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Monday, March 11, 2019

The human population is at 7.7 billion. Has any other mammal ever reached that population level?

The human population is at 7.7 billion. Has any other mammal ever reached that population level?


The human population is at 7.7 billion. Has any other mammal ever reached that population level?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 01:28 PM PDT

How does your finger "remember" its finger print?

Posted: 11 Mar 2019 01:36 AM PDT

So we all know that a person's fingerprint cannot change naturally. So how does it still produce the same print after the skin is torn? Would the same thing happen if it's burnt?

submitted by /u/Righart
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How do Gyroscopes in electronic devices work?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 08:33 PM PDT

I've been trying to wrap my mind around how these things work, after playing on a switch for the first time and seeing that the gyro not only detects rotations and flips but also when you turn. So if I sit in a swivel chair and hold the switch in front of me it will detect the full spin of the chair.

I can't wrap my head around how it does this. My first theory was some kind of gyro with a compass to show which way you are facing, but even fast movements are precise, where a compass would wobble a bit.

How exactly are these things detecting full range of motion?

submitted by /u/DocumentaryAndChill
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Why doesn't a pregnant womans immmune system attack the baby?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 10:10 PM PDT

Why doesn't a pregnant womans immune system attack the baby? Because it is kind of a foreign object in the body since it's different dna?

submitted by /u/wabahoo_on_you
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Why is memory sometimes lost after trauma?

Posted: 11 Mar 2019 01:33 AM PDT

Why is it that in most cases you hear of, it's usually short term or long term memory that is affected or lost after experiencing some kind of head trauma? Why is remembering how to talk or involuntary function rarely affected?

submitted by /u/robbie8six
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Why are Neanderthals classified as a different species from Homo Sapiens?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 09:53 PM PDT

If they can mate and form viable genetic offspring, what makes them a separate species? Please feel free to apply this same line of logic to all the other separate species that can mate and form viable offspring.

submitted by /u/SketchyFella_
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Are there any known computational systems stronger than a Turing Machine, without the use of oracles (i.e. possible to build in the real world)? If not, do we know definitively whether such a thing is possible or impossible?

Posted: 11 Mar 2019 08:27 AM PDT

For example, a machine that can solve NP-hard problems in P time.

submitted by /u/heyheyhey27
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How are new alloys discovered?

Posted: 11 Mar 2019 01:40 AM PDT

Some alloys have very a long list of very specific amounts of constituents.

For example, Eglin steel is defined as having:
- Iron (84.463–90%)
- Carbon (0.16–0.35%)
- Manganese (0.85%)
- Silicon (max. 1.25%)
- Chromium (max. 1.50–3.25%)
- Molybdenum (max. 0.55%)
- Nickel (5.00%)
- Tungsten (0.70–3.25%)
- Vanadium (0.05–0.3%)
- Copper (0.50%)
- Phosphorus (impurity, max. 0.015%)
- Sulfur (impurity, max. 0.012%)
- Calcium (max. 0.02%)
- Nitrogen (impurity, max. 0.14%)
- Aluminium (max. 0.05%)

How do you end up with these exact quantities of elements? Is it by trial-and-error? Or is there some theoretical basis for mixing the ingredients? Can you predict the material's properties from based on the composition?

submitted by /u/IndependentGuy
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Why is the sky not violet?

Posted: 11 Mar 2019 02:39 AM PDT

Violet has the least wavelength so according to Rayleigh's Law, it would be scattered the most and should be the colour we see the sky as. Why is this not the case?

submitted by /u/notobscurereference
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Is a jellyfish able to sting itself, and if it does what happens?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 07:23 PM PDT

Rutherford scattering and positively charged nucleus?

Posted: 11 Mar 2019 04:07 AM PDT

Hi all, how did Rutherford arrive at the conclusion that the nucleus of the gold foil was positively charged.

The Rutherford scattering cross section formula is symmetric in charge. Which means both positively and negative charged nucleus could have gave him the same experimental results.

For those skeptical, his 1911 paper only concludes that the small dense nucleus has either a very large positive charge or very large negative charge.

TLDR What evidence helped Rutherford conclude that the nucleus was positively charged?

submitted by /u/StepHawking
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Has any virus or bacteria in humans ever mutated within us to then become a serious illness elsewhere in the animal kingdom?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 04:50 PM PDT

Why is Hagfish in the subphylum Vertebrata despite having no vertebra/arculia?

Posted: 11 Mar 2019 12:41 AM PDT

During the Fukushima nuclear plant meltdown water was split into hydrogen and oxygen which subsequently exploded. How does this work and how did a supply of gas accumulate without simply burning immediately?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 06:01 PM PDT

Why does a pot of water or tea pot make the most noise right before the water reaches boiling?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 04:20 PM PDT

Then it seems to get quieter once it reaches a rolling boil.

submitted by /u/senrnariz
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Do Chloramines in tap water negatively affect human gut microbiome?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 07:31 PM PDT

Basically the title. I've heard different things about how important the human gut microbiome is to health, and since chlorine and chloramines are typically used to sterilize tap water would it do the same to the human microbiome?

submitted by /u/ramdangeriii
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Does marking a "deep end" of a pool have any effect on rates of drowning or injury?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 08:26 PM PDT

Most pools I've been to that are deeper than 5 feet delineate between a "shallow end" and the "deep end." The shallow end is normally marked as "no diving," though exceptions are made for swim meets. Is there any evidence that separating the pool into these two sections makes the pool safer to swim in?

submitted by /u/potator
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How did angular momentum come from a singularity?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 10:20 PM PDT

We know that the early universe was not "homogeneous" because of the cosmic background radiation, but the singularity would have been initially homogeneous by definition. Wouldn't this singularity have to had expanded unevenly for the occurrence of varied forces that cause transnational and rotational motion?

submitted by /u/SleepyHobo
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Does Magnesium and water result in no reaction?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 08:27 PM PDT

Mg + H2O = NR?

-OR-

Mg + 2 H2O = H2 + Mg(OH)2 ?

I see some sites showing it does result in magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen. But it isn't on the list of metals that react with water. Can anyone clarify this?

submitted by /u/ihugtrees91
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Spacetime isn't like a trapeze net at all is it?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 09:00 PM PDT

I understand the common descriptives of comparing spacetime to a trapeze net. While it did help at first to wrap my brain around it all, I cannot help but feel like it skips some dimension(s). Is there a better of an exanple anyone knows of that is a bit closer to what spacetime would appear as? 🖖

submitted by /u/Dumble-
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Is it true that you can theoretically make glass out of anything if you cool it fast enough?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 08:06 PM PDT

I took a class in materials science and the professor said this on multiple occasions, and I believe that I understand it, but I'd like to verify it before it becomes my go-to fun fact.

submitted by /u/UbiquitousSham
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How would orbital bombardment affect the weather?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 07:43 PM PDT

Trying to write a bit of SF and I'm curious about the meteorological effects of orbitally bombarding an earthlike planet. This comment from AskHistorians about the environmental impacts of WWII is about all the information I have. However, it's concerned with strategic bombing, not orbital bombardment, and it is somewhat vague on the practical consequences of the ionosphere diminishing.

Specifically, I am concerned with bombardment that is somewhat precise (Aimed for selected targets, not indiscriminate glassing) and sustained (More than a week long but less than a month per target area). I have two scenarios in mind: A) The attackers are using a mix of kinetics and conventional explosives for the bombardment B) The attackers are using projectiles that give off very high amounts heat energy, especially upon impact.

Thank you for your help!

submitted by /u/Commissar_Cactus
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How are primers made for PCR chosen?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 07:02 PM PDT

After DNA has been extracted, how does one know what sequence of nucleotides is complementary to the DNA? PCR is used to increase the amount of a specific part of the DNA so that the DNA can be sequenced, right? How do we know the sequence of that DNA well enough before PCR in order to make a primer for that segment of DNA?

submitted by /u/PebbleSea
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Did humans develop complex vocal chords as an accidental byproduct of evolving to have longer necks or did ancient humans slowly develop them by making enough sounds that more complex vocal chords were forced to be developed?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 01:36 PM PDT

Did humans just get really lucky to be social animals that accidentally developed complex vocal chords?

submitted by /u/Bathysmal10
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Sunday, March 10, 2019

Considering that the internet is a web of multiple systems, can there be a single event that completely brings it down?

Considering that the internet is a web of multiple systems, can there be a single event that completely brings it down?


Considering that the internet is a web of multiple systems, can there be a single event that completely brings it down?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 10:44 PM PST

Where (on Earth) is it believed that Theia collided with us according to the giant impact hypothesis?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 10:44 PM PST

We are on the way to growing human organs, is making human blood feasible in a lab?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 10:04 PM PST

If we could make blood in a lab, it wouldn't be potentially a carrier of disease from it's donor. Also, it would reduce the need for donors if we could just create it. If we are so close to creating organs that could be used for transplants, could we somehow also make different types of blood?

submitted by /u/i_am_mitz
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Why does the potential of a charged conductor decrease when a neutral conductor is brought near it?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 04:51 AM PDT

Would an object moving faster than light speed have any color?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 05:30 PM PST

Where and how can boron be obtained other than by refining on Earth?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 08:08 AM PDT

I'm working on a fairly hard science fiction story in which proton-boron fusion is the main source of power. I've been looking all over the 'net for extraplanetary sources of boron, but I haven't found anything useful.

Is there boron that could be mined from asteroids? Could it be manufactured in particle accelerators? Are there other viable sources?

submitted by /u/stygianelectro
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Why is the binding energy of deuterium different to the energy released when it forms in the PP1 chain?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 05:11 AM PDT

In the PP1 Chain when 2 protons fuse to make deuterium the energy released is 0.4 MeV. The binding energy of deuterium however is 2.2 Mev. Why do these two values differ? I thought the energy released was the same as the mass defect and hence the binding energy?

What am i missing?

submitted by /u/tip-top-honky-konk
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How can acyl chlorides be so reactive and have a strong C=O bond?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 07:03 AM PDT

I'm really confused by the fact that in IR-spectroscopy acyl-chlorides have high wavenumbers for their C=O vibration, which means they have a strong C=O bond. Then why are they so reactive compared to other carbonyl derivates? Is the effect on the C=O bond overshadowed by the fact that f.e. chloride is a good leaving group? Are there any other reasons?

submitted by /u/Jelly_26
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Why do so many species have a rare chance of producing an albino “version”?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 10:33 PM PST

What I meant was why is it so common that so many different species are able to produce a rare albino version. Like do they all share a specific gene that changes?

submitted by /u/Jaza-124
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If a woman with PCOS has trouble getting pregnant, and, after a couple of years of trying, attempts IVF and it’s successful (i.e., it results in a successful pregnancy and birth), are her chances of conceiving in the future better now that her body has been through a successful pregnancy?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 05:24 AM PDT

What stops all animals continuing to grow larger once they reach adulthood?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 08:31 AM PDT

Plants and trees grow until their nutrient source is removed- so why doesn't this happen to humans and other animals?

submitted by /u/HUSHNOW96
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Outside current technology, is there a maximum physically possible download speed? If so, what is it?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 09:41 PM PST

Sort of like the speed of light. No matter how good our propulsion technology gets, we will never get anything to travel faster than light. Even all those dubious "realistic" possibilities like space-warping or wormholes are just workarounds, the actual object never traverses space faster than light.

Similarly, is there a maximum amount of information you can transmit per second, regardless of how good our computing technology gets?

submitted by /u/UnderPressureVS
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Does the effect of yelling and chanting change the biology of our vocal chord?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 03:23 AM PDT

How/Why do we 'get used' to smells after a while?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 06:59 AM PDT

On allergy medication packaging it says to store it between 15-20 degrees Celsius. What happens to it if it's stored below those temperatures? Above this temperatures?

Posted: 10 Mar 2019 05:32 AM PDT

I am wondering if it's still safe to consume. Long story short, I left my reactine in the car for a week when the weather outside was -15 c.

submitted by /u/soaringostrich
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Will vacuum decay happen? Is there strong evidence supporting its existence?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 09:31 PM PST

Is there anyway for the possibility of vacuum decay happening to be disproven? Going through a really bad existential crisis and need answers plz lol

submitted by /u/yelirae
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Is there a radiation risk standing next to an unexploded nuclear weapon?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 08:52 PM PST

How much radiation could someone detect next to an unexploded nuclear weapon?

also what type of radiation is it?

submitted by /u/chooseausername69251
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If a woman being 4 months prégnant with twins have one of them dead. Does the corpse of that twin keep growing? Is it possible to have the corpse out before term. Or if the corpse is there, does it affect the other fetus? Does it rotten?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 08:42 AM PST

How does the body know when to make blood and how does this blood get made?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 03:12 PM PST

Lets say you donate blood, you loose a substantial amount of blood. How does your body know to start making more blood and where does this blood come from? Also, how does the body know when it has enough blood?

submitted by /u/Cozybeard12
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How do astronomers know so much about distant exo planets such as their atmospheric composition?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 12:41 PM PST

Why is glass not crystalline?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 07:45 AM PST

My understanding of glass was that it was that its a noncrystaline solid. Which right off the bat is confusing because theres something called "crystal glass".

But in addition, I was looking at [wikipedia](&) about glass ceramics, which have both crystal and crystal aspects. In particular:

Glass-ceramics are mostly produced in two steps: First, a glass is formed by a glass-manufacturing process. The glass is cooled down and is then reheated in a second step. In this heat treatment the glass partly crystallizes. In most cases nucleation agents are added to the base composition of the glass-ceramic. These nucleation agents aid and control the crystallization process. Because there is usually no pressing and sintering, glass-ceramics have, unlike sintered ceramics, no pores.

So it sounds like if you melt down a bunch of stuff and mix it together, it will cool down and become glass. But then they heat it up again and cool it down again, and it becomes crystal. I dont get how that works. They mention "nucleation agents", but also say "in most cases", implying its not always required.

What exactly is a glass and what causes it to be that way?

submitted by /u/Bananawamajama
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How likely is it for the Western Interior Sea to resurface?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 04:03 PM PST

With the climate trending towards warming temperatures and the ice caps melting, what is the likely hood of the Western Interior Sea to refill the parts of the North American Continent it used to cover and what environmental consequences would that result in? Also if the Interior Sea were to refill for a lack of a better term, how long would that take assuming current trends continue?

submitted by /u/L3yline
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Saturday, March 9, 2019

Do birds, spiders, and bees learn how to build nests, webs, or hives or is it built in?

Do birds, spiders, and bees learn how to build nests, webs, or hives or is it built in?


Do birds, spiders, and bees learn how to build nests, webs, or hives or is it built in?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 03:49 PM PST

If it's built in, do humans have anything comparable?

submitted by /u/Phosamedo
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Does every man produce close to 50/50 X/Y sperm, or do some have a heavy bias?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 01:17 AM PST

Why are Basalt Columns Hexagonal?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 02:36 AM PST

I've learnt that they are made by cooling lava, but just assumed it was hexagonal due to a crystal structure of some kind. However, this article seems to say that they are formed hexagonal because that's the way lava cools. Could anyone explain why?

submitted by /u/kiwisflight
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Why is metal conductive but rubber isn't? What make something conductive

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 11:15 PM PST

Why is there a negative deviation of the Q wave in a QRS complex on lead 2 of an ECG?

Posted: 09 Mar 2019 01:33 AM PST

Was taught that the Q wave has a slight dip downwards as the electrical impulse travels through the septum of the heart. Idk how it's negative then since it's travelling towards the positive electrode.

submitted by /u/imbastion
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How is light and magnetism different in respect to different techniques to detect them?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 08:01 PM PST

I have a few questions and they seem to be all over the place from Physics to Biology. So some animals can detect magnetic fields, but light is an oscillating magnetic field, right? So does light interfere with magneto-reception, and vice versa? If no, why not? Why aren't my eyes affected by strong magnetic fields?

submitted by /u/AdorabeHummingbirb
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How does our brain store information?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 01:54 PM PST

I guess this may be a little unclear. I have been looking at the process of encoding memories. Each node (memory) is reached through an association (connection) to another node. Remember things involves traveling through connected nodes until finding an idea. The strength of each association is related to how frequently and how deeply the connection is made.

Right, so this is cool. I understand how memories "work," but how do we store the information as a node? In what form is it stored?

Similar to a computer, which stores information in bits, which can be compiled and be usable. How do we store and compile the information?

submitted by /u/CosmicJew
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How long does it take for the energy in the food we eat to be digested and turned into ATP in cells? As an aside, how long does it take for ATP storages to replenish after depleting them - i.e. during powerlifting exercises, for example.

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 04:03 PM PST

Do fishes of the deep have a circadian rythm?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 07:43 PM PST

Do creatures like angler fish and the like (question not specific to angler) which live deeper than light penetrates have a 24 cycle etc. If so, what governs it, obviously not sunlight. Also, are they in sync with each other? If not, are there 'time zones' etc

Thanks

submitted by /u/seeasea
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Do countries (Japan, China) where a large part of the population wear face/dust masks have statistically lower occurrences of airborne illness/infections compared to countries (US) that don't wear masks?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 04:25 PM PST

Why does this patch of Arizona have such a clear demarcation in color?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 11:16 AM PST

I was flying over Arizona this week, and spotted this from the airplane window. The ground has a distinct change in color in a very straight line. What causes this? We thought possibly a fence or something affecting the flow of dirt, but it goes on for miles and over a large canyon. If you look closely you can also see the wind patterns on the ground continue over the color change line. (It is NOT the airplane window or photoshop.) We found it on Google maps and it's the Ha Ho No Geh Canyon area.
Photo Here: https://imgur.com/aKZDBFH

submitted by /u/woofwoofgrrl
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What happens to the optic part of the brain when someone looses their eyes?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 10:12 PM PST

Let's say, in a terrible world where someone gets both eyes dramatically clawed from their sockets by an eagle, what would they see? There was recently a TIL post about the eyes not seeing "black" when they are closed, they experience the color "eigengrau". So what would the brain see without eyes at all? Would they see actual black or just eigengrau? Does the same apply for completely blind people? Does the optic section of the brain continue to try and process information or does it just kind of die?

submitted by /u/schmelk1000
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Why does getting water up your nose burn?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 12:26 PM PST

Is there anything functionally essential to the way the brain is shaped, aside from surface area? Say we let a human brain grow smoothly, without folding, maintaining a normal surface area. Are there any known 'computational' costs?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 02:42 PM PST

Clearly this brain wouldn't fit inside a human skull, but let's say for the sake of argument we have a miraculous brain-in-a-vat situation that solves all obvious problems.

submitted by /u/woodencrayon
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Does the fine structure constant of 1/137 imply that there are only 136 possible elements that can be formed?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 10:11 AM PST

My understanding is probably vastly oversimplified but if the electromagnetic force is indeed 137 times weaker than the strong nuclear force, then wouldn't the repulsion of the protons in the nucleus due to the EM force overcome the attraction of the protons due to the SN force when 137 or more protons are present, therefore giving us a largest possible viable atomic number of 136?

submitted by /u/0x4d_
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What exactly does it mean when doctors refer to a contraceptive as being "99.9% effective"?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 01:39 PM PST

I presume it means that if I have sex 1000 times while using it, there's the same risk of getting pregnant as if I hadn't used it. But I have no idea really and there are a lot of ways to interpret it. Can a medical professional clear this up? How safe exactly is it? One in a thousand doesn't really sound that safe.

submitted by /u/AcesFullOfKings
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What would walking tangential to the earths curve appear like?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 06:07 PM PST

Note: So for the sake of the thought experiment I'm gonna assume the earth is a sphere - not technically true, but I don't believe it should materially alter the question.

If you were to essentially have a long perfectly straight girder, perfectly balanced and sitting on the equator of the earth tangentially, what would it look like?

Would it appear to be the steepest mountain, gaining height exponentially as the curvature of the earth fades away?

I'd you were to walk it would appear to be exponential, or a linear gradient as gravity would constantly pull you towards the earth's centre?

submitted by /u/Bardzly
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How do you date rocks? Shouldn't every rock on Earth be 4.6 billion years old?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 08:55 AM PST

A news report I saw said Feb 28 was the end of “meteorological winter.” What does that mean and how is it different than regular winter?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 07:35 PM PST

Can a star orbit another star?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 10:19 AM PST

And if so, could the combination of the two stars create a sustainable environment on a planet or planets? Can a planet orbit the star orbiting the star?

submitted by /u/NightProwlerIV
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What species has the largest variation in size between adults?

Posted: 08 Mar 2019 01:23 PM PST

Talking to my buddies and we're trying to figure out what animal has the largest size percentage variation. For example a 7'0 human compared to a 5'0 human is a pretty big variation. I'm not counting dogs or any other species that humans have bred to be different sizes or abnormal genetic mutations.

My guess is some sort of rodent that can be 1-6 lbs or something like that.

submitted by /u/GrammerNasi
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