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Sunday, November 4, 2018

What is stopping islands from eroding away?

What is stopping islands from eroding away?


What is stopping islands from eroding away?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 02:14 PM PDT

Why don't plumbers use aluminium pipes instead of copper?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 11:51 AM PDT

It seems weird to me, because aluminum is much cheaper by volume and easier to handle, and is also resistant to corrosion.

submitted by /u/RadSeed
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Particle entanglement says distance between particles is irrelevant for one to affect the other instantaneously. What if the particles are a light year apart? Does that mean the speed of light really isn’t the universal speed limit?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 09:31 AM PDT

How can lasers cool something to near absolute zero?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 07:08 AM PDT

Are the elements distributed evenly throughout the universe, in the same relative proportions we find on earth?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 07:34 AM PDT

Are there planets made of solid gold, of deserts of diamond 'sand'? Is there likely to be any elements that are unknown to us?

submitted by /u/Thomasina_ZEBR
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What causes meteorites to have a geometric almost crystalline pattern on their interior?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 09:38 AM PDT

https://m.imgur.com/gallery/qZi7Ajg

I've been looking at meteorites a Christmas gift for my SO, and I noticed that some of them have geometric and sometimes crystalline patterns when you view them as cross sections. What causes them to look like this instead of simply being big, bulky chunks of metal?

submitted by /u/SalemStarburn
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Other than height, are there any observable physical differences between a human who is alive today and someone who was alive 10,000 years ago?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 04:57 AM PDT

Would a Traumatic Brain Injury after the onset of symptoms accelerate the progression of Alzheimer's Disease?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 01:05 PM PDT

I know that AD is strongly correlated with development of amyloid plaques in the brain, and TBI causes large increases in the prevalence of amyloids and their precursors. Thing is, most of the research I've seen focuses on the risk of developing AD at some point in the future. What about when it's already present?

If a patient with AD suffered a TBI, would you expect it to affect the progression of the disease? -Is anyone aware of any research to this effect?

submitted by /u/Flying_madman
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What is the smallest animal that can hear?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 06:12 AM PDT

Can bugs hear? What is the smallest animal that can hear? Does hearing come with certain dangers when you're that small?

submitted by /u/Tegrng
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Invertebrate muscle physiology seems so counter-intuitive. What am I missing?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 08:35 AM PDT

I can't seem to find enough information on the muscle physiology and biochemistry of invertebrates. I'd like to know firstly, what contractile proteins their muscle fibers use. Do they use similar proteins to the actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin or do they use a completely different system altogether?

Secondly, where do their muscle fibers originate and insert? They don't have a skeleton or cartilage or tendons, so how do the muscle fibers find leverage? If the exoskeleton is the answer, then still, how do their muscles gain leverage if both attachment points are to the same structure?

Based on this then, thirdly, how is invertebrate muscular strength so much higher as a proportion of body weight when compared to their vertebrate cousins? Why can an ant lift 40 times its own body weight over its head but a lion can't push a 7-tonne lorry?

Any links would be fine.

submitted by /u/Jaffaraza
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Do electric and hybrid car batteries become useless within a few years just as cell phone and laptop batteries do? Is this a common problem in their case? How expensive is the change?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 04:14 AM PDT

I'm really interested in this and would like an informed answer.

submitted by /u/fuelefficienthelp
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If magma is a viscous, then shouldn't the plates resting on top of the mantle be shifting more violently?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 08:39 AM PDT

For sake of analogy, if I were to put a pizza crust on top of a plate of applesauce ,it would be very unstable and would move around constantly with even the slightest touch.

submitted by /u/rkrause
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Why is electricity dangerous?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 06:44 AM PDT

What's This Structural Grid In the Eye Of Africa? (Richat Structure, Mauritania)

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 05:14 AM PDT

There's a group of nearly perfectly spaced circular depressions typically ranging from 280-320 ft apart, spanning from 21.207151, -11.419889 to 21.212295, -11.432566, and there are over 60 of them altogether.

I don't see this occurring anywhere else in the region, and I don't think it's a satellite imagery bug due to several of the sites not lining up with the grid formation or distances, but I'm no Geospatial Analyst.

Some people claim that the Richat Structure is what used to be Atlantis before the volcanic activity, but I have my reservations on that notion.

Any ideas on what those structures might be?

submitted by /u/f__ckyourhappiness
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Is bit-rot (magnetic decay/reversal) in conventional HDDs real? Does data "fade" after a long period of unuse?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 09:57 AM PDT

Few years back I was reading something and someone mentioned the theory of "bit rot", that over time, the magnetic domains on a platter would randomly flip. This lead me on a research hunt, which unfortunately didn't really turn up anything solid in terms of fact. There is plenty of scientific basis for the theory, namely superparamagnetism, but nothing definitive on the subject of hard drives. The most in detail discussion I've seen is from this subreddit, this post. Top comment claims that average time for a bit to flip is 10 years. I find this hard to believe, as recently I powered up an old hard drive that, I think, hadn't been powered on for ~10 years. Maybe it had been powered on in this time, or maybe I was extremely lucky? I ran a full surface scan and it was all green.

Like I said, I can find lots of information on superparamagnetism, but nothing in the context of hard drives. There's not been any studies done, which makes sense as hard drives are frequently cycled and aren't considered long term in that sense. So I'm wondering if anyone here has any knowledge / experience on the topic. I'm not talking about physical damage to the platters, I'm specifically talking "magnetic decay" or whatever it is/isn't!

submitted by /u/JackOfAllDrives
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If there were two moons, would nights be noticeably brighter?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 05:28 AM PDT

Would we be able to see easier at night with two moons?

submitted by /u/Zei33
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How and why do we wake up?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 05:41 AM PDT

Certain animals have abilities, how are these abilities transferred to a new generation?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 07:34 AM PDT

Example: humans can outrun any (land)animal because they can regain energy whilst running, or a type of jellyfish that can return to a younger stadium not every animal can do that, but why can these animals? Is it coded into their DNA? It has to be for DNA is mostly responsible for different animals being different right? But isn't DNA responsible just for making proteïns? (I don't that's the right translation, stupid google translate)

submitted by /u/BurningDemon
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How do localized allergies occur?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 07:10 AM PDT

Just like the the title says, apparently things like celery allergies in central Europe and peanut allergies in America are isolated conditions. My question is how do these allergies develop in a population, and is it a cultural or geographical phenomenon?

submitted by /u/KonigDerFinsternis
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Do alergic babies in the womb have a reaction to food their mother eats?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 05:17 AM PDT

Can a baby have food allergies in the womb?And if so can the mother eating these foods cause a reaction in the baby?

submitted by /u/JarvisVonTrapp
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Saturday, November 3, 2018

If you jump into a volcano filled with flaming hot magma would you splash or splat?

If you jump into a volcano filled with flaming hot magma would you splash or splat?


If you jump into a volcano filled with flaming hot magma would you splash or splat?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 12:37 AM PDT

What do the "real" versions of other gauge bosons do?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 03:24 AM PDT

I have no real education in particle physics, I'm just an interested layman. I've asked this question around in the past but I've never received a direct answer.

So, real photons are emitted by charged particles and travel space until they're absorbed by something else, right? I can turn a light bulb on and real photons will travel from the filament into my eye and I can see that.

Virtual photons aren't really photons at all. They're just something that comes out of the maths when you're dealing with electrical fields. They're related to charged particles in a similar way to real photons, but they're something different.

But when I read about gluons and W and Z bosons, I only every see them discussed in terms of virtual particles. My question is, are there such things as "real" gluons, W bosons and Z bosons? If so, how do they get produced? Can nucleons emit real gluons to lose energy where do they go? Is there such thing as a Z-Boson Bulb, that I can turn on to emit real Z-Bosons? Can these real bosons be used for any practical purpose? Sorry if this is a stupid question, it's just something that's been perplexing me for a while.

As a bonus question, what does science say about the differences between real and virtual gravitons?

Thanks for your answers.

submitted by /u/tastyfurrypig
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What is the difference between Total Heavy Metal testing and Extractable Heavy Metal testing?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 06:24 AM PDT

I'm received some textile results back and I need to explain the results to my team. Any help is appreciated! Thank!

submitted by /u/mfishing
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If I have never taken antibiotics in my life, does antibiotic resistance not affect me?

Posted: 03 Nov 2018 02:30 AM PDT

Does antibiotic resistance apply to my body or to the whole world?

If I take courses of antibiotics, will the bacteria in my body "remember" it? E.g., is there a limited amount of antibiotic courses I can take in my life as an individual, each time weakening my body? Or is it simply, bacteria in the whole world is becoming resistant to antibiotics, and therefore I shouldn't take it if I don't need to.

submitted by /u/nikke1234
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Can we explicitly see what Atomic and Subatomic particles exactly look like, Such as Atoms, Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, Quarks, etc, And if so, Are there any images of them?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 12:21 PM PDT

So, I am just a high schooler with little to no advanced scientific knowledge of topics such as this. However, I am incredibly fascinated with them, and I know we do have advanced telescopes which can actually look at atoms and other particles, But do we have any actual clear images of what they look like? I have seen an image of an atom before (I think?), and I have seen that really cool video of a moving electron riding a light wave, but is there any more than that? Like videos or images of quarks and other particles?

(Sorry if this is a really simple question, but I am incredibly fascinated with this and have little to no experience in this subject. Thanks, AskScience!)

submitted by /u/BurntShooter
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Why does tickeling make us laugh?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 01:00 PM PDT

What happens on an atomic or molecular scale to create viscosity in liquid?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 09:40 AM PDT

Also, what is the most viscous liquid known?

submitted by /u/unixeth
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From an EE perspective, is an LED at all similar to an antenna?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 05:15 PM PDT

I was just pondering how antennas, whether they be directional, omni-directional, or semi-directional are just like flashlights throwing EM waves at certain frequencies, usually radio or microwave, into space.

And then it occurred to me to wonder - isn't an LED doing the same thing, just within the range of frequencies of visible light?

So it occurs to me to ask, what similarities are there, if any, in terms of electrical design and mechanism of operation, between a light-emitting diode and a radio or microwave antenna?

I don't think this comparison applies to incandescent lights, because I believe they work via black-body radiation, but maybe I'm wrong and they are also comparable? Is the current applied to an antenna simply heating it to the appropriate temperature to create the desired frequency of black-body radiation?

Basically I'm just brainstorming as to what are the common threads between all of these physical concepts that function as EM sources.

submitted by /u/ZippyDan
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An electron entering a magnetic field perpendicularly will undergo circular motion. This would mean it experiences centripetal acceleration, and this emit radiation. Does this mean its radius is not fixed?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 08:25 AM PDT

I encountered a physics textbook deriving an equation to find the radius of curvature for a charged particle entering a perpendicular magnetic field. It equated centripetal force (mv2 / r) with magnetic force (qvB) and rearranged to arrive at r = mv/qB. I thought that an accelerating charge emits EMR, meaning it loses energy, thus it's radius increases. How would this formula hold?

EDIT: syntax

submitted by /u/Vilegun
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How was francium discovered?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 10:17 PM PDT

How are precision measuring instruments calibrated?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 08:49 AM PDT

How does the Earth's rotation and orbit of the sun affect gravity (if at all)?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 07:13 AM PDT

I've been arguing with some flat earthers recently (because it's how I relax), and one thing they commonly bring up is "how is gravity weak enough for a bird to beat but strong enough to hold everything down as we're spinning around the sun - shouldn't centripetal force pull it away?"

I think I've got some ideas, but I am 100% not a scientist, I'm just a musician, and so figured I'd ask the fine people of r/askscience instead.

submitted by /u/DemosthenesKey
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[medicine/chemistry] Drug names... how do they work?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 11:32 PM PDT

Now I understand that there are the chemical names e.g.: N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]propan-1-amine. And the generic names e.g. Fluoxetine. And lastly the brand names e.g. prozac.

But I want to know 3 things:

How is the generic name chosen?

How is a very complicated name like N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]propan-1-amine formed from a somewhat simple molecule of C17H18F3NO?
And lastly how are you supposed to pronounce/read a name like that? (chemical name)

submitted by /u/Ashencloud
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Does scar tissue out perform its replaces tissue in anyway?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 11:05 PM PDT

I've been intrigued with biology recently and one thing I've found rather interesting was scar tissue seems to be objectively worse in every way, but if that's the case then why would our bodies use it? Is it just simply easier to produce and replicate?

submitted by /u/ZeCoziii
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Why is there no life thriving in high altitudes?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 02:26 AM PDT

We have animals on the ground, below water at extreme depths, but why is there no life high up where planes usually cruise?

submitted by /u/ApatShe
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What’s the science behind a stuffed nose? What is its purpose and how does it occur?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 07:16 PM PDT

What is the difference between the Phenomenological MSSM (pMSSM) and the Constrained MSSM (cMSSM)?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 07:37 AM PDT

MSSM meaning minimal supersymmetric standard model of course.

submitted by /u/Franzvst
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Do wild animals get bored? This excludes pets

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 08:05 PM PDT

So i saw a similar post where the general consensus was un-stimulate pets can get bored, but i'm wondering about those fish that sit on the bottom of the ocean for hours waiting to strike

submitted by /u/Rowdyyrockstar
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Friday, November 2, 2018

How does alcohol suppress the immune system?

How does alcohol suppress the immune system?


How does alcohol suppress the immune system?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 07:01 AM PDT

The fundamental unit of electrical energy is the photon, not the electron? - "Misconceptions Spread By Textbooks for Electricity"

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 07:15 PM PDT

I found this resource "Misconceptions Spread By Textbooks for Electricity".

I've read through it all and it says a lot of interesting stuff that I cannot confirm, one of which is the title. I can't ask just one question as they are all related, so I will provide some statements from it, so that you can hopefully tell me if they are legit.

How accurate is this resource? How accurate are these statements? It goes against everything I've learned.

  • Electric current is NOT a flow of energy, it is actually a flow of matter. ELECTRIC CHARGES are a physical substance. ELECTRIC ENERGY is a wave that travels via a column of charge. ELECTRIC CURRENT is a flowing motion of the charge already present.

  • "Charge" is the stuff inside wires, but usually nobody tells you that ALL METALS are full of charge. Always. A hunk of metal is like a tank full of water, and the "water" is the movable electric charge inside it. In physics classes we call this "the electron sea" or even "electric fluid." This charge is part of all metals. In copper, the electric fluid is the outer electrons of all the copper atoms. The movable charge-stuff within metals gives them their silvery color. We could even say that charge-stuff is like a silver liquid (at least it is silver when it's in metals.)

  • Amperes Are Not a Flow of Energy. The joules of energy flow ONE WAY, down BOTH wires. The battery created them, and the light bulb consumed them. This was not a circular flow. The energy went from battery to bulb, and none returned. At the same time, the charge-stuff flowed slowly in a circle within the ring. There you have the difference between amperes and watts. The coulombs flow slowly in a circle, while the joules flow rapidly from an "energy source" to an "energy sink". Amperes are slow and circular, while watts are fast and one-way. Amperes are a flow of copper charges, while watts are a flow of energy created by a battery or generator. But WHAT ARE JOULES? That's where the electromagnetism comes in. When joules of energy are flying between the battery and the bulb, they are made of fields. The energy is partly made up of magnetic fields surrounding the wires. It is also made from the electric fields which extend between the two wires. The electrical ENERGY flows in the space around the wires, while the electric CURRENT flows inside the wires.

  • The charge-stuff flows extremely slowly through the wires, slower than centimeters per minute. Amperes are an extremely slow, circular flow. Inside the wires, the "something" moves very, very slowly, almost as slowly as the minute hand on a clock. Electric current is like slowly flowing water inside a hose. Very slow, so perhaps a flow of syrup. Even maple syrup moves too fast, so that's not a good analogy. Electric charges typically flow as slowly as a river of warm putty. And in AC circuits, the moving charges don't move forward at all, instead they sit in one place and vibrate. Energy can only flow rapidly in an electric circuit because metals are already filled with this "putty." If we push on one end of a column of putty, the far end moves almost instantly. Energy flows fast, yet an electric current is a very slow flow.

  • What then is electrical energy? It has another name: electromagnetism. Electrical energy is the same stuff as radio waves and light. It is composed of magnetic fields and electrostatic fields. A joule of radio waves is the same as a joule of electrical energy. How is electric current different than energy flow? Let's take our copper ring again; the one with the battery and the light bulb. The battery injects joules of energy into the ring, and the light bulb takes them out again. Joules of energy flow between the battery and the bulb. They flow at nearly the speed of light, and if we stretch our ring until it's thousands of miles long, the light bulb will still turn off immediately when the battery is removed. Well, not IMMEDIATELY. There will still be some joules moving along the wires, so the bulb will stay on for a tiny fraction of a second, until all the energy arrives. Remove the battery, and the light bulb goes dark ALMOST instantly.

submitted by /u/8483
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what are strings in string theory?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 03:52 AM PDT

I was reading this article https://brainspacescience.blogspot.com/2018/11/what-are-strings-in-string-theory.html. where I came to understand that the whole is depending on some kind of vibrating string. I am a computer science student, but I want to ask that is it really true that everything we see is made up of some vibrating string. and also one more thing that I know that there 3 dimension. everything we see is in 3 dimensions, but why string theory talks about 9d or 11d? what are those extra dimension in the string theory? geeks please help me understand. if this is mathematical construct, how they are helping us to understand the universe?

submitted by /u/badassbilla
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Could our universe actually have 4 spatial dimensions, but our local area of space just be perfectly lined up on a 4-dimensional plane?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 05:42 PM PDT

Perhaps this "lining up" could happen through a similar mechanism to what causes a star system to be pretty much flat, or simply by random chance.

Whatever the reason, if I understand the math of such a situation correctly (center of mass of every object is on the same 4-dimensional plane, and the initial velocities of every object are also limited to that plane), then no collision between any objects could lead to getting "knocked out" of that 4-dimensional plane.

For example, when you simulate 2d physics for a game, you don't need to consider the third dimension at all - every object in the game is lined up on the same 2d plane, so no collision can lead to an object changing its 3rd coordinate in such a way that it leaves the 2d plane. To observers living in such a space, everything would seem to work as if there are only 2 spatial dimensions.

I'm not really sure how the length of objects along this extra dimension affects things, in a game things can have no thickness at all and be perfectly flat, so perhaps in the real world some of the mass of every lined up object would have to be symmetrically spread out on both sides of the plane.

At the same time, if other areas weren't lined up like this, objects would seem to appear out of nowhere and disappear into nothingness, but we could also be pulled out of alignment by these objects if gravity worked normally along all 4 dimensions, because it extends indefinitely.

Just a funny sci-fi idea that's been bouncing around in my head for a while now, but I'm not sure if something in physics would break if it were true. So the TL;DR of this question is whether anything in physics depends on our universe having no more and no less than 3 spatial dimensions.

submitted by /u/Tattek
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What causes chapped lips and how does lip balm help?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 02:29 PM PDT

Like how reflective index is c÷n, is there a formula which connects the gravitational field of an object and the time experienced on that object, for example in a black hole?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 09:22 PM PDT

Let's say we're in a black hole. Massive gravitational field strength, to the point that even light cannot escape and time slows down. Is there a formula connecting these 2 variables?

Edit: if it is as compared to in a vacuum with no affecting gravitational field for example

submitted by /u/TheBroDingo
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I always see representations of how bees see the word or how birds see the world etc. How do we know what and how other creatures see?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 08:40 AM PDT

What exactly is an inertial platform?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 09:37 PM PDT

While trying to understand gyroscopes and it's applications, I've come across this term several times. Is it as simple as a platform with a gyroscope? Thanks for the help.

submitted by /u/kaaaaal
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What makes glass reflective?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 12:17 PM PDT

Why does the strong nuclear force switch?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 01:14 PM PDT

Why does the strong nuclear force switch from being a repulsive force close up to being an attractive one? In terms someone who hasn't done any physics in a decade can understand please.

submitted by /u/satrapofebernari
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How do Orangutans teach their young how to survive and pass skills through the generations if they can’t talk?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 07:51 AM PDT

I was watching a documentary and learned that orangutans pass down vital skills to the next generation, such as shelter construction and climbing. How does this work, or another way, in what manner do they communicate to teach these skills?

submitted by /u/Parisean
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[Economics] If my country (Canada) switched to a 4 day work week, or a 6 hour work day, would prices for things like food and gas go down?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 06:56 AM PDT

I've heard lots of talk and research about the benefits of a 4 day 8 hour work week, or a 5 day 6 hour week. If the whole country switched to this would wages have to go up to compensate, or would the price of everything drop because everyone is getting paid less?

submitted by /u/PlatinumDice
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My understanding is that electrons repel due to exchange of photons and conservation of momentum. If this is the case, how do they attract? Or is my initial understanding just way off?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 10:25 AM PDT