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Saturday, July 7, 2018

Do dogs of one breed prefer to be with their own breed over others or are they all just dogs to them?

Do dogs of one breed prefer to be with their own breed over others or are they all just dogs to them?


Do dogs of one breed prefer to be with their own breed over others or are they all just dogs to them?

Posted: 07 Jul 2018 06:11 AM PDT

Would electron degenerate matter behave similarly to a solid, gas, or liquid?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 12:43 PM PDT

In the book "The Collapsing Universe" by Isaac Asimov, he claims that degenerate matter would behave like a gas. He explains that while the electrons are compressed into a free flowing goo, the nuclei still remain relatively spaced out, and would thus act like a gas. Given that this book was written in the early '70s, is this an accurate statement, or do we have a better understanding of degenerate matter?

submitted by /u/Joshbecker117
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In the '60s, chemist and Nobel laureate Glenn Seaborg predicted "islands of stability" amongst the superheavy elements. Is this hypothesis still plausible, and how well does the evidence support it?

Posted: 07 Jul 2018 07:03 AM PDT

As most readers of this sub are likely aware, elements heaver than Uranium are, generally speaking, unstable. However, since the 1930s (?), scientists have been creating superheavy, "synthetic" elements in the laboratory, the heaviest of which being element 118, which was first created in 2002. Now, generally speaking, these elements typically have very short half-lives, rapidly decaying into lighter elements. However, in the late 1960s, famed chemist Glenn Seaborg proposed that certain superheavy elements (somewhere around 120) might be stable -- or, at least, metastable (?).

Although nuclear chemistry is not my field, I can only assume that when Dr. Seaborg first proposed this notion, it was reasonable and plausible given the evidence available at the time. However, I can also only assume that the state of the evidence has changed somewhat in the 50 years since then. Thus, my question:

In light of modern research/models/et cetera, how plausible is the "island of stability" hypothesis, and how strong is the evidence supporting it? How has the state of the evidence changed since Dr. Seaborg first proposed this hypothesis?

Thank you.

submitted by /u/Throbbing_Smarton
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Why do plants turn yellow when they are dehydrated?

Posted: 07 Jul 2018 05:40 AM PDT

It's hotter than normal in the UK right now and grass everywhere is changing from green to yellow due to the lack of water. Does the chlorophyll break down? I would have thought that if you increase the concentration of it the plants would become greener when dehydrated

submitted by /u/TruncatedArchipelago
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Are you at greater risk of sunburn up on a mountain?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 12:31 PM PDT

I remember being told that sunburns are more likely when you're up in the mountains because the air is thinner. And that's why Andean peoples wear wide brim hats most of the time. And I think my own experience matches that. I've burnt pretty quickly when up in mountainous terrain.

But I also know (believe) that UV is mostly blocked by the ozone layer. And the ozone layer goes from 33,000 feet to 165,000 feet. So even on top of Everest you're fully under it. So it shouldn't matter how high you walk. You should still be protected.

So what's going on? Which part of what I think I know is wrong?

submitted by /u/twat69
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How do the properties of air affect sound transmission?

Posted: 07 Jul 2018 05:53 AM PDT

How do the properties of air--such as: humidity, temperature, dust, pollen, precipitation, etc.--affect sound transmission? As a bit of a bonus question: is sound below cloud cover likely to be reflected by the clouds or absorbed by it?

I recently moved into a house a few miles from a major airport and on some days it's very apparent how close the airport is, but on other days it's easy to forget that it's there. I haven't objectively measured the sound levels so maybe there is some subjective bias at play, but I was curious if perhaps there could be something about the air that is affecting the way sound moves through it.

submitted by /u/zax9
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Why are there no anti-derivatives for some functions (eg sinx/x, sin(x^2), x^x) when one can easily be graphed?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 09:16 AM PDT

For instance, there is no anti-derivative for sinx/x, (though strange enough pi/2 is the answer to its integral from 0 to infinity) but yet it can be graphed here: https://i.redd.it/9ltisgukrc811.png

submitted by /u/throwaway32241
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Do our genetics play a big role in mate selection?

Posted: 07 Jul 2018 06:45 AM PDT

Why does splitting an atom create so much energy?

Posted: 07 Jul 2018 12:11 AM PDT

Is dark matter slowly condensing towards the galactic center due to gravity?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 07:49 AM PDT

So, unlike normal matter, dark matter can't clump together and will never form objects or even atoms, it will forever be single particles, I get that part. But it still has mass and interacts gravitationally with itself and normal matter.

There is more mass at the centers of galaxies, and also more dark matter (because it was creater there, I assume? Or did it move there?) Given very very long time, would the dark matter halo become smaller and denser, more concentrated towards the middle? Maybe there is a difference already between new galaxies having a more diffuse dark matter halo and older ones being more compact?

Bonus question: given infinite time and no heath death of the universe (say it wasn't expanding), would all matter eventually condense into one gigantic black hole at the common gravitational center of everything?

submitted by /u/dawnlit
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Does a healthy person's blood look any different to an unhealthy person's blood under the naked eye?

Posted: 07 Jul 2018 02:33 AM PDT

I'm a blood donor and the nurse today told me that my blood looked healthy, I consider myself to be fairly healthy and I'm just curious if you can actually tell the difference just by looking at it.

submitted by /u/thenewlydreaded
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do men genetically carry female traits?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 02:55 PM PDT

For example do the father's genes have a say in breast size or uterine size, or is are these 'female' genes only brought forth by the mother?

submitted by /u/thepessimisticpixie
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Is there any way to gauge the age of magma as it leaves a volcano, and, if there is, would the age of that magma be pretty consistent from volcano to volcano?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 08:17 PM PDT

How were the heavy metals from iron Uranium made?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 02:06 PM PDT

When is stationary flow approximation valid ?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 03:01 PM PDT

I am doing a fountain experiment for school, and my theoretical approach depends heavily on the Darcy Weisbach equation. However, the flow is not completely stationary in the sense that the mean speed of the fluid changes slightly with time(maximum 0.1m/s^2). Under these conditions is the Darcy equation still a good approximation ? Does someone know any papers that discuss this? Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/trigozord
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How do gums adhere to jaw bone?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 09:04 PM PDT

I couldn't figure out what to Google for the answer to this. How do your gums stick to the bone? Are there cell surface receptors that interact between the two tissues?

submitted by /u/black_rose_
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Why can’t we see stars in the picture of Earth taken from Mars?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 05:11 PM PDT

I can link the original image from NASA but my question is that if Mars has absolutely no (or very little) light pollution, and it has a thinner atmosphere shouldn't the night sky be lit up with tons of stars?

Does this have anything to do with bending of light and or the abundance of methane in its atmosphere? Or is it possible that you would see tons of stars and this is just another doctored NASA image?

submitted by /u/DaWylecat
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Do photons ever not take the simplest path when traveling to their destination?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 08:39 PM PDT

So I was just watching this YouTube video and I am not a scientist in anyway, just a curious person: the video was saying that when photons bounce off a mirror, it's not that they are told to do so but that they will actually follow an infinite path and that the common path being it's reflection is the simplest path so it follows that one. Do photons ever not follow this "simplest" path? Any response would be appreciated I just want to learn more about how photons act and why they take this simplest path. Also, why is it that anything takes the simplest path as opposed to any random path?

submitted by /u/tubbyo12
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With NASA's Kepler telescope nearing the end of its life cycle, what are some of its notable contributions?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 07:48 PM PDT

In quantum field theory, where does the energy that is causing quantum fluctuations coming from?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 07:17 PM PDT

Is dark matter uniformly distributed throughout the universe or is it concentrated in specific areas?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 11:18 AM PDT

From what I've heard we don't know what dark matter is but we know it exists by observing its effects on other things in our universe. Do these observations tell us where it is?

submitted by /u/bornofthemachine
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Friday, July 6, 2018

Why can I see star clusters better when they’re in my peripheral vision?

Why can I see star clusters better when they’re in my peripheral vision?


Why can I see star clusters better when they’re in my peripheral vision?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 10:10 PM PDT

I oftentimes find that I can see clusters of stars (sometimes just a couple slightly larger ones) better out of the corner of my eye. But tonight I observed what I'm assuming is part of the Milky Way better when not directly looking at it. In fact, when directly looking at it, I really couldn't make out many stars.

Why might this be?

submitted by /u/catbearcarseat
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It's a broad question, I know, but how much do psychotropic drugs typically affect the spinal cord, peripheral, and enteric nerves?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 09:06 AM PDT

Since alternating current is truly "alternating" why are most 2 pronged plugs (U.S) built with one prong wider than the other, forcing it to be used in the socket in only one direction?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 08:14 PM PDT

What happens to the energy from UVA/UVB rays when I'm wearing sun screen? Is it reflected or absorbed, and if it's absorbed does this result in additional heat energy?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 12:49 AM PDT

Does Meditation have the power to heal wounds faster?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 06:47 AM PDT

Question is self explanatory and probably sounds unsual, but I've heard lots of benefits of meditation. So, does regular and consistent meditation over the years affect the body in any such way that it increases the healing capacity of the body?

submitted by /u/vandalsavagecabbage
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Can mountains disrupt the paths of hurricanes?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 06:50 PM PDT

Hello r/askscience,

I know that mountains can create a rain shadow making the area down wind of the mountain very dry.

I was curious if you had a mountain range would it disrupt the hurricane and possibly break it up? Or would the hurricane just roll over the mountains like very little was there?

With my very very basic understanding( a few tens of minutes of reading) I would think the answer is yes. The edge of the hurricane would hit the mountains and be normal but as you got to the center of the hurricane there is less warm air up in the mountains and eventually all that will be left is cool air breaking the "engine" of the hurricane down.

Thank you for your help!

submitted by /u/edrazzar
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If Dark Matter is changing the rotation speed of stars in every galaxy, why does it not change the rotation speed of planets around stars?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 09:51 AM PDT

I've always heard that galaxy motion is dominated by the gravitational effects of Dark Matter. Why then is there no measurable effect within our solar system?

submitted by /u/barvader
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How do they modify fruit to be seedless?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 05:01 PM PDT

Why does catnip affect cats as it does? And are there other instances of this kind of reaction/mild addiction to specific plants in the animal world?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 06:10 PM PDT

How do fiber optics provide greater internet speed, and how is the technology improving?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 06:55 PM PDT

How does hemispheric control work with conjoined twins that share a torso.?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 03:19 PM PDT

Are there any chemicals that are _close_ to igniting on contact with air, but aren't quite reactive enough?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 01:19 AM PDT

More questions: What would scientists even look for to determine whether this was true about a given chemical? Is such a state theoretically possible, and If so, but no such chemical exists, what conditions would have to be satisfied to make it so?

submitted by /u/royishere
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In relation is plasmons, what exactly are near field and far field?

Posted: 06 Jul 2018 01:08 AM PDT

Are they just referring to different properties of a plasmon, some that effect the near by electric field, and some that effect the far electric field? The paper I'm reading (read as: trying to understand) that's using this terminology is "On the Energy Shift between Near-Field and Far-Field Peak Intensities in Localized Plasmon Systems" by zuloga

submitted by /u/sabi0
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Can other species suffer from gigantism?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 04:13 PM PDT

If gigantism is a condition where your body produces too much growth hormones and most species have growth hormones why haven't I ever heard of or seen a picture of an animal with the condition?

submitted by /u/Vigna72
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Is it possible to simulate a fluid's motion without modelling it as a bunch of particles?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 05:58 PM PDT

I do not understand fluid dynamics. Do real life fluids behave exactly like an infinite number of teensy particles, or is there something fundamentally different about their motion?

submitted by /u/aitigie
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Why does gyroscopic precession go at a speed inversely proportional to spin speed, while nodal precession of an orbit is directly proportional?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 09:46 AM PDT

If you look here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession#Classical_(Newtonian)

We have an omega_p of precession, with the omega_s of spinning in the denominator.

But if we look at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodal_precession

We get omega in the numerator (right after the J2).

Why do these have different dependencies? My understanding was that nodal precession IS a form of gyroscopic precession. Does anyone know the derivation for nodal precession?

Would also appreciate any suggestions to other subreddits to ask, this feels pretty technical compared to what I usually see around here.

submitted by /u/WaitForItTheMongols
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How do we know the age/lifespan of stars?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 04:12 PM PDT

Was reading the wiki entry on open clusters after someone mentioned it elsewhere and came across this statement:

"Open clusters generally survive for a few hundred million years, with the most massive ones surviving for a few billion years."

How is it that we know this even though couldn't have watched it play out and we don't have any physical access to them. What sort of dating process is used and how do we know it works?

submitted by /u/mman426
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How are each of the lobes in the brain differentiated on a biological level?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 01:17 PM PDT

Certain areas have different functions, but how does that map to their individual clusters of neurons?

submitted by /u/spauldeagle
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Why are babies hands and feet purple or blueish when they're a newborn?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 01:59 PM PDT

How do monarch butterflies find milkweed?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 05:03 PM PDT

They fly thousands of miles... How are they able to track down a single milkweed plant in the middle of nothing else to lay their eggs?

submitted by /u/mandyvigilante
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Thursday, July 5, 2018

How are fire works engineered?

How are fire works engineered?


How are fire works engineered?

Posted: 04 Jul 2018 07:36 PM PDT

How does one figure out how the pattern will spread and time it accordingly. And use the right mixture to attain color?

submitted by /u/newhorizon56
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How do Virtual Machines handle Memory Caches?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 07:17 AM PDT

Let's say I have a multicore processor with three cache levels. On it, there is a hypervisor with two virtual machines running.

As I understood it the hypervisor kind of pretends to be a computer with smaller memory to each VM.

I also know that a cache is a faster and smaller type of memory, like RAM relates to the harddrive, but a cache can't be explicitly targeted by an application programmer. Does an operating system programmer handle cache accesses? Or is the cache behavior determined by a even lower level, like directly in hardware?

If the OS on one VM wants to write to the cache, does it tell the hypervisor "Hey I want to write to this specific line/address of my own virtual cache!"? A "virtual cache" sounds weird, because indirection is slow and caches are supposed to be fast. Also, when multiple VMs each have a dedicated space in the cache, these spaces would be rather small.

Therefore, maybe the VM doesn't concern itself with caches and just tells the hypervisor on which vitual adresses it wants to read and write and lets the hypervisor decide when and where to access a cache.

Probably I have misunderstood something about operating systems and it works differently altogether.

The background to this question is that I'm reading the paper "Flush & Reload" by Yarom and Falkner from 2014. They explain that the cache opens a side-channel, where information can leak from one process to another. They write that this also works for cross-VM attacks. I want to have a clearer understanding on how the caches of two VMs on the same host interact.

I would be grateful for even some pointers.

submitted by /u/JohannesWurst
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 04 Jul 2018 08:12 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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What makes an object bendable?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 07:46 AM PDT

What changes do interior facets make to an acoustic horn's sound?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 07:17 AM PDT

I was looking at the Denman Exponential horn which is rectangular rather than circular and then I remembered that some gramophone horns have a faceted interior. What changes do these facets make to the sound?

submitted by /u/hypotune
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What is punctual prevalence? In the medical field I know what prevalence, point prevalence and lifetime prevalence is but I am coming across some articles citing punctual prevalence. What is the difference between these?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 05:28 AM PDT

Do toxin effects stack, or are there diminishing returns at some point?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 05:27 AM PDT

Depends on where it acts (liver, heart, cellular level) and a few other factors, I know, but (random example) let's assume we have a toxin 150mg of which are fatal after 10 hours without medical treatment, would using 450mg cut that down to 3ish or simply make those 10 suck way more symptom-wise?

submitted by /u/HirsutismTitties
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How is the regurgitation risk managed in emergency surgery?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 05:02 AM PDT

When you have a general anaesthetic, you have to fast to reduce the risk of you vomiting and the potential to aspirate it. But if someone requires emergency surgery (car crash etc.), presumably they've eaten in the last 12 hours, so how is the vomiting risk managed?

submitted by /u/Skylarkien
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[[Physics]] What is the highest FPS (both captured and displayed) that can ever be achieved? What are the limiting factors?

Posted: 05 Jul 2018 03:19 AM PDT

What part of lightning does the thunder come from? Is it the bolt hitting the ground?

Posted: 04 Jul 2018 11:39 AM PDT

Paleontologists: How common is it for fossils to have significant marks caused by the excavation process?

Posted: 04 Jul 2018 11:55 AM PDT

Whenever I watch people digging it strikes me how easily fossils could be damaged. How do you know when to stop digging quickly and forcefully and start being more gentle?

submitted by /u/chubbygeodesic
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Can light be reflected exactly back onto it's original path in the opposite direction, and cancel itself out?

Posted: 04 Jul 2018 03:17 AM PDT

So if light is an EM wave, and just talking about the E-field here at a single point in space, then the E-field has one direction (traveling in line and not being redirected), though the E-field strength may vary over time.

If you reflect that same light back into that path, this means the E-field direction is opposite of original light, so is it possible to make the reflected light always have the same magnitude everywhere in that path as the original light to cancel everything out?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Why does overdosing on pills cause Gastrointestinal bleeding?

Posted: 03 Jul 2018 08:46 PM PDT

How does Gastrointestinal bleeding work even?

Why is one of the major symptoms of overdosing on lets say Ibuprofen , or any other pills , Gastrointestinal bleeding , what do the pills do to cause that damage? As much info as possible would be appreciated :)

I dont know if this is an appropriate question , but I'm just really curious about it and I had no clue where else I could ask. :)

submitted by /u/NaziTookMyTurret
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Once it was feasible, how long did it take life to form on Earth?

Posted: 03 Jul 2018 07:55 PM PDT

While I can look up when the earliest evidence of life is, I've always wondered how long it took for life to form on Earth from the time it became possible.

So, at what point did the Earth have all the basics needed for life to arise? I'm thinking of the most obvious/common type of life -- whatever that might be -- rather than some unlikely form.

And then, at what point did it form? And on a universal scale of time, how quickly is that? I'm trying to get a sense of how likely life is based on how quickly it arose on Earth -- despite having only a single example of it happening.

submitted by /u/of_the
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Where does fat go when you burn it?

Posted: 03 Jul 2018 07:52 PM PDT