How do scientist decide on how to create flu vaccine for each year?

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• How do scientist decide on how to create flu vaccine for each year?
• Is it actually possible to create artificial gravity in a spacecraft through a spinning fuselage?
• Why do we almost never hear the term "global warming" anymore, which seems to be replaced with "climate change"?
• Do shorter people have faster reaction speed and reflexes?
• Are there any acids that are solids?
• Music: Why can certain sounds influence our emotion to be anywhere from elated to depresssed? How does music (possibly) enhance intelligence and health? ... How come sound waves are so powerful?
• Can lenses have two focal points?
• What is currently humanity's best theory on what exactly The Great Attractor is?
• Is the Darvaza gas crater (The Door to Hell) causing any major effects on the planet? Its been burning since 1971 and I never until recently even knew it existed. A natural gas field collapsed into an underground cavern located in Derweze, Turkmenistan.
• Does the Mars Rover 'hunker down', turn off instruments, or otherwise prepare if storms are coming?
• What kind of events/circumstances would it take to cause a world-wide winter/another Ice Age?
• If 1 eV equals roughly 12000 K, why are there semiconductors with a band-gap of, say, 2 eV that can achieve conductivity through thermal excitation?
• What happens after I drink a glass of water?
• Why was the Voyager record gold plated vs. using a harder metal?
• Liquor is often used in movies and tv to clean wounds. Is this actually beneficial? Does it need to be a certain proof or abv? Can it be any liquor because it never appears to be gin or tequila but rather vodka or whiskey.
• Why do some smells stick to clothing (or textiles) for longer than others?
• How does it take for platelets to clot a cut?
• How did we know how dinosaurs sound like?
• So how do our bodies actually process sunlight into vitimin D?
• How do oceans interact with Tectonic plates and fault zones?
• What is impedance ?

How do scientist decide on how to create flu vaccine for each year? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 11:03 AM PST submitted by /u/kiraxkage [link] [comments]

Is it actually possible to create artificial gravity in a spacecraft through a spinning fuselage? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 04:29 PM PST submitted by /u/dmo7000 [link] [comments]

Why do we almost never hear the term "global warming" anymore, which seems to be replaced with "climate change"? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 04:32 PM PST Are these terms interchangeable or did we just focus on something else more important? Edit: I think this explains it https://open.spotify.com/track/3lAXp2NLVGbZiSVByQDoyP?si=OXZL7qJOSPKG49xdRGxDsw submitted by /u/iAmABoiledEgg [link] [comments]

Do shorter people have faster reaction speed and reflexes? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 06:10 AM PST submitted by /u/Thoughtfulmess [link] [comments]

Are there any acids that are solids? Posted: 17 Nov 2018 02:54 AM PST I'm not asking about freezing acids either. Are there solid objects that can be classified as acids, even corrosive to other materials? I always assumed all acids have to be liquid chemicals. Or maybe I'm phrasing the question wrong... submitted by /u/Hazmatfox [link] [comments]

Music: Why can certain sounds influence our emotion to be anywhere from elated to depresssed? How does music (possibly) enhance intelligence and health? ... How come sound waves are so powerful? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 04:02 PM PST How come certain sounds make us feel a certain way (i.e. what makes sad music sad)? How does music give us a high, which is (at least I've heard) comparable to that of cocaine's? I'm addicted to music and it's effect on my emotions. I would love to know more about it. Thank you to anyone who replies submitted by /u/KungFuKenneth [link] [comments]

Can lenses have two focal points? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 08:28 PM PST Can there be a lens that can focus light from two distances simultaneously? (Specifically excluding stuff like bifocal glasses which have separate "zones" of focus) submitted by /u/ZeScratch [link] [comments]

What is currently humanity's best theory on what exactly The Great Attractor is? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 02:34 PM PST submitted by /u/Misteeer [link] [comments]

Is the Darvaza gas crater (The Door to Hell) causing any major effects on the planet? Its been burning since 1971 and I never until recently even knew it existed. A natural gas field collapsed into an underground cavern located in Derweze, Turkmenistan. Posted: 16 Nov 2018 05:29 AM PST Geologists set it on fire to prevent the spread of methane gas, and it is thought to have been burning continuously since 1971. The diameter of the crater is 69 metres (226 ft), and its depth is 30 metres (98 ft). submitted by /u/Redfield2 [link] [comments]

Does the Mars Rover 'hunker down', turn off instruments, or otherwise prepare if storms are coming? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 08:16 AM PST submitted by /u/britboy4321 [link] [comments]

What kind of events/circumstances would it take to cause a world-wide winter/another Ice Age? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 04:34 PM PST I am aware of nuclear winter and gamma ray bursts possibly causing it, but is there other non-nuclear/non-radioactive ways that another Ice Age-like event could occur? Edit: I'm asking because I'm writing a novel centered around Earth turning into a frozen wasteland. submitted by /u/DragoneyeCreations [link] [comments]

If 1 eV equals roughly 12000 K, why are there semiconductors with a band-gap of, say, 2 eV that can achieve conductivity through thermal excitation? Posted: 17 Nov 2018 05:04 AM PST There is a relationship between eV and Kelvin that is obtained by combining the Boltzmann constant and the elementary charge, from which the relationship 1 eV = roughly 12000 K arises. I read somewhere that this relationship is obtained in the context of assuming that the electron's velocity distribution in a plasma is a temperature distribution. But this should apply to everyday situations, right? Like for example in justifying why Cooper pairs are unable to form at room temperature (because the bond energy is like 0.001 eV, which by the relationship above is about 11.6 K). But if a semiconductor has a bandgap of 2 eV, by the same relationship, you should expect that you need to heat it to like 24000 K in order for it to promote electrons to the conduction band. This is obviously not the case. What am I missing here? submitted by /u/Lichewitz [link] [comments]

What happens after I drink a glass of water? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 01:23 PM PST How long does the water stay in my stomach? How does it get to the rest of my body, and how long does it take? Where does it the water go and what is it used for? ​ submitted by /u/ReadyStar [link] [comments]

Why was the Voyager record gold plated vs. using a harder metal? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 01:32 PM PST submitted by /u/dr1zzzt [link] [comments]

Liquor is often used in movies and tv to clean wounds. Is this actually beneficial? Does it need to be a certain proof or abv? Can it be any liquor because it never appears to be gin or tequila but rather vodka or whiskey. Posted: 16 Nov 2018 03:04 PM PST submitted by /u/gscan5 [link] [comments]

Why do some smells stick to clothing (or textiles) for longer than others? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 04:25 PM PST An example I thought of was Curry lingering on and embedding itself into my clothes, whereas something like the smell of bread from a bakery won't be as potent. Is it to do with the smell particles themselves or our predisposition as humas to notice some smells morr than others (e.g. repulsive smells like garbage). Apologies for the flair, I am unsure! submitted by /u/masturdating [link] [comments]

How does it take for platelets to clot a cut? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 10:09 PM PST Saw a documentary years ago that said it takes up to 90 seconds for platelets to clot a small cut, but I can't seem to fine any evidence of it. submitted by /u/Yummy_Muffy_Puffy [link] [comments]

How did we know how dinosaurs sound like? Posted: 17 Nov 2018 01:55 AM PST submitted by /u/tarayra [link] [comments]

So how do our bodies actually process sunlight into vitimin D? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 03:07 PM PST Like, photons are waves. How does that energy become usable to us? Denaturing materials already present that turn into vitimin D? Or is it simpler? submitted by /u/one-long-shitpost [link] [comments]

How do oceans interact with Tectonic plates and fault zones? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 02:22 PM PST I recently read a news article that mentioned that ocean water gets sucked into the Mantle. I'm curious about how this happens and how water cycles works with relation to it's interaction with the Crust. submitted by /u/meglomania [link] [comments]

What is impedance ? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 09:38 AM PST The concept of impedance is kind of blurry for me. Can you give examples to make me understand both acoustic and electric impedance ? submitted by /u/Anodization [link] [comments]

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Are there seasons in the deep ocean?

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• Are there seasons in the deep ocean?
• Rubbing alcohol is often use to sanitize skin (after an injury/before an injection), but I have never seen someone use it to clean their counters or other non-porous surfaces — is there a reason rubbing alcohol is not used on such surfaces but non-alcohol-based spray cleaners are?
• Climate scientists are saying that climate change is irreversible. If we continue on the path we are currently in, in which we keep using fossil fuels. How much longer do we expect the human race to last? Will we all die in a 100 years? 1000?
• When describing black holes in galaxies people generally say “almost all galaxies have black holes at their centers” why almost”? Are there galaxies without supermassive black holes in their centers, if so how do they form?
• What percent of my blood volume gets oxygenated with one breath?
• AskScience AMA Series: We are Julia Taylor Kennedy & Pooja Jain-Link from the Center for Talent Innovation and we just published "Wonder Women in STEM and the Companies that Champion Them" - we want to share solutions to improve gender equality in the STEM fields. Ask Us Anything!
• The new kilogram definition seems complex. Why not define it in terms of the mass of a proton?
• What determines how opaque or transparent a material is, on a molecular level?
• Why some materials, like diamonds, who are form in extremely high pressures don't recover its initial form when they are at 1 atmosphere of preassure?
• With current nuclear reactors' consumption, how much "fuel" do we have left?
• An impact crater has been recently discovered in Greenland that may have been caused by a 1-mile-wide asteroid. If an analogous asteroid were discovered heading towards Earth, would we be able to pinpoint in advance an exact impact location? How much time in advance?
• If suppressors reduce the firing noise in guns, and make them go a little further, then why do armies not use them more often?
• How do people exactly measure absurdly high temperatures, like 100 million? Or are they just estimating it?
• Can someone help me find the spectra of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanets?
• Do we lose radio communication with Mars when it is behind the moon?
• Is sustainable muon catalysed fusion possible in the upper atmosphere where muons are produced due to cosmic waves hitting the upper atmosphere?
• Are there El Niño/La Niñas on other bodies of water, other than the Pacific Ocean?
• What kind of batteries did the Apollo astronauts have in their backpacks?
• If language, music, and talking are important for brain development (not just language development), do brains of deaf babies develop differently?
• I can't seem to grasp my head around the concept of rest mass how is it different from the mass we know?
• Are there more elements to be discovered on earth? Do we think we've discovered every element that exists on this planet,or will the periodic table continue to expand?
• When splitting water molecules by electrolysis, how would sperate the hydrogen and oxygen?

Are there seasons in the deep ocean? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 04:11 PM PST submitted by /u/--llll---------lll-- [link] [comments]

Rubbing alcohol is often use to sanitize skin (after an injury/before an injection), but I have never seen someone use it to clean their counters or other non-porous surfaces — is there a reason rubbing alcohol is not used on such surfaces but non-alcohol-based spray cleaners are? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 04:16 PM PST submitted by /u/maux_zaikq [link] [comments]

Climate scientists are saying that climate change is irreversible. If we continue on the path we are currently in, in which we keep using fossil fuels. How much longer do we expect the human race to last? Will we all die in a 100 years? 1000? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 03:48 PM PST submitted by /u/OSRSDrugsnMusic [link] [comments]

When describing black holes in galaxies people generally say “almost all galaxies have black holes at their centers” why almost”? Are there galaxies without supermassive black holes in their centers, if so how do they form? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 03:38 AM PST submitted by /u/KevReynolds314 [link] [comments]

What percent of my blood volume gets oxygenated with one breath? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 01:58 PM PST How do factors like bmi and age affect this value? submitted by /u/159357284675931 [link] [comments]

AskScience AMA Series: We are Julia Taylor Kennedy & Pooja Jain-Link from the Center for Talent Innovation and we just published "Wonder Women in STEM and the Companies that Champion Them" - we want to share solutions to improve gender equality in the STEM fields. Ask Us Anything! Posted: 16 Nov 2018 04:35 AM PST Many women who work in the STEM industries still feel stuck in their careers. Our latest study, "Wonder Women in STEM and the Companies that Champion Them," identifies several strategies that can foster career advancement for women in these fields. I'm Julia Taylor Kennedy, Executive Vice President and Director of Publications at CTI, and I'm Pooja Jain-Link, Senior Vice President and CTI's Director of Research. We're familiar with the challenges women face as they attempt to climb the ladder to the C-Suite in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields--challenges that often lead them to lean out of their industries entirely. Our latest report shifts from documenting challenges to identifying actionable approaches linked to success for individuals as well as companies. We are excited to talk to you about this study and welcome questions from women currently working in STEM careers in particular. We'll be on at 4pm ET (21 UT). Ask Us Anything! submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

The new kilogram definition seems complex. Why not define it in terms of the mass of a proton? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 07:19 AM PST The kilogram is being redefined. https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/11/14/18072368/kilogram-kibble-redefine-weight-science The new definition is in terms of the Planck constant and seems complex (or at least not very elegant.) Why isn't the kilogram defined as something simpler like the mass of X number of protons? submitted by /u/zerovoid0 [link] [comments]

What determines how opaque or transparent a material is, on a molecular level? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 04:16 AM PST Like what makes water clear? What makes milk white? How can something even be transparent? submitted by /u/turkishjedi21 [link] [comments]

Why some materials, like diamonds, who are form in extremely high pressures don't recover its initial form when they are at 1 atmosphere of preassure? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 03:03 AM PST submitted by /u/HronkChaos [link] [comments]

With current nuclear reactors' consumption, how much "fuel" do we have left? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 11:51 PM PST Hi, I am part of those that think that the best way to reduce global warming and keep our ways of life while not polluting the environment too much is to commit to nuclear fission. I know that there are problems with waste, but I consider them insignificant compared to global warming. I know that there are renewables, but to use them in the next 10 years, we might (not knowledgable enough) have to drastically reduce our consumption. So with that in mind, I am an advocated of nuclear fisison. A colleague of mine said that there are only a few decades of fissable material left to make sure current reactors can keep running. This seems like a difficult topic for me to get the right data. So, is that true that we are also running out of fuel for our nuclear reactors? If not, could the world run mostly on nuclear? submitted by /u/Voi69 [link] [comments]

An impact crater has been recently discovered in Greenland that may have been caused by a 1-mile-wide asteroid. If an analogous asteroid were discovered heading towards Earth, would we be able to pinpoint in advance an exact impact location? How much time in advance? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 01:24 AM PST submitted by /u/sorryDontUnderstand [link] [comments]

If suppressors reduce the firing noise in guns, and make them go a little further, then why do armies not use them more often? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 06:14 PM PST Is it more costly? Or is it just useless/has its flaws? submitted by /u/NawarFox [link] [comments]

How do people exactly measure absurdly high temperatures, like 100 million? Or are they just estimating it? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 07:09 PM PST Edit: Here's a news post... https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-15/china-attempts-to-create-an-artificial-sun/10495536 submitted by /u/RevileAI [link] [comments]

Can someone help me find the spectra of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanets? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 02:00 AM PST Hello, I am looking for the data for the TRAPPIST-1 system spectra for the exoplanets. I have seen many plots of this data, but cannot find the raw numbers, which I need for a college project. If anyone could help my find the numerical values for these spectra, it would be most appreciated. submitted by /u/CottonMajyk [link] [comments]

Do we lose radio communication with Mars when it is behind the moon? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 07:54 PM PST submitted by /u/1pointtwentyone [link] [comments]

Is sustainable muon catalysed fusion possible in the upper atmosphere where muons are produced due to cosmic waves hitting the upper atmosphere? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 01:51 AM PST submitted by /u/TuftedCat [link] [comments]

Are there El Niño/La Niñas on other bodies of water, other than the Pacific Ocean? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 07:43 PM PST Thanks. submitted by /u/baracuda68 [link] [comments]

What kind of batteries did the Apollo astronauts have in their backpacks? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 06:36 PM PST submitted by /u/deanoplex [link] [comments]

If language, music, and talking are important for brain development (not just language development), do brains of deaf babies develop differently? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 03:24 PM PST submitted by /u/ilovestalepopcorn [link] [comments]

I can't seem to grasp my head around the concept of rest mass how is it different from the mass we know? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 06:33 PM PST submitted by /u/golDzeman [link] [comments]

Are there more elements to be discovered on earth? Do we think we've discovered every element that exists on this planet,or will the periodic table continue to expand? Posted: 16 Nov 2018 01:48 AM PST Also, when was the last element on the table discovered? There has to be some that we haven't discovered on other planets or in other galaxies at least, right? submitted by /u/QuickKev [link] [comments]

When splitting water molecules by electrolysis, how would sperate the hydrogen and oxygen? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 05:52 PM PST submitted by /u/jmonster24 [link] [comments]

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How are quantum computers actually implemented?

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• How are quantum computers actually implemented?
• Stupid question, If there were metal buildings/electronics more than 13k+ years ago, would we be able to know about it?
• How does the new kilogram work?
• How deep does dirt go?
• Where do meteorites gain their velocity?
• A recent news article states that a plasma's temperature, for self-sustaining fusion, needs to be around 100 million C - but the core of the Sun is only around 15 million C. Why does a plasma's temperature need to be so high for fusion to work? And why not for the Sun?
• Is it possible for a particle to be made of only neutrons?
• Can a recessive gene evolve into a dominant one after generations?
• How come our bodies can break down so many proteins but keratin is a big no no?
• How do atoms 'share' electrons?
• Could there be a new quantum field that is not interacting in its vacuum state, but would be given high enough excitation?
• What happens during elastic electron collisions with a surface?
• Can dogs (and cats) tell that human babies belong to "their" human?
• After a vasectomy, where does the stem go after an ejaculation?
• Why are Lauric-based surfactants preferred instead of Oleic/Stearic-based surfactants?
• How does dark matter affect galactic orbital speed?
• What happens to photons when they get absorbed by particles? What do they transform into? And do the particles ever get saturated?

How are quantum computers actually implemented? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 09:26 AM PST I have basic understanding of quantum information theory, however I have no idea how is actual quantum processor hardware made. Tangential question - what is best place to start looking for such information? For theoretical physics I usually start with Wikipedia and then slowly go through references and related articles, but this approach totally fails me when I want learn something about experimental physics. submitted by /u/kubazz [link] [comments]

Stupid question, If there were metal buildings/electronics more than 13k+ years ago, would we be able to know about it? Posted: 15 Nov 2018 12:14 AM PST My friend has gotten really into conspiracy theories lately, and he has started to believe that there was a highly advanced civilization on earth, like as highly advanced as ours, more than 13k years ago, but supposedly since a meteor or some other event happened and wiped most humans out, we started over, and the only reason we know about some history sites with stones buildings, but no old sites of metal buildings or electronics is because those would have all decomposed while the stone structures wouldn't decompose I keep telling him even if the metal mostly decomposed, we should still have some sort of evidence of really old scrap metal or something right? submitted by /u/TwitchyFingers [link] [comments]

How does the new kilogram work? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 10:38 PM PST Scientists are voting to redefine the kilogram using physical constants rather than the arbitrary block of metal we use now. Here's an article about it: https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/11/14/18072368/kilogram-kibble-redefine-weight-science From what I understand, this new method will allow us to generate "reference" kilogram masses by using fancy balances anywhere in the world. I'm confused how we can use the constant speed of light to do this. The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, but doesn't the time component change depending on the local gravity and speed? Wouldn't that mean that reference masses would vary slightly, depending on the gravity and the speed at that particular facility, according to general and special relativity? Is this canceled out somehow, or is it just so small that it's still an improvement in precision over what we have now? submitted by /u/halberdierbowman [link] [comments]

How deep does dirt go? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 05:25 PM PST I am imagining minecraft, so this is probably a stupid question. But if I went to my backyard and got a shovel, how far would I go before I hit stone? Or is there even stone under? Earth science in high school covered types of rocks and and layers n stuff, but doesn't tell us where things are. Are the tectonic plates made of rock? The education system has failed me, please help E: so from what I'm getting - my education on earth science sucked. I loved physics and biology (chemistry sucked), but my "earth science" class was just "here are types of rocks. Here are the planets, good luck". From what I understand- it varies, bedrock isnt under 60+meters of stone as some childhood video games led me to believe, but could be 10-40ft below dirt. I think in my area, there is clay under me (my dad dug 6' holes for fence posts, and only got thick red stuff [probably clay]). Thank you for all the help, I was up late at night and semi delerious when I got on this thought path, but I appreciate you all taking the time to answer :) submitted by /u/Lorde_Farquad [link] [comments]

Where do meteorites gain their velocity? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 11:23 PM PST submitted by /u/BeUnconventional [link] [comments]

A recent news article states that a plasma's temperature, for self-sustaining fusion, needs to be around 100 million C - but the core of the Sun is only around 15 million C. Why does a plasma's temperature need to be so high for fusion to work? And why not for the Sun? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 02:38 PM PST The article in question is here: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-15/china-attempts-to-create-an-artificial-sun/10495536. ​ I get that the temperature must be high enough to generate a plasma, but to the best of my knowledge plasmas start forming in the 10,000 C range. submitted by /u/Niccolo101 [link] [comments]

Is it possible for a particle to be made of only neutrons? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 07:01 PM PST I've recently learned the functions and such of an atom, and was wondering if it would be possible for a particle to be made of only neutrons, and what would be the implications of such a particle? submitted by /u/AnxiousMirror [link] [comments]

Can a recessive gene evolve into a dominant one after generations? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 04:35 PM PST submitted by /u/Ccaves0127 [link] [comments]

How come our bodies can break down so many proteins but keratin is a big no no? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 04:34 PM PST submitted by /u/conziskewl [link] [comments]

How do atoms 'share' electrons? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 12:31 PM PST I understand that they do it to gain stability, but how does it actually happen? As I understand it, electrons orbit around a nucleus, so how do electrons orbit around two nuclei at the same time? submitted by /u/Grits- [link] [comments]

Could there be a new quantum field that is not interacting in its vacuum state, but would be given high enough excitation? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 04:30 PM PST submitted by /u/Somelurkereh [link] [comments]

What happens during elastic electron collisions with a surface? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 04:29 PM PST I'm confused with what happens during elastic electron collisions with a surface. An example of what I am talking about would be back-scattered electrons in an SEM. There are representations of this I have seen that shows an electron "sling-shotting" around the nuclei, but this is an incorrect representation because that would cause the electron to produce bremsstrahlung x-rays, thus the interaction would not be an elastic collision. I was told that the electron "bounces" off the nuclei like a ball bouncing off a wall, but that explanation does not satisfy me. What force repels the electron away from the nuclei? Is it just electrostatic forces? Would an electron getting that close to the nuclei violate the pauli exclusion principle? submitted by /u/PopularPlanet [link] [comments]

Can dogs (and cats) tell that human babies belong to "their" human? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 11:05 AM PST Like, if parents bring home their newborn, can the dog/cat smell the newborn and "know" that the baby came from the parents? I've tried googling it, and a lot of what I've found is specifically about how to introduce your pets to your new baby/do animals know what a baby is, and while that's interesting, that's not quite what I'm looking for? I assume that a human baby would, presumably, smell like whoever is holding them most often, but do humans have an inherent "smell", and is that passed on in a way that dogs/cats can understand to the best of their abilities? submitted by /u/loracarol [link] [comments]

After a vasectomy, where does the stem go after an ejaculation? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 08:46 AM PST If the tube it self Is cut and there is now a open tube that's sitting in the sac, then the sperm would still come out but only into the sac wouldn't it? And even is it was closed somehow, then wouldn't a buildup of sperm cause a problem? Eventually an extremely high amount of pressure of the sperm would break through whatever closed the tube. And then you'd be back to the situation of having sperm floating in the sac. submitted by /u/Noahwar97 [link] [comments]

Why are Lauric-based surfactants preferred instead of Oleic/Stearic-based surfactants? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 08:38 AM PST In the cosmetics industry, more than 70% of personal soaps that are used today have sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate as the main cleansing agent, but why is that the case? Lauric acid based soaps are often derived from tropical plant sources, like coconut and palm oils. I have seen next to no information about the cleansing power or just the general properties of ethoxylated oleic and stearic based cleansers. Oleic acid is the primary acid that can be found in plenty of oils, like soybean, canola, olive etc. Stearic acid can be made from oleic acid by hydrogenation, turning it from an unsaturated to a saturated fatty acid, giving it more cleansing power. Wouldn't it be more economical and less consuming to use those fatty acids in soap making instead of lauric acid based soaps? And as a added question, why is there so little information on oleic based surfactants? submitted by /u/M_An_M [link] [comments]

How does dark matter affect galactic orbital speed? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 06:03 AM PST I've been reading about the history of the Dark Matter theory and the evidence for it due to galactic spin speeds. The way it is phrased in many articles is "without dark matter the stars would spin away, and the galaxy would rip apart." I understand this, but wouldn't this simplistic version of the evidence be answered by simply increasing the mass of the Galactic Core? My current understanding is that the stars don't just orbit faster than expected, but the Acceleration Curve (the amount the orbital speed decreases with distance from the center) is shallower than expected, i.e. stars distant from the center move too fast relative to stars near the center for any possible mass of the Galactic Core. Is that correct? Finally, if the above is true, I find it hard to visualize. As a hypothetical, if dark matter were visible dust would that mean the Galaxy would be a big dust cloud with a few stars speckled in it and the whole thing would be rotating at a more constant speed because the gravitation of the giant dust cloud would offset the mass of the Galactic Core? I guess I don't understand why having mass everywhere would make the whole thing spin faster unless the center is also more massive. If, for example, our solar system was filled with gas or dust, would we be orbiting the Sun at a noticeably different speed? I'd almost expect the opposite. Forgetting about friction, wouldn't the gas past the orbit of the Earth be slowing it's orbit down, not speeding it up? submitted by /u/ovideos [link] [comments]

What happens to photons when they get absorbed by particles? What do they transform into? And do the particles ever get saturated? Posted: 14 Nov 2018 10:26 AM PST submitted by /u/smellybrownfinger [link] [comments]

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