How does alcohol suppress the immune system?

How does alcohol suppress the immune system?
The fundamental unit of electrical energy is the photon, not the electron? - "Misconceptions Spread By Textbooks for Electricity"
what are strings in string theory?
Could our universe actually have 4 spatial dimensions, but our local area of space just be perfectly lined up on a 4-dimensional plane?
What causes chapped lips and how does lip balm help?
Like how reflective index is c÷n, is there a formula which connects the gravitational field of an object and the time experienced on that object, for example in a black hole?
I always see representations of how bees see the word or how birds see the world etc. How do we know what and how other creatures see?
What exactly is an inertial platform?
What makes glass reflective?
Why does the strong nuclear force switch?
How do Orangutans teach their young how to survive and pass skills through the generations if they can’t talk?
[Economics] If my country (Canada) switched to a 4 day work week, or a 6 hour work day, would prices for things like food and gas go down?
My understanding is that electrons repel due to exchange of photons and conservation of momentum. If this is the case, how do they attract? Or is my initial understanding just way off?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 07:01 AM PDT

submitted by /u/numquamsolus
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The fundamental unit of electrical energy is the photon, not the electron? - "Misconceptions Spread By Textbooks for Electricity"

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 07:15 PM PDT

I found this resource "Misconceptions Spread By Textbooks for Electricity".

I've read through it all and it says a lot of interesting stuff that I cannot confirm, one of which is the title. I can't ask just one question as they are all related, so I will provide some statements from it, so that you can hopefully tell me if they are legit.

How accurate is this resource? How accurate are these statements? It goes against everything I've learned.

Electric current is NOT a flow of energy, it is actually a flow of matter. ELECTRIC CHARGES are a physical substance. ELECTRIC ENERGY is a wave that travels via a column of charge. ELECTRIC CURRENT is a flowing motion of the charge already present.
"Charge" is the stuff inside wires, but usually nobody tells you that ALL METALS are full of charge. Always. A hunk of metal is like a tank full of water, and the "water" is the movable electric charge inside it. In physics classes we call this "the electron sea" or even "electric fluid." This charge is part of all metals. In copper, the electric fluid is the outer electrons of all the copper atoms. The movable charge-stuff within metals gives them their silvery color. We could even say that charge-stuff is like a silver liquid (at least it is silver when it's in metals.)
Amperes Are Not a Flow of Energy. The joules of energy flow ONE WAY, down BOTH wires. The battery created them, and the light bulb consumed them. This was not a circular flow. The energy went from battery to bulb, and none returned. At the same time, the charge-stuff flowed slowly in a circle within the ring. There you have the difference between amperes and watts. The coulombs flow slowly in a circle, while the joules flow rapidly from an "energy source" to an "energy sink". Amperes are slow and circular, while watts are fast and one-way. Amperes are a flow of copper charges, while watts are a flow of energy created by a battery or generator. But WHAT ARE JOULES? That's where the electromagnetism comes in. When joules of energy are flying between the battery and the bulb, they are made of fields. The energy is partly made up of magnetic fields surrounding the wires. It is also made from the electric fields which extend between the two wires. The electrical ENERGY flows in the space around the wires, while the electric CURRENT flows inside the wires.
The charge-stuff flows extremely slowly through the wires, slower than centimeters per minute. Amperes are an extremely slow, circular flow. Inside the wires, the "something" moves very, very slowly, almost as slowly as the minute hand on a clock. Electric current is like slowly flowing water inside a hose. Very slow, so perhaps a flow of syrup. Even maple syrup moves too fast, so that's not a good analogy. Electric charges typically flow as slowly as a river of warm putty. And in AC circuits, the moving charges don't move forward at all, instead they sit in one place and vibrate. Energy can only flow rapidly in an electric circuit because metals are already filled with this "putty." If we push on one end of a column of putty, the far end moves almost instantly. Energy flows fast, yet an electric current is a very slow flow.
What then is electrical energy? It has another name: electromagnetism. Electrical energy is the same stuff as radio waves and light. It is composed of magnetic fields and electrostatic fields. A joule of radio waves is the same as a joule of electrical energy. How is electric current different than energy flow? Let's take our copper ring again; the one with the battery and the light bulb. The battery injects joules of energy into the ring, and the light bulb takes them out again. Joules of energy flow between the battery and the bulb. They flow at nearly the speed of light, and if we stretch our ring until it's thousands of miles long, the light bulb will still turn off immediately when the battery is removed. Well, not IMMEDIATELY. There will still be some joules moving along the wires, so the bulb will stay on for a tiny fraction of a second, until all the energy arrives. Remove the battery, and the light bulb goes dark ALMOST instantly.

submitted by /u/8483
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what are strings in string theory?

Posted: 02 Nov 2018 03:52 AM PDT

I was reading this article https://brainspacescience.blogspot.com/2018/11/what-are-strings-in-string-theory.html. where I came to understand that the whole is depending on some kind of vibrating string. I am a computer science student, but I want to ask that is it really true that everything we see is made up of some vibrating string. and also one more thing that I know that there 3 dimension. everything we see is in 3 dimensions, but why string theory talks about 9d or 11d? what are those extra dimension in the string theory? geeks please help me understand. if this is mathematical construct, how they are helping us to understand the universe?

submitted by /u/badassbilla
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Could our universe actually have 4 spatial dimensions, but our local area of space just be perfectly lined up on a 4-dimensional plane?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 05:42 PM PDT

Perhaps this "lining up" could happen through a similar mechanism to what causes a star system to be pretty much flat, or simply by random chance.

Whatever the reason, if I understand the math of such a situation correctly (center of mass of every object is on the same 4-dimensional plane, and the initial velocities of every object are also limited to that plane), then no collision between any objects could lead to getting "knocked out" of that 4-dimensional plane.

For example, when you simulate 2d physics for a game, you don't need to consider the third dimension at all - every object in the game is lined up on the same 2d plane, so no collision can lead to an object changing its 3rd coordinate in such a way that it leaves the 2d plane. To observers living in such a space, everything would seem to work as if there are only 2 spatial dimensions.

I'm not really sure how the length of objects along this extra dimension affects things, in a game things can have no thickness at all and be perfectly flat, so perhaps in the real world some of the mass of every lined up object would have to be symmetrically spread out on both sides of the plane.

At the same time, if other areas weren't lined up like this, objects would seem to appear out of nowhere and disappear into nothingness, but we could also be pulled out of alignment by these objects if gravity worked normally along all 4 dimensions, because it extends indefinitely.

Just a funny sci-fi idea that's been bouncing around in my head for a while now, but I'm not sure if something in physics would break if it were true. So the TL;DR of this question is whether anything in physics depends on our universe having no more and no less than 3 spatial dimensions.

submitted by /u/Tattek
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What causes chapped lips and how does lip balm help?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 02:29 PM PDT

submitted by /u/walt02cl
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Like how reflective index is c÷n, is there a formula which connects the gravitational field of an object and the time experienced on that object, for example in a black hole?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 09:22 PM PDT

Let's say we're in a black hole. Massive gravitational field strength, to the point that even light cannot escape and time slows down. Is there a formula connecting these 2 variables?

Edit: if it is as compared to in a vacuum with no affecting gravitational field for example

submitted by /u/TheBroDingo
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I always see representations of how bees see the word or how birds see the world etc. How do we know what and how other creatures see?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 08:40 AM PDT

submitted by /u/Lettuce-b-lovely
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What exactly is an inertial platform?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 09:37 PM PDT

While trying to understand gyroscopes and it's applications, I've come across this term several times. Is it as simple as a platform with a gyroscope? Thanks for the help.

submitted by /u/kaaaaal
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What makes glass reflective?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 12:17 PM PDT

submitted by /u/RugbyandMorty
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Why does the strong nuclear force switch?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 01:14 PM PDT

Why does the strong nuclear force switch from being a repulsive force close up to being an attractive one? In terms someone who hasn't done any physics in a decade can understand please.

submitted by /u/satrapofebernari
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How do Orangutans teach their young how to survive and pass skills through the generations if they can’t talk?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 07:51 AM PDT

I was watching a documentary and learned that orangutans pass down vital skills to the next generation, such as shelter construction and climbing. How does this work, or another way, in what manner do they communicate to teach these skills?

submitted by /u/Parisean
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[Economics] If my country (Canada) switched to a 4 day work week, or a 6 hour work day, would prices for things like food and gas go down?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 06:56 AM PDT

I've heard lots of talk and research about the benefits of a 4 day 8 hour work week, or a 5 day 6 hour week. If the whole country switched to this would wages have to go up to compensate, or would the price of everything drop because everyone is getting paid less?

submitted by /u/PlatinumDice
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My understanding is that electrons repel due to exchange of photons and conservation of momentum. If this is the case, how do they attract? Or is my initial understanding just way off?

Posted: 01 Nov 2018 10:25 AM PDT

submitted by /u/grkirchhoff
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