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Tuesday, March 5, 2019

Why do people say “conserve water” when it evaporates and recycles itself?

Why do people say “conserve water” when it evaporates and recycles itself?


Why do people say “conserve water” when it evaporates and recycles itself?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 10:02 PM PST

We see everyone saying "conserve water" and that we shouldn't "waste" water but didn't we all learn in middle school about the water cycle and how it reuses water? I'm genuinely curious, I just have never understood it and why it matter that we don't take long showers or keep a faucet running or whatever. I've just always been under the impression water can't be wasted. Thanks!

Edit: wow everyone, thanks for the responses! I posted it and went to bed, just woke up to see all of the replies. Thanks everyone so much, it's been really helpful. Keep it coming!

submitted by /u/chikinwing15
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If you put magnets in water, what kind of charge does the water take on?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 04:24 AM PST

Does it matter which way the magnets are facing? I have them on the bottom of a wash basin filled with water just deep enough to submerge my face in it.

How could I measure the water to know its negative or positive charge for sure?

Would submersion in negative charged water pull positive ions from my body's electromagnetic field?

And/or would negative charged water increase the negative ions in my body's electromagnetic field?

submitted by /u/0111001010
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[space] Can SpaceX Dragon boost / lift-up the ISS?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 03:28 AM PST

I know that height at which ISS rotates the Earth decreases over time due to air resistance. I also found out that Space Shuttles and Soyuzes have been used to lift up the ISS in the past.
Now, I know that NASA plans to use Spacex's Dragons and Boeing's Starliner for cargo and crew transportation. Are these shuttles able to prevent ISS from falling to the ground? Or does NASA plan to maintain attitude in a different way?

submitted by /u/i_want_to_be_devops
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Why do we feel a pumping or throbbing sensation when we have an injury such as a cut?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 09:30 PM PST

Many materials which are electrically conductive are also thermally conductive. Is there a relationship between these two properties at the atomic level?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 08:09 PM PST

For example, almost all metals are both electrically and thermally conductive, water is a little conductive, and most other materials are fairly good insulators. Are there materials that are very electrically conductive but not thermally conductive and vice versa?

submitted by /u/peace_out_man
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If you water a fruit with sugar water will the fruit become more sweet?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 07:34 AM PST

If a laser beam is shot directly into space and swung in a parabolic motion, would the beam be heavily curved due to the speed of light?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 02:22 AM PST

I'm assuming the straight line of the laser would be interrupted over a great distance, though I'm not entirely sure how.

submitted by /u/CoLf21
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Are great white sharks' gums in pain?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 08:15 PM PST

After seeing this on /r/natureismetal , I was reminded of a question I've had ever since "Jaws" in 1975.

Do great white sharks' gums hurt? They've always got these huge jagged teeth ripping through them. It looks freaking painful.

submitted by /u/Bkwordguy
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Differences between geosynchronous and geostationary orbit?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 06:54 AM PST

Hi, I was wondering if anyone could explain the difference between a geosynchronous and geostationary orbit (as well as any other orbits types that I may not be aware off). I'm also curious as too how comets achieved elliptical orbits and if this could be replicated with an artificial satellite on a planet and if so, how. Thanks!

submitted by /u/luminous03
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Do people who have anxiety and/or depression dream less than people who don’t?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 04:36 AM PST

Elon musk talks about using Water and Carbon Dioxide on mars to refuel rockets using a process called "Sabateir" why don't we do this on earth instead of using fossil fuels?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 04:14 PM PST

He mentions changing H2O & CO2 into CH4 & O2, which can then be used to refuel rockets. Why aren't we doing this on earth to save using fossil fuels?

submitted by /u/ImKingMidas
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Why do smaller animals have faster heart rates?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 08:12 PM PST

I'm watching The Zoo on Animal Planet and they had an otter with a heart rate of 160 BPM.

submitted by /u/spomedome
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What’s the gunk you get in your eyes in the morning? How does it get there?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 09:54 PM PST

What is the process by which a patient's infection is determined to be viral or bacterial (and which virus or bacteria)?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 03:26 AM PST

Is there a particular machine that reads sputum/blood samples or is this all done under the microscope by an individual one by one (in which case how do they differentiate all the different types of non disease causing microbes?).

submitted by /u/throwaway123131232
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Why is Pluto's (and other dwarf planets) orbit so unusual?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 07:10 AM PST

Every planet in our solar system seems to have a "normal" orbit (I mean that as they are all aligned with each other and the Sun), then sudenly Pluto's orbit is out, like it sliped or something. It also goes through Neptun's orbit and I found that weird. The same (an unusual orbit) also goes for other dwarf planets.

(I am also sorry for english (it's my second language) and the wording, but I don't know how to express this differently).

submitted by /u/adathecyborg
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Why do fluorescence microscope have a higher resolution than optical microscopes, when both of them use light?

Posted: 05 Mar 2019 07:05 AM PST

Does Sound Travel Through Complex Spaces Equally in Both Directions?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 07:13 PM PST

Sorry for the title gore, I really don't know how to word my question.

What I am essentially asking is would a sound created in point A and measured at point B be the same as a sound created at point B and measured at point A, even when there are obstructions, echos etc?

For example, I can hear people talking in the living room very clearly from my bedroom. It seems to travel up the staircase and through my bedroom door. Does that mean that if I'm talking at the same volume, that it would travel through my bedroom door, down the staircase to the living room - and I would sound just as clear to them as they do to me?

submitted by /u/Bug0
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Why do some animals move in quick bursts (like chickens/small lizards) while others are more deliberate (like humans/bears)?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 09:29 PM PST

How does Coke Zero manage to claim that they have 'no sugar'?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 10:25 PM PST

A legitimate question I've actually been wondering, and I couldn't figure out which 'r/' to put it on.

I've heard from somewhere that it's a thing called 'Acesulfame Potassium', but I'm honestly not too sure if it's true.

Thanks.

submitted by /u/SougoTokiwa
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Why are large physics detectors like LHC and Super K buried underground? Is it because they are dangerous?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 11:48 AM PST

Would an atomic clock at the center of the earth remain in sync with one on the surface? And other time related question.

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 06:32 PM PST

First I just want to say I am not a smart person, I started working before finishing high school, so I appreciate as much "dumbing down" as possible.

The more I read about time dilation the more it blows my freaking mind! It got me wondering if the weird gravity in the center of the earth would cause any funny business or if it's just a matter of speed.

Additionally I have read quite a few of the explanations of time dilation being described when one reference point is the earth, and another a ship. Basically a ship going light speed experiences less time than earth so the people would age less on-board the ship than the people they leave behind. But what about if both reference points remain on the planet? Would the same apply to an earth bound hovercraft for instance? Or some sort of nifty suit? This is where it seems really counter intuitive for me, because if I am able to move at absurd speeds relative to the rest of the people, would they not appear frozen in time instead of accelerating through it?

submitted by /u/stupidmanwonders
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Monday, March 4, 2019

Why are the stars and planets spherical, but galaxies flat?

Why are the stars and planets spherical, but galaxies flat?


Why are the stars and planets spherical, but galaxies flat?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 09:15 PM PST

Starfish Prime was the largest nuclear test conducted in outer space, by the US in 1962. What was its purpose and what did we learn from it?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 05:28 AM PST

AskScience AMA Series: We are John Ibbitson, an award-winning journalist, and Darrell Bricker, a leading international social researcher, and we wrote a book about population decline happening sooner than projected. Ask us anything!

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 04:01 AM PST

An award-winning journalist and leading international social researcher make the provocative argument that the global population will soon begin to decline, dramatically reshaping the social, political, and economic landscape.

For half a century, statisticians, pundits, and politicians have warned that a burgeoning population will soon overwhelm the earth's resources. But a growing number of experts are sounding a different alarm. Rather than continuing to increase exponentially, they argue, the global population is headed for a steep decline-and in many countries, that decline has already begun.

In Empty Planet, John Ibbitson and Darrell Bricker find that a smaller global population will bring with it many benefits: fewer workers will command higher wages; the environment will improve; the risk of famine will wane; and falling birthrates in the developing world will bring greater affluence and autonomy for women.

But enormous disruption lies ahead, too. We can already see the effects in Europe and parts of Asia, as aging populations and worker shortages weaken the economy and impose crippling demands on healthcare and social security. The United States and Canada are well-positioned to successfully navigate these coming demographic shifts--that is, unless growing isolationism leads us to close ourselves off just as openness becomes more critical to our survival than ever.

Rigorously researched and deeply compelling, Empty Planet offers a vision of a future that we can no longer prevent--but one that we can shape, if we choose.

To read an excerpt or buy a copy, please visit: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/545397/empty-planet-by-darrell-bricker-and-john-ibbitson/

Our guests will be here at 2 PM ET (18 UT). Ask them anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Can daily sunscreen use make you more vulnerable to the sun?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 08:16 PM PST

It is to my understanding that UVA radiation is what triggers melanocytes to produce melanin. My skin is relatively tan naturally and growing up (Los Angeles) I rarely applied sunblock and never got burned. When I was 18 i started working outdoors for 9 hours at a time and noticed I began to develop sun burns; as a result, I did some googling and started applying sun block daily. Its been about a year now since I started applying daily sun block and it seems as if any day I don't apply it my skin burns. Growing up I could go hours and hours in the sun without being burnt and now I burn incredibly quickly. Is this a result of permanent damage done to my skin through the years or is this a result of my daily use of sunblock preventing melanocytes from producing the bodies natural sun block, melanin?

tl;dr Does sunblock prevent melanin from forming, therefore, making you weaker to the sun when you do not apply sunblock

submitted by /u/CMCarbon
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What is a topological material?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 03:10 AM PST

I saw this article and I have no idea what's going on. I tried to figure it out by looking stuff up, but it still escapes me.

https://www.reddit.com/r/EverythingScience/comments/ax54l4/ubiquity_of_topological_materials_revealed_in/

submitted by /u/GamerYoohyeon
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Are Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine present/used in DNA of all living organisms on earth?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 08:49 PM PST

Are there any organisms anywhere that dont use ATCG DNA or a variation of it?

submitted by /u/pOMEGALULOMEGALULp
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How well is chemistry understood? Can we predict the properties of elements and molecules just by the rules of chemistry?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 07:06 AM PST

Like do we know why the properties of elements are why they are?

Lets say you would teach someone without prior knowledge all we know about chemistry, could he predict the color, hardness etc of a given element or compound? would he know that gold is, well golden and not, say, blue?

Or ist that still a mystery?

submitted by /u/overlydelicioustea
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How safe is it to eat food from the floor?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 03:53 AM PST

Does cold have diminishing returns, e.g. does -40 degrees generally really feel that much colder than zero degrees?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 06:55 AM PST

Where does uranium in the ocean water come from?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 07:53 AM PST

I've read that there are some efforts to extract uranium from seawater, and that it is considered "renewable". Surely that's an exaggeration, as I'm not aware of any element considered to be truly renewable (given that it's destroyed in the fission process).

Do the articles mean that ocean deposits of uranium salts dissolve overt time? Wouldn't these run out eventually?

I'm not considering the practicality of deposits lasting for extreme lengths of time so as to be considered undepletable.

submitted by /u/Dragon___
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Is the Oort Cloud considered part of the solar system?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 06:26 AM PST

How is Plutonium-238 enriched from Uranium-238?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 05:17 AM PST

I've been trying to find a reliable source to get this information but nothing is conclusive. I know that if you hit U-238 with a deuteron it becomes Neptunium-238 and then that becomes Pu-238 (I'm still unsure if this info is correct). Then i read on some places that its not just Pu-238 but also Pu-239 that are together and that needs to be enriched.

Any help will be appreciated.

Edit: I think my title might be wrong but i'm not sure. Any clarification will he appreciated.

submitted by /u/TamzidZ
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What is the mechanism of action of endo- and phyto-cannabinoids in treating pain?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 10:18 PM PST

Tl;dr: Need hard science about cannabinoids and their impact on pain. How they work, why they work, what they do, how well they do it. I'm a scientist, but not a chemist/biologist, so a lot of it goes over my head. Please help!

I have been doing cursory research for a few weeks now, but unfortunately everything I find seems to be 1)locked behind a paywall, 2)using jargon that goes beyond my understanding, or 3)heavily biased one way or another.

How do endocannabinoids work in the body to treat pain, and how do phytocannabinoids trigger those receptors? I've seen plenty at a glance about the CB1 and CB2 receptors, and how anandimide and 2-AG are agonists of those receptors, but what is the difference between the impact? What exactly does an agonist of the CB1/2 receptor do, and why do some cannabinoids induce a "high" and impact appetite while others do not? Also, I have seen a lot about the analgesic effects of cannabidiol (CBD), but it is a mild antagonist of those receptors instead of an agonist; how does it work? Where do the analogues lie between endo- and phyto-cannabinoids?

Thank you guys so much in advance. As you can see, I have a lot of questions on the topic that I'm trying to make specific, so absolutely anything helps including just a basic explanation, but please, please, PLEASE, if you've got sources on the topic, send it my way! If you're a kind soul who's willing to translate the biochemistry in them as well, that'd be even better!

Best,

u/pm_some_good_vibes :)

submitted by /u/pm_some_good_vibes
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What happens to the atmospheric density profile when you double gravity?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 08:04 PM PST

I'm starting to get extremely frustrated with understanding pressure and how it relates to various atmospheric phenomena. Everything feels so unintuitive. My main struggle right now is finding out how increasing gravity would affect hydrostatic equilibrium and the density profile of the atmosphere. I understand why the following equation holds:

change in pressure/change in height = -density * gravity

but I'm confused about why an increase of gravity leads to a steeper density profile. It seems to me like doubling gravity would just make the force diagram for any parcel of air the same, except with all values doubled, and thus with a doubled pressure gradient. Does anyone have an explanation for why increasing gravity makes the air near the surface denser and the air far aloft far less dense? Is there an intuitive way to think about this? Thanks!

submitted by /u/Braindoesntwork2
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would there be muzzle flash if a firearm was fired in a vacuum?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 07:12 PM PST

How long would it take for a human being to safely accelerate to 99.9% the speed of light?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 12:25 PM PST

The question assumes it's possible for physical matter to be accelerated to 99.9% the speed of light. And I mean if somebody was confined to to an airtight spacecraft, so not exposed to the surrounding space.

submitted by /u/lawnofprawns
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What are the known scientific differences between the male and female orgasm?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 02:25 PM PST

If the Earth moves far and long enough from the sun, would the core freeze? And if so, how long would it take?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 01:06 AM PST

How is heat death of the universe possible if energy cannot be destroyed?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 09:00 PM PST

Does this mean all heat and light would be emitted into infinite emptiness?

submitted by /u/egeatay
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How is NADPH+ synthesized Through photosynthesis?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 06:31 AM PST

Lets start with what I know on my end, briefly. I know that when light of a certain wavelength hits the chlorophyll molecule it gives of a electron sending it down an electron transport system, that uses redox. At the end of this transport it ends up at the cytochrome.

My questions: What does the cytochrome do? ( I see in a depiction of this process that it continues through anotherchlorophyll here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis under light dependent reactions)

How is the electron in a higher state of energy? (after the chlorophyll absorbs a photon). Is it the electron in a higher orbital? how can that be when its not on a molecul?

How is this energy used for the synthesis of NADPH?

Also, how is the energy from a proton gradiant used for the synthesis of ATP?

I apologize for the confusing structure, but I think i might have some information twisted or just flatout wrong.

submitted by /u/Vepetar
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How does bleach work in that it strips materials of pigment?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 07:12 PM PST

How is a DNA sample computerized?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 01:13 PM PST

In other words, what is the process to take a biological sample and convert it to code that can then be stored and analyzed by a computer? For example, what would I have to do a sample of my own cheek cells in order to be able to upload my own DNA profile to GEDmatch?

submitted by /u/PlatypusEgo
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Why is Lake Baikal so deep?

Posted: 04 Mar 2019 06:07 AM PST

What is the difference in carbon the humans created vs. natural?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 06:47 PM PST

I was watching Cosmos, and Tyson stated that the carbon that humans emit have a distinct signature.

submitted by /u/fmjk45a
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Sunday, March 3, 2019

In snowy mountain areas, avalanches occur, we all know this, but does the same happen in the desert on high dunes?

In snowy mountain areas, avalanches occur, we all know this, but does the same happen in the desert on high dunes?


In snowy mountain areas, avalanches occur, we all know this, but does the same happen in the desert on high dunes?

Posted: 03 Mar 2019 05:45 AM PST

Is there any study on measuring IQ before starting and after finishing college/university (math, physics, computer sicence)?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 01:49 PM PST

Is there any scientific relation between a neon color and the element neon?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 06:24 PM PST

For example, was "neon" (color) originally caused by something involving the element neon? Or something similar? Or could it just be English being wierd/ a different unrelated reason?

submitted by /u/longunorignalname
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Are the minerals on Earth expected to be universal?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 06:44 PM PST

Do we expect to find things like granite and quartz and hematite and emeralds and stuff on similarly sized rocky planets? Are there common minerals on Earth and Mars, for instance? Or are there too many variables in the elemental makeup of planets, pressure, temperature, etc., that this would be unlikely? Can we make any inferences about minerals found on other planets remotely, via spectroscopy or clever modeling or anything?

submitted by /u/malenkylizards
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Why do you sometimes temporarily lose your hearing when yawning?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 11:53 AM PST

Edit: more of an impairment that a complete loss of hearing, I can still hear it's just muffled and quite.

submitted by /u/sdawg96
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Why don't we on Earth feel a centrifugal force?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 05:27 PM PST

In OES spectroscopy is adding an inert nonreactive species (actinometry) the only way to get concentration of species?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 05:07 PM PST

Doing OES spectroscopy on a plasma etching reaction and the grad students don't want to change the gas lines to put some argon in (or something like that) so I can find concentrations. They're giving me some other mass balance equations for pure species that will react e.g HCL. I don't see how it will work since the intensities are relative -- I feel like I have to have an internal reference point in order to do this...

submitted by /u/shitty_grape
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Why does a battery's charge get lower and lower and provide less and less energy instead of instantly running out while providing full power?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 12:40 PM PST

How are cell samples maintained to ensure quality over years or even decades?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 10:10 AM PST

There are multiple samples of cells that are used for research that were harvested years and years ago. How are we certain that these are of appropriate experimental quality, especially when we know that telomeres on cell DNA degrade after repeated divisions? What methods are employed in preservation and quality control of the cell samples to ensure any mutations do not affect the sample?

submitted by /u/Einkill
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How do scientists go about estimating the number of a certain animal/species left in the world?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 09:35 AM PST

How are magnetic fields measured from a distance in astronomy?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 10:52 AM PST

i was lucky enough to witness a presentation and ask questions to a guy who worked with the Hershel space telescope. During the presentation, he was talking about the magnetic field in jets of quasars and how the structure of the pillars of creation are held together by a magnetic field based on the polarisation.

The way it was put across, didn't sound like it was just theories. So coming away from this, i cant exactly think how electromagnetic fields are measured from a distance.

submitted by /u/tjs247
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How Big Can a Synthetic Diamond Be?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 10:55 AM PST

While I am sure that the "theoretical limit" might be practically infinite, but what is the practical limit?

submitted by /u/voltrontestpilot
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Why is gold(79) rarer than lead(82)?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 08:33 AM PST

Gold has been been always considered as a very valuable thing in all of human history. And it is always said that it comes from its rarity. But it is very often said that the more an element got protons the rarer it is in the universe.

So why lead with its 82 protons is so much cheaper than gold with its 79 protons?

Sorry if the my text contain mistakes I'm not a native speaker.

submitted by /u/SiriusOw
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What theory or theories was between the old 4 elements (earth, fire, wind, and water) and the modern periodic table?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 10:23 AM PST

I hope this is the right sub for this question. There's a missing gap in my knowledge between when those four elements were thought of and when the modern periodic table came into existence.

When did those old four elements lose favour?

What was thought or theorized between these two theories? I remember Newton was trying various alchemy things, was he in a way trying to figure out the elements?

submitted by /u/someguy3
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How do humans get through the Van Allen belts?

Posted: 02 Mar 2019 09:47 AM PST

I've seen a lot of scientists say we can't get through the Van Allen belts... so if we can't get through them now how did they in 1969?

submitted by /u/ChiefCokkahoe
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