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Saturday, October 27, 2018

Why don't single engine planes roll in the opposite direction the propellor is turning, similar to helicopters with no tail rotor?

Why don't single engine planes roll in the opposite direction the propellor is turning, similar to helicopters with no tail rotor?


Why don't single engine planes roll in the opposite direction the propellor is turning, similar to helicopters with no tail rotor?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 10:36 AM PDT

A helicopter requires a tail rotor because otherwise it would spin in the opposite direction.

How do single engine planes cope with that problem? I'm asking specifically about single engine planes because the mechanics of 2+ engines are different, as the engines aren't located at the roll axis of the plane but instead, they're on the wings.

submitted by /u/ButtFlapMan
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How does a laptop computer display advertisements on a social media site, which are products searched for on a mobile phone, that does not have any email or social media accounts active on it?

Posted: 27 Oct 2018 12:34 AM PDT

yesterday i was in front of the television and i did a search on my phone for a white dressing table - i have just logged onto my computer and a social media site has the exact same dressing tables as i was looking at yesterday- my phone doesn't have any social media or emails on it - how does this happen?

submitted by /u/alterlightone
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How do bats and other creatures that hang upside down for prolonged periods not risk their blood rushing to their heads?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 11:29 AM PDT

Do Weddell seals echolocate?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 10:07 PM PDT

Weddell Seals make eerie, otherworldly vocalizations when underwater (and above). It sounds very purposeful, but it's unclear whether they're making these noises for the sake of navigation, or if they're simply communicating with other seals. I'm finding a lot of contradictory information in my searches. Are there any seal biologists who could help me out?

submitted by /u/croc_lobster
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Is there still any category-1 SNM at the Chernobyl sight, or has it been completely cleaned up? It would seem rather dangerous to open the plant as a tourist attraction with something so dangerous just lying there.

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 05:03 PM PDT

Why is it that the deepest parts of the ocean can get down to -2 degrees Celsius, without freezing at 0 Celsius?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 09:55 AM PDT

Is it possible to measure the change in concentration of a reaction from a change in temperature of the reaction?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 09:42 AM PDT

I have a neutralization reaction of 10mL 1M HCl and 10mL 1M NaOH, and I measured the temperature of the solution and the reaction. I have the initial change in temperature at ∆1.6˚C/s. Is it possible to convert the change in temperature of reaction to a change in the concentration of a reaction? If so, how?

submitted by /u/RealMHLee03
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How is it possible for a nuclear power plant's capacity factor to be over 100%?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 11:05 AM PDT

I am sifting through the USNRC's dataset on power reactors, and I noticed that in 2017 some reactors (Surry Power Station Unit 1, Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station,Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station Unit 2, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant Unit 2) had capacity factors in the range of 101-113%.

is this a data error or is there some way to explain this? I am not a nuclear engineer, just a budding data analyst.

submitted by /u/BradleyPublic
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What exactly is this property that things have called 'momentum'?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 06:02 AM PDT

When I started studying classical mechanics, momentum was mass x velocity. Later I learned that Newton's second law was actually expressed as force being proportional to the the rate of change of momentum, which mathematically I'm happy with if you accept as momentum = mv.

This is especially true when I also learned that term impulse is the change in momentum and again thinking in classical terms I can see that something that is massive and travelling fast has greater energy than something less massive or slower - hence impulse is larger or smaller in collisions.

However when I read about the quantum world momentum seems to be a much more basic attribute that either mass or velocity. So:

  • What exactly is momentum at it's core?
  • Where does it originate in terms of building blocks?
  • And why is it so fundemental to our universe that laws are expressed in it.

edit. looking at the the classical energy equation 1/2 mv2 - this is an integration of mv, This makes me think that perhaps momentum is perhaps a component of energy? Is this just nonsense?

submitted by /u/extra_specticles
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Is there a specific number of equal-length pendulums that produces the most "chaotic" behavior when linked together (e.g., a triple pendulum)? How would the chaos be compared?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 05:04 PM PDT

I noticed that adding more pendulums to a system makes it look more chaotic (I'm not sure how to measure that), but at some point, the behavior of the entire system seems less chaotic in terms of the overall shape of the chain.

I looked up this 100-pendulum video, and it looks like larger numbers of pendulums exhibit behavior that is closer to that of a string let loose without any resistance. However, this is also just for one starting state.

For lack of better words to describe this, is there a way to describe how chaotic a dynamic system is, and if it can be used to compare different n-pendulum systems?

submitted by /u/antirabbit
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Does a tectonic plate only move in one direction at a time, or can parts of it move in different directions simultaneously? Wouldn't this break them down into smaller plates?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 10:22 AM PDT

This image on Wikipedia is confusing, since it seems that different sides of a plate can move in different directions. Can someone explain this?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics#/media/File:Plates_tect2_en.svg

submitted by /u/monkeeeeee
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How long does an atmosphere usually take to develop?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 10:18 AM PDT

For the sake of creative writing: If all the planets in the galaxy suddenly lost their atmospheres, how long would it take for them to form again? I would imagine that volcanic, active planets would develop atmospheres faster than quiet, cooler planets due to all the gasses they expell. Is there a range of time I could use?

Bonus question: What would it look like to be on earth with no atmosphere? I imagine the sky wouldn't be so blue, but would you see the stars? Would they get drowned out by the sun?

submitted by /u/Spartan2005
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Why do things only burn in high atmosphere?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 11:32 AM PDT

You see things like rockets and meteorites with burning trails when they first enter the atmosphere but not when they get lower. I get that it's the friction but wouldn't there be less friction that high up with the atmosphere being less dense?

submitted by /u/PandaKing185
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Why do some galaxies form spirals?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 04:45 AM PDT

Why not just a uniform circle shape?

submitted by /u/Heptagonalhippo
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What is the “spin” of an electron?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 03:01 AM PDT

First of all, I have absolutely no education in quantum physics whatsoever. I imagine the spin of an electron like a planet rotating on its axis, if the orbital is complete, one electron clockwise and the other anti clockwise. The problem with this reasoning is that it only work with a 2 dimensional orbit, if we think of electrons like small balls rotating, for example in a sphere/ orbital s then there is not a clockwise and anti clockwise.

submitted by /u/iKeyvier
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Can somebody explain to me how a Penrose diagram works?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 09:23 AM PDT

Wikipedia is only confusing me more on this. All I can get is that it's used to explain the relationship between space and time, and is drawn in such a way as to make each axes represent infinite space/time.

submitted by /u/Audrey_spino
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What is the weather like in other planets? Do they have storms and tornadoes like we do? Do they have equivalents?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 08:51 AM PDT

Friday, October 26, 2018

(Chemistry) Why do the orbitals of an atom only hold a certain amount of electrons?

(Chemistry) Why do the orbitals of an atom only hold a certain amount of electrons?


(Chemistry) Why do the orbitals of an atom only hold a certain amount of electrons?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 09:19 PM PDT

I tried asking my 8th grade science teacher but she just said because it just is that way. Can someone give me an actual answer?

submitted by /u/Astronomytwin
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How does physical exercise reduce the risk of getting cancer?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 12:38 PM PDT

How does light "slow down" in materials with an index of refraction higher than 1 if light always moves at the speed of light?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 05:26 PM PDT

Why do electrical arcs produce their signature buzzing sound?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 06:34 PM PDT

Why are position and momentum related by Fourier Transform?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 04:41 AM PDT

For the context, here is a brief description of my understanding level -

  1. I understand De Broglie Theorem and that momentum is inversely proportional to wavelength.
  2. I understand the rough idea behind Schrodinger equation
  3. I understand Fourier Transform and how Fourier transform can result in the Uncertainity principle.
  4. I have formal background in Computer Science, so I am reasonably competent with mathematics and physics but definitely inferior to the level of any good graduate student in Physics.

I want to understand why the Heisenberg Uncertainity Principle is true and although, I feel like I am being thick headed or something, I really cannot figure out how we went from momentum is inversely proportional to wavelength to the Uncertainity principle. The most common answer is that it results in position and momentum being linked by Fourier transform, but I fail to make the jump. Does it come from Schrodinger equation or is it more fundamental than that?

I would be really thankful if you can add some comments.

submitted by /u/QuotheFan
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Has anyone ever pin-pointed the geographic north/south pole, and would it be possible to walk/sail around it in a tiny circle to see a compass needle change continuously?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 03:48 AM PDT

Bonus related question; is it known if antarctic explorers have had to adjust for their proximity to the magnetic pole when venturing inland and mapping out the regions?

submitted by /u/ElisaKristiansen
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What is the most common type of planet ?

Posted: 26 Oct 2018 01:42 AM PDT

What is the most common type among the observed planets in the universe ( Rocky, gas giants, other that I don't know about) or are they uniformly found.

submitted by /u/Metatonic
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How do astronomers identify gravitational lenses?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 11:21 PM PDT

Do they just look for distortions in the galaxies shapes? how do we know then that the distortion is caused by a mass altering space-time in front of the galaxy and not because the galaxy really has that distorted shape?

I am asking this because looking at the two lenses in the bullet cluster, I can clearly see the 'small' lens on the right cluster but not so well the bigger one on the left cluster (see this image of the bullet cluster without the typical coloring for reference)

edit: of course, I'm not saying that astronomers are making things up and seeing lenses where there is nothing. I'm just curious about what techniques can be used to stablish that in a certain region of space this effect takes place.

submitted by /u/juansinmiedo
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Is it possible for a planet to be hit by another object (e.g. astroid, another planet) and get split in the middle as a result?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 10:53 AM PDT

If it is possible, what would happen to the planet (say, Earth) besides being cut in half?

submitted by /u/TrippinOnCheese
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How long would it take the air currents from a butterfly to noticeably alter large-scale weather?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 02:54 PM PDT

I've often heard the phrase "butterfly effect" to imply that a single butterfly could eventually alter the weather. Given that weather is a chaotic system this seems plausible. But how long would it take for the effect to make a noticeable difference?

submitted by /u/-Metacelsus-
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Theoretically, if lightning were to strike in a sandstorm, could it rain glass?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 10:02 AM PDT

Would lightning cause this much of a change in the sand?

submitted by /u/FotzeGotze
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How does intelligence work with physical brain size?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 08:36 AM PDT

Context: I am very small; I'm 4' 10.75" and 95 pounds. I'm only 70% of the average size person. Therefore everything is smaller including things like organ size and cranial volume.

So that said, why is it I'm equally intelligent as someone who's 6 feet and a healthy 160-180 pounds? If the average human brain is about 3 pounds and mine is closer to 2 pounds then why is my intelligence unchanged?

submitted by /u/OldManOaks
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Do animals get cavities?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 01:08 PM PDT

If red and violet are on oposite ends of the color spectrum, why does it appear to flow naturally into one another on a color wheel?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 07:35 AM PDT

What is the relationship between sex chromosomes and physical sex, in animals that change sex?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 10:44 AM PDT

Thinking about those fish that change from female to male when they reach a certain weight, or the sea slugs that fight with their penises until one get broken off and it turns female, how does their sex relate to whether they have XX or XY chromosomes?

Is the sperm-producing fish genetically male and the egg-producing slug genetically female?

submitted by /u/Roxygen1
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Why do people with asthma's bronchi constrict when performing physical activity?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 08:08 AM PDT

During physical activity, it is my understanding that the sympathetic nervous system causes bronchodilation to allow greater uptake of oxygen from the atmosphere. So why is it the opposite in people with sports-induced asthma??

submitted by /u/rolensmash
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What are some forestry management and public policy best practices to minimize the damage caused by wildfires?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 09:55 AM PDT

I have a sheet of plastic-like material that is claimed to be polyetherimide. I suspect it may be polycarbonate. How can I check?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 11:03 AM PDT

I recently bought a sheet of material that was claimed to be PEI. As people who are into 3D printing know, PEI (Polyetherimide) is renowned for its qualities as a build surface (namely, it helps prints adhere extremely easily).

I bought a smaller sheet of PEI before, from a different company, and that seems to adhere prints extremely well. This new sheet of "PEI", doesn't seem to hold prints well at all.

I'd like to try to test if this sheet is actually PEI (and if it is, I would hope not to entirely destroy it, but if it's PC instead, I'm fine with it being destroyed). Given the price paid, I suspect that it is a fake. I'm a hobbyist and thus don't believe I have access to an IR spectrometer, but if there are common ways to get access to one, I'd love to know. Alternatively, are there simpler ways of testing if it is PEI or not?

My initial thoughts were melting tests or hardness tests or maybe some kind of chemical reaction, but I'm not sure what exactly to do.

Thanks for your help!

(P.S. I have removed all protective coverings, so that's not the issue.)

submitted by /u/Ronnocerman
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How does the spin of a ball affect its trajectory after bouncing?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 10:59 AM PDT

How does calories relate to weight?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 10:08 AM PDT

Something I've really understood is how calories relate to weight. I've heard you have to burn 3,500 calories to lose a pound. Let's say there's a man weighing 200 lbs. He eats a whole Jack's frozen pizza that in total has 1,110 calories and weighs 16.085 ounces, or about one pound. That means he'd weigh roughly 201 lbs after only taking in 1,100 calories, 2,400 short of the 3,500 number. I'm sure there's denser foods out there that have a larger mass, but lower calories. How does calories really tie in with weight?

submitted by /u/pizzanarwhal
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Why do aerosol cans of compressed air get really cold?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 09:14 AM PDT

I was cleaning out dust on my PC and there was frost on the outside of the container after I set it down.

submitted by /u/KommaisonReddit
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How is it possible for pi bond formation between d-sigma*?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 12:41 PM PDT

Since sigma* is a spherical orbital how can there be side overlap between the d ( specifically t2g orbital ) ? Also there isn't two signs in sigma* ( i suppose) so no way there would be a formation of pi bond between them . From MO theory for pi bonding in octahedral complexes .

submitted by /u/ila1998
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Thursday, October 25, 2018

Do tall people have larger internal organs? If not, how do their bodies fill the extra space?

Do tall people have larger internal organs? If not, how do their bodies fill the extra space?


Do tall people have larger internal organs? If not, how do their bodies fill the extra space?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 11:59 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: Hi! I am J.R. Skok. I am a planetary scientist with the SETI Institute and a Space entrepreneur. I am working with SETI and NASA to develop future missions to search for life on Mars, AMA!

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 04:00 AM PDT

Hi! I am J.R. Skok. I am a planetary scientist with the SETI Institute and a Space entrepreneur. I am working with SETI and NASA to develop future missions to search for life on Mars, map out the minerals and geologic history of that planet while leading expeditions to Mars analogs around the world, including Antarctica, Iceland, Hawaii and more. As a Space Entrepreneur, I founded the company, Made of Mars, to develop the technology and economics needed to build things from the materials we can find on Mars, the Moon and asteroids throughout the solar system and share that journey with you!

Proof: https://i.redd.it/vi9rdud0p0t11.jpg

I will be on at 10am PT (1 PM ET, 17 UT), AMA!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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If an electron goes around the nucleus in a "probability cloud" and that the electron disappears and reappears in existence, does it mean that the electron appears at infinite positions around the atom or does it just orbit the atom? Also why does the electron not fall into the nucleus?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 03:09 AM PDT

Why are tyres so wide?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 03:32 AM PDT

We all know the static friction equation, F≤μ⋅R where μ is the dimensionless Coefficient of Friction and R is the Reaction force of the Asphalt on the tyres.

Note how area does not feature. This makes sense because force R spread over a large area would have low pressure. This would cause less friction per area, but as there is more area to have the force, area cancels out exactly.

This leads me to my question. Racecars, sports cars and special cars like the Formula 1 Williams FW08B all have methods to increase wheel area on the floor, stating increased grip. What is the reason behind these decisions? Is it static friction or something else, like cornering?

Thanks - Oli.

submitted by /u/olisharris
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What is the speed of heat? What factors can impact it?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 01:56 AM PDT

It occurred to me during this annual festival I attend, theres a giant stage with a DJ and pyro technics. It happens this time of year when its cool so just walking by, from a pretty far distance, you can feel the heat hit you as soon as they fire. They just do a short, like 1 second burst, every few minutes. But I can feel it almost instantly. So it makes me wonder, what is the actual speed of heat? We know the speed of sound and light, which this also creates, but how fast is the heat traveling from that flame to my face? How much does it depend on the type of heat? A fire vs in home heating. Thanks.

submitted by /u/profstarship
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Why do atoms in electron microscope images always look spherical, instead of p- or d-orbital shaped?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 10:02 PM PDT

Why don't the microscope's imaging electrons interact or scatter off of the sample's electrons in p orbitals? Or d orbitals? Or any of those other interestingly shaped orbitals I was taught electrons can take? The images always show the atoms as relatively spherical blobs (s orbitals).

submitted by /u/Bellgard
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What was Planck's intuition behind the quantization assumption?

Posted: 25 Oct 2018 12:05 AM PDT

 First of All, I doubt there has ever been any new idea that did not involve intuition. However, most textbooks suggest that the quantization assumption (Energy can only be absorbed or radiated in form of a discrete quanta: E=hf , and the atomic oscillator can only vibrate by a given discrete quanta of energy) was just a mathematical trick, that Planck introduced to be able to drive his distribution law. Is this the only right way to think about it? If not, did Planck really have intuition behind quantization idea? 
submitted by /u/karim-mohie
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How does the body eliminates fat tissue?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 05:23 PM PDT

I have been changing my life style, eating habits and exercising more. And it made me wonder, how does my body eliminates the fat issue previously stored?

submitted by /u/RealGimba
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Why are the planetary orbits always presented as all being in the same plane? Are the 8 planets really all in the same plane? Are other planes of movement around the sun expected?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 08:53 PM PDT

Can antiretroviral medicine be used to treat a broad spectrum of sexually transmitted (say HSV or HPV) infections, or is it used specifically to treat HIV?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 06:56 PM PDT

Are there any cultures that don't tell their children known fictitious folk tales (Santa Clause, Easter Bunny, etc.)? If so, what are the positive/negative effects?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 10:37 AM PDT

What are solar flares called when they're on a different star?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 05:42 PM PDT

What are sunspots and solar flares called when they happen on a star other than the Sun? Both of these names seem specific to our Sun.

submitted by /u/ChesterDaMolester
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How would breaking of CPT symmetry collapse QFT and Theory of Relativity?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 10:06 AM PDT

Veritasium in this video mentions the consequences if CPT symmetry breaking is discovered. If CPT is found to be broken by particle interactions, then we'd have to reconstruct QFT and relativity theories. Why? and what are the other assumptions for these theories?

submitted by /u/lordofdkimgs
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How exactly is "turbulence" one of the last unsolved problems in classic physics, and how is it related to the Navier-Stokes equations?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 10:59 AM PDT

I have read that Feynman said that turbulent flow was "the most important problem still left in classical physics".

In what sense it is a "problem"? Does he mean that we cannot predict turbulence exactly in every situation, and therefore it is considered "unsolved"?

What would it mean for the problem of turbulence to be solved, that we can describe it perfectly mathematically? Or that we can predict the exact patterns of turbulence when any force of any kind is applied to any fluid?

Also, how does this relate to the idea of "smooth solutions" to the Naver Stokes equations?

submitted by /u/ChongoChongo
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Have there been any significant changes in political polling methodology since the 2016 election?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 11:05 AM PDT

As I look at different political polling data for the current election I got wondering if there have been any significant changes in political polling methodology since the 2016 elections. The polling was so off target for the previous election I'm wondering the information I'm looking at now is equally unreliable.

Basically I'm asking what methodological changes have taken place, if any, since the last election? Do we know if the current set of data is more reliable? Also curious as to why the 2016 polling data was so off? Thanks.

submitted by /u/FuelModel3
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Why does wine taste better when it “breathes”?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 10:08 AM PDT

Is someone trying to develop electric airplanes?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 02:37 PM PDT

Planes flying around make up some of the carbon emissions that speed up climate change. Is anyone trying to design electric planes? What are the major issues with them that we need to solve before it could be possible? Is there even a point to try or would it cause some other possibly bigger problem?

submitted by /u/Jnsjknn
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What's the most fundamental way we can define temperature?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 09:14 AM PDT

I had always approached temperature with the definition of being the root mean square of all the kinetic energy in a system, but my physics TA told me that this was actually a rather childish definition, and that a more accurate definition was that temperature was a sum of all the possible microstates of a system, or something like that, which to me sounded more like entropy than the temperature that I knew in real life. Fundamentally speaking, what is temperature?

submitted by /u/_Sunny--
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