS, their bodies would generate a lot of heat. Given that the ISS is surrounded by a (near) vacuum, how does it get rid of this heat so that the temperature on the ISS is comfortable?

submitted by /u/zx7
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How do we know that the universe is ~13.7 billion years?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 09:48 PM PDT

I know the universe is 13.7 billion years, but how do we know so? Is it just the fact that light from 13.7 billion light years is the farthest we can see or other reasons?

submitted by /u/ItzNight53
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Why do we lose consciousness?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 10:00 PM PDT

Why do we lose consciousness? I was thinking about this recently. We can get knocked out from a number of different things — lack of oxygen to the brain, head trauma, fainting (for example, at the sight of blood).

These are all very different causes, so what's the common link between them that creates the same symptom? I know that there probably tons of different ways to be unconscious, and that a blow to the head knocks us out differently from anoxia, but what is it in how the brain is wired that makes consciousness the first thing that always shuts down when something happens to the brain?

I know that some children will hold their breath until they pass out and start breathing again. Would it be correct to say that in some cases, losing consciousness can act as a sort of circuit breaker in your brain? If so, what about other times?

submitted by /u/Waldinian
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Is it possible for a rocky planet to be the size of, say, Jupiter, or is there a maximum size limit for rocky planets?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 04:33 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: I am Fabien Cousteau, an Aquanaut, Oceanographic Explorer, Environmental Advocate, Documentary Filmmaker, Founder of the Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, and Grandson of Jacques Cousteau. Ask me anything!

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 04:00 AM PDT

As the first grandson of Jacques-Yves Cousteau, I spent my early years aboard my grandfather's famous ships, Calypso and Alcyone; learning how to scuba dive on my fourth birthday.

I am known for my study of sharks and from 2000-2002, I was an Explorer-at-Large for National Geographic and collaborated on a TV special aimed at changing public conceptions about sharks called, "Attack of the Mystery Shark". Then in 2003-2006, I produced the documentary, "Mind of a Demon", that aired on CBS. With the help of a large crew, I created a 14-foot, 1,200-pound, lifelike shark submarine called "Troy" that allowed me to immerse myself inside the shark world, providing viewers with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures. This also led to the inspiration behind my new book, GREAT WHITE SHARK ADVENTURE.

For the next four years (2006-2010), I was part of a multi-hour series for PBS called, "Ocean Adventures" with my father, Jean-Michel Cousteau, and sister, Celine. This was inspired by my grandfather's famous 1978 PBS series, "The Cousteau Odyssey".

In the following years, and as a member of multiple cause-driven and charitable boards I have been working with local communities and children worldwide to help restore local water ecosystems.

In June 2014, my team of aquanauts embarked on Mission 31, the longest science expedition to take place at Aquarius, the world's only underwater marine laboratory located in Florida. Mission 31 broke new ground in ocean exploration and honored the 50th anniversary of his grandfather's original underwater living experiment (Conshelf Two) by going deeper, longer and further, while broadcasting each moment live on multiple channels exposing the world to the adventure, drama and mystique of what lies beneath.

Early in 2016 I founded the Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning ("OLC") to fulfill my dream of creating a vehicle to make a positive change in the world.

Last week, the first book in my new graphic novel series, GREAT WHITE SHARK ADVENTURE, came out from the Margaret K. McElderry Books, an imprint of Simon and Schuster Children's Publishing. You can learn more about me at my website, on Twitter, or on Facebook.

I will be on about 2pm (ET, 18 UT), ask me anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why does drinking methanol (CH3OH) cause blindness while drinking ethanol (CH3CH2OH) doesn't?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 03:31 AM PDT

Even though the difference between the two is only one carbon.

submitted by /u/majoody35
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How does a "direct collapse black hole" form without going through a star or supernova phase?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 09:26 PM PDT

How does one die of old age?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 04:36 AM PDT

Happy Pi Day everyone!

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 09:46 AM PDT

Today is 3/14/19, a bit of a rounded-up Pi Day! Grab a slice of your favorite Pi Day dessert and come celebrate with us.

Our experts are here to answer your questions all about pi. Check out some past pi day threads. Check out the comments below for more and to ask follow-up questions!

From all of us at /r/AskScience, have a very happy Pi Day!

And don't forget to wish a happy birthday to Albert Einstein!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why Chemotherapy doesn't work when the cancer is in stage 4/metastasized?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 03:52 AM PDT

[Biology] Are there many non-social co-operative predators?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 05:03 AM PDT

I was watching a documentary on komodo dragons and while they seem to be mostly solitary their hunting strategy seems to be fundamentally co-operative. When an animal dies from a komodo bite it attracts other komodo dragons the meal is shared. Is this common in nature?

submitted by /u/borkula
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Can you contract multiple strains of the flu at one time?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 04:44 AM PDT

The sun appears to move faster during sunrise or sunset. Why?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 09:43 PM PDT

What is the purpose of the salt in many anaesthetics?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 10:39 PM PDT

I am not certain I used the right words and phrasing in the title, but I wondered what the purpose of the salt in many anaesthetics is e.g. morphine sulfate and ketamine hydrochloride, why not just morphine or ketamine? Am I missing something very basic here? I tried googling it but I couldn't really find an answer.

Thanks in advance for any help.

submitted by /u/MrCookieFrog
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Does anyone know what this diseas is called?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 06:07 AM PDT

I remember it causes people to involuntarily do things to hurt themselves and others they don't want to and urine often crystallizes with it, it's a genetic disorder with the brain.

submitted by /u/WaluigisBulge
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Is there a difference between divergent evolution and cladogenesis? Or is cladogenesis an example of divergent evolution?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 11:13 PM PDT

Pi is not a random number. Yet, when you look at a tabulation of 0-9 frequencies, they eventually even out to resemble a random data set. Why is this?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 06:26 PM PDT

Do lots of other constants do this? How many have enough digits, let alone presumably infinite, to achieve that kind of even 0-9 distribution? Thanks.

submitted by /u/prometheanbane
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Do our ears have any added protection from loud noises we ourselves vocalize, like screams, or high pitched singing? Example: would Opera Singers and horror film actresses have a higher rate of hearing loss at the pitches they sing/scream?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 08:40 PM PDT

What are the mechanics behind Armor piercing tank shells?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 09:53 PM PDT

As well as APHE (armor piercing high explosive) and API (armor piercing incendiary) how do they function and how do they function effectively?

submitted by /u/Dank0Tank
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Does violation of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics allow for the possibility of time travel?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 03:31 AM PDT

My understanding is that this law dictates that arrow of time can only flow one way (into the future - toward increasing entropy) limiting any travel back to a previous event.

If a study could show that this law could be violated would this allow the possibility of time travel (obviously excluding the practical problems it would entail)?

submitted by /u/GeraldUltair
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Is all cellular damage ultimately just genetic damage?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 10:22 PM PDT

For example, a person gets hit in the head and gets a concussion which results in damage to their brain cells. Does this "damage" to their brain cells basically boil down to the fact that the genes in the cell can't do their job, replicate, etc. anymore?

If so, does this mean that all cellular damage is ultimate just genetic damage? Or, am I missing something?

Cheers.

submitted by /u/JettisonedJetsam
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are there any tree species that have both deciduous and coniferous in the family?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 03:49 PM PDT

been trying to find a tree species that is both coniferous and deciduous?

like how a white oak has smooth broad leafs that they lose in the fall and a pine tree is needle like that remain on the tree all year

are there any tree species's that have both types of tree types

been trying to find a tree species that can have both types

submitted by /u/hovegeta
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why is it easier to balance a spinning ball on your finger than one standing still? and in general, does this role apply to any shape?

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 01:06 AM PDT

for example - would it be easier to balance a spinning car on a pole or balancing it while standing still?

submitted by /u/sagsag2150
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How do neurons do math, (like adding, subtracting)?

Posted: 14 Mar 2019 02:08 PM PDT

From my understanding, neurons are just wires that carry a signal, and have no means of computation like the logic gates in computers. How do they do it?

submitted by /u/Thedupdup
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