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Monday, May 21, 2018

What population density could t-rex realistically have had?

What population density could t-rex realistically have had?


What population density could t-rex realistically have had?

Posted: 20 May 2018 07:42 PM PDT

Put another way, how big does Isla Nublar have to be to stop a t-rex from starving? Or if I build a time machine, how many square kilometers of the Cretaceous do I need to check before finally actually seeing one?

Extant predators can take up a lot of space, and usually need a lot of ecology to support the top of the food chain. If you take the maximum mass and maximum territory size of a Siberian tiger and try to blindly guesstimate up to a 9 ton dinosaur, you get an area almost the size of Rhode Island per dinosaur. This seems unrealistic because they'd hardly ever be able to find eachother to make babies.

Do we know anything at all about how closely you could pack large predatory dinosaurs in general? Did they have meetups and spawning grounds? Arms are too short to use Tinder.

submitted by /u/CosineDanger
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Can film exist in a format that isn't a series of still frames? Whether analog or digital?

Posted: 20 May 2018 10:33 AM PDT

Instead of many still images creating the illusion of motion, are there other ways of depicting film without a film reel with separate negatives (analog) or a video file (digital) without frames?

submitted by /u/Thonster
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How does the hippocampus transfer short term to long term memory?

Posted: 21 May 2018 04:33 AM PDT

Why does lava release so many dangerous gases and particles when it touches sea water? Where are all those poisonous gases/materials exactly coming from?

Posted: 20 May 2018 10:46 PM PDT

With Jupiter being a gaseous planet, what is happening at the poles, both magnetically, and thermally? What would a compass do, and is there ice?

Posted: 20 May 2018 05:58 PM PDT

What is the best way to "break in" a new cellphone battery?

Posted: 21 May 2018 05:43 AM PDT

So a brand new phone/tablet, out of the box, is there any particular procedure regarding the first charge?

We've all heard the advice, some say you must charge the battery first, some say you must use the phone until it's flat then charge it. Others say you must use the battery to below 20% but above 15%. The list goes on.

Does it matter? If so, what's the real recommendation and what's the science behind it??

submitted by /u/RangerZA
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Are there any viruses (viri?) that are beneficial to humans?

Posted: 20 May 2018 02:08 PM PDT

Have we found any evidence that eukaryotic organisms have existed at any point in time outside the 5 kingdoms?

Posted: 20 May 2018 07:07 PM PDT

Since we have plenty of examples of other levels of the taxonomic tree of life going extinct (individual species, genuses, etc), what's the furthest "branch" we can go out from the center that is now extinct? Was there an entire class, phylum, kingdom or maybe even domain of organism that no longer exists today?

submitted by /u/Pokemaster131
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Do slower animals, such as turtles, slugs, snails, etc have a sense of feeling on the parts of their bodies that touch the ground? If so, how do they deal with hot and cold surfaces for such a long period of time?

Posted: 20 May 2018 07:28 PM PDT

Why are batteries different sizes? What is the difference between using four AAA vs. two D batteries?

Posted: 20 May 2018 12:52 PM PDT

Wondering after looking a some flashlights of mine. One uses a couple D batteries while some use AAAs and some use AAs. Do the size differences have to do with voltage, or "amount" of battery? Could you theoretically change something that runs off a D to run off two AAs?

submitted by /u/RagnarDannesgold
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How do insects with queens (ants/bees) develop genetic diversity?

Posted: 20 May 2018 03:40 PM PDT

If a colony has only one female that makes offsprings, genetic diversity will not be strong. Wouldn't that be a major setback for evolution? Yet, ants are thriving.

submitted by /u/merdouille44
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Exactly what makes certain materials/plants to reflect the light that they do? (Why are strawberries red, etc?)

Posted: 20 May 2018 05:02 PM PDT

What allows horses (and other equines) to carry so much weight?

Posted: 20 May 2018 06:01 PM PDT

More specifically, to carry so much weight without injury. I know other mammals, such as dogs, can sustain serious injuries (such as hip dysplasia or back injuries) when they carry large amounts of weight, and that being the reason why parents should never allow children to 'ride' these animals.

submitted by /u/Liars-Syndrome
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How does risk of psychosis compare between recreational drugs?

Posted: 20 May 2018 09:14 PM PDT

X-post from r/askdrugnerds

Which drugs have the highest and lowest risk of triggering psychosis? I'd imagine cannabis to be high on the list, and I've heard PCP is also especially likely to cause psychosis. But I'd like some info on how they all compare. If you're aware of any studies or other resources that compare all the drugs, please post the links here.

submitted by /u/shirtlifterdownunder
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Why do some people struggle to pronounce certain words?

Posted: 20 May 2018 02:46 PM PDT

Does red/blue shift have any effect on spectroscopy and if so how do they account for it?

Posted: 20 May 2018 04:42 PM PDT

I just learned about spectroscopy today, and watched a video about how it works. To my understanding we can understand the composition of the planets by looking at the wavelengths they emit or absorb and matching those wavelengths up with their respective elements. I was curious if red/blue shift had any effect on this process or if spectroscopy is only reliable up to a certain distance? Thanks!

submitted by /u/Iwanttohearyouscream
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What’s the difference between analog and digital, in terms of electronics?

Posted: 20 May 2018 06:12 PM PDT

Someone was telling me about the shift from analog record players to digital, and I had no clue what they meant. Can anyone clarify the difference here?

submitted by /u/SheLovesCacti
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Why does a laptop overheat?

Posted: 21 May 2018 12:00 AM PDT

When a laptop is running intensive programs like games, which part(s) cause overheating and why does it overheat?

submitted by /u/rdivine
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How do shoe waterproofing sprays work?

Posted: 20 May 2018 11:50 PM PDT

What are they made off? Is the same chemicals used for other applications when not marketed as a shoe product? Can they potentially damage textile or leather?

submitted by /u/sonomodata
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What is worse on our skin, a strong acid or a strong base?

Posted: 20 May 2018 06:28 PM PDT

How can medication cause side effects that counter effect each other?

Posted: 20 May 2018 03:24 PM PDT

For example, side effects such as tiredness and fatigue are caused by a medication, but also insomnia or even increased energy. "How is it that medication causes side effects that are opposites of each other?" may be a more appropriate question.

submitted by /u/Razor_101
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What happens on a cellular level when a person "crashes" after a sugar rush?

Posted: 20 May 2018 05:06 PM PDT

What's the limits of the spectrum of normal memory? How much do people usually remember?

Posted: 20 May 2018 02:34 PM PDT

This question came upon after reflecting upon my childhood memories (or lack thereof, really). One of my good friends can vividly recall specific days or conversations he had while 5-8 years old. I remember 3-4 birthdays, a few christmas'. Only still pictures, and never any conversations. How much is it normal to remember?

submitted by /u/Daftmachine
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Sunday, May 20, 2018

Are there any mammals with the same or similar vocal range/abilities as humans?

Are there any mammals with the same or similar vocal range/abilities as humans?


Are there any mammals with the same or similar vocal range/abilities as humans?

Posted: 19 May 2018 02:22 PM PDT

Do bees know they’ll die if they sting another animal?

Posted: 19 May 2018 08:12 PM PDT

How can the mass of a neutral pion be determined, if its quark content can be either (up + anti-up) or (down + anti-down)?

Posted: 19 May 2018 10:36 PM PDT

Since u and d have different masses. And if the masses of these two possibilities are not the same, why don't we have two particles?

submitted by /u/ten_mile_river
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What is heat lightening?

Posted: 19 May 2018 06:40 PM PDT

I've always been told that heat lightening doesn't exist and that it's just far off storms where you can't hear the thunder. Have I been lied to my whole life?

submitted by /u/points4trying
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How does a record player turn a vinyl disk into the music we hear?

Posted: 19 May 2018 08:54 PM PDT

Why do all gas giants in our solar system have rings but none of the inner planets with rocky cores? Is this a phenomenon of how our solar system was formed or is it indicative of all gas giants in the universe?

Posted: 19 May 2018 12:00 PM PDT

Is nuclear cheaper than renewables?

Posted: 19 May 2018 03:44 PM PDT

What exactly is happening inside this vacuum causing plasma to appear from a Tesla coil?

Posted: 19 May 2018 11:17 AM PDT

https://gfycat.com/brightsoulfulgallowaycow

If theres a vacuum in the syringe, what particles are being charged up to glow like this? Is it just electrons flwoing from the nail into the tube?

submitted by /u/NoMaans
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What happens to cancer cells once the host body has perished?

Posted: 19 May 2018 01:27 PM PDT

Do antler animals feel their antlers?

Posted: 19 May 2018 09:52 AM PDT

Meaning if some was to cut them off while that animal was alive would they feel it and register it as pain?

submitted by /u/Fresgd
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How did tortoises get to the Galapagos islands?

Posted: 19 May 2018 07:35 PM PDT

When building a bridge how do you overcome differences of elevation on both sides, and also when pylons are placed. Logistically how do they make a level bridge?

Posted: 19 May 2018 07:33 PM PDT

Is there a mathematical relationship or equation that describes the relationship between bond energies and electronegativity?

Posted: 19 May 2018 12:27 PM PDT

Would it be possible to calculate the bond energy for a bond given the electronegativity of the 2 atoms?

submitted by /u/Kevat
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Do animals have the same ailments as humans (pulled muscles, common cold, etc)?

Posted: 19 May 2018 05:50 PM PDT

As the title suggests, there are a lot of things that humans have to deal with. We work too hard, we pull or strain a muscle. We get the 'common cold', we have people with certain things like anemia or diabetes.

Do other animals share these types of things, or are some of them uniquely human?

submitted by /u/EazyPeazyLemonSqueaz
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Is there a difference between claws, talons, and nails?

Posted: 19 May 2018 11:28 AM PDT

Or are they synonyms of one another?

submitted by /u/AwwNickYeah
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Why is visible plasma often purple in color?

Posted: 19 May 2018 04:30 PM PDT

Why are the Rankine and Brayton cycles so commonly studied?

Posted: 19 May 2018 03:45 PM PDT

Rankine is utilized for external combustion while Brayton for internal combustion. Is it for historical and/or pragmatic reasons these two are predominant? I am just trying to understand intuitively why thermodynamic cycles involving adiabatic compression, isobaric heat addition, adiabatic expansion, and isobaric heat rejection are preferred versus any others (e.g. Carnot, Otto, Scuderi, Manson, Lenoir)? Is there anything inherent about the processes?

submitted by /u/CallMeDoc24
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Can a versican antibody be used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?

Posted: 19 May 2018 08:12 AM PDT

I read a medical publication (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15985535) and was quite confused as to the implications of the research. If versican is secreted by cancerous cells, can't versican antibodies be used to diagnose pancreatic cancer? Please tell me if I'm misconstruing the research. Cheers :)

submitted by /u/neeeeeeel
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how did scientists figure out what's inside a cell?also can a cell be cut in half using an obsidian blade while viewing under a microscope?

Posted: 18 May 2018 10:58 PM PDT

After i came home from biology class. i am wondering how scientists figured out what's inside a cell.also can a cell be cut in half using an obsidian blade while viewing under a microscope

submitted by /u/randomcomicguy101
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How do herbicides distinguish between plants and weeds?

Posted: 19 May 2018 06:19 AM PDT

Saturday, May 19, 2018

What is the difference in voltage (or potential voltage) between the earth and space?

What is the difference in voltage (or potential voltage) between the earth and space?


What is the difference in voltage (or potential voltage) between the earth and space?

Posted: 19 May 2018 02:32 AM PDT

For example. If we built a space elevator, it's going to be a very long body extending from the surface of the earth into the farthest reaches of the atmosphere.

An object that long would surely create a significant voltage potential assuming it was ungrounded for the purpose of hypothetical science.

What would the possible voltage potential be from top (space) to bottom (Earth) be? Would we be able to harness any form of useful energy from such a device?

submitted by /u/Runtowardsdanger
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What was the diopter of leeuwenhoek`s microscope?

Posted: 19 May 2018 05:29 AM PDT

I need to know the diopter of the microscope for a project, but I can't find it on the internet.

submitted by /u/nanaro10
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What was Earth like in the immediate aftermath of the asteroid impact that killed the non-avian dinosaurs? What was Earth like in following years? How long did it take for the dinosaurs to die out?

Posted: 18 May 2018 11:26 AM PDT

What was Earth like after the asteroid hit? I imagine the area around the impact, probably for several hundred miles, must have been like a combo earthquake + volcanic eruption and there were tsunamis as a result. But what would things look like as you go farther away? If the asteroid hit the Yucatán peninsula, and I was about the same distance away as modern day Nunavut, what am I experiencing? What would I experience living on the opposite side of the planet? Is the whole world plunged into darkness? What type of darkness? Total pitch black or like a bad smoggy day?

What's the world like 1 year after impact? 2-5 years? 10 years?

And what's happening to the megafauna? The day after the impact are all the sauropods dead or something? Or is it a more "gradual" dying off (in terms of human lifetimes, not the geological scale)? For instance, one human generation after the impact, what do animal populations look like? Are there just no more dinosaurs or are there fewer but still relatively plentiful or is it just super sparse now? Are dinosaurs (especially huge ones like sauropods) disappearing at a rate that would be obvious to anyone looking or is it taking a thousand, ten thousand, or even a million years?

submitted by /u/foozballguy
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Are Monte Carlo simulations really necessary, considering that in order to set up the simulation, you need to know enough about the problem such that you can solve it analytically?

Posted: 18 May 2018 04:55 PM PDT

Consider the traditional MC simulation problem of simulating pi: you generate random points in a unit square and check to see if they lie inside or outside a unit circle. In order to run that simulation, you need to know the equation of the circle, which I would think imply that you already have the ability to compute pi without having to do the simulation. It makes me think that all MC simulations are like this -- you have to know enough about the problem to set up the simulation, which should be enough info to solve the problem already.

Are there practical problems for which Monte Carlo simulations are the only way to find a solution? If so, is that only because we don't know yet how to solve those problems analytically?

submitted by /u/StoriesAndAudio
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Is there a way to reverse starch gelatinization?

Posted: 19 May 2018 05:04 AM PDT

I make bubble tea for a living and I'm wondering if there is a way for cooked tapioca bubbles to not go through starch gelatinization? I'm completely oblivious of preservatives so any suggestions would be greatly appreciated!

submitted by /u/demetriUSA
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[Physics] Do the nuclear weapons have any use other than being a military or diplomatic threat ?

Posted: 19 May 2018 03:10 AM PDT

Where does the energy for exchange particles come from?

Posted: 18 May 2018 12:28 PM PDT

The weak interaction uses a W boson to transfer momentum, but it's much heavier than a proton and seemingly spontaneously comes into existence for the purpose of the interaction and then vanishes. I'd like to know how this complys with the conservation of energy because it doesn't really make sense to me.

submitted by /u/CongratulateItAMeme
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Are you looking through a window when you look at the reflection of something in it?

Posted: 18 May 2018 07:34 PM PDT

If I'm looking at the reflection of something in a window, am I staring out the window? My focal point is on the other side of the window, but what I'm looking at isn't actually there, so am I looking out the window, at the window, or something else?

submitted by /u/AhsokaT4no
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Does lightning only make sound when it hits ground?

Posted: 19 May 2018 01:28 AM PDT

It makes sense that it would, but I'm just curious as to why ?

submitted by /u/caffene_migraines
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Why is the radiation level so high on the surface of Europa?

Posted: 18 May 2018 02:08 PM PDT

Where does it come from? What kind of radiation is it? How high is it really?

submitted by /u/DrVentureWasRight
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Why *doesn’t* sediment cause ocean levels to rise?

Posted: 18 May 2018 11:26 AM PDT

Why is it said that hydrogen bonds hold water molecules apart?

Posted: 18 May 2018 02:30 PM PDT

For example, Chaplin on his webpage states: ''The hydrogen bonding, although cohesive in nature, is thus holding the water molecules apart.'' Why is that so?

submitted by /u/philthrowwy
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How do sulfur-oxidizing and sulfur-reducing microorganisms generate ATP?

Posted: 18 May 2018 10:09 AM PDT

I'm trying to understand how different forms of bacterial metabolism work, but I'm getting muddled up.

To obtain energy (ATP) and fixed carbon, organisms require an energy source, an electron donor, and a carbon source.

For example;

In eukaryotic heterotrophs;

  • Organic carbon is used in glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle to generate NADH (+ some ATP and FADH2), which acts as an electron donor in the electron transport chain to pump protons and generate an electrochemical gradient, which subsequently drives ATP synthase and generates ATP

How does this process work in an organism (bacteria or archaea) that, for example, reduces sulphate or oxidizes sulfur?

submitted by /u/slyboner
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Is there a minimum number of islands for an archipelago?

Posted: 18 May 2018 08:40 AM PDT

What is the shortest (by number) chain in the world?

submitted by /u/Eboxisin
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As the earth is hit by tons of meteorits over time, is there a risk that this leads to a significant perturbation of its orbit (because of the mass increase), so much that it could be dangerous to human kind ?

Posted: 18 May 2018 03:16 PM PDT

A recent post suggested a woman was 39 weeks pregnant. How long can a woman possibly be pregnant? Can a pregnancy last 350 days and deliver a living baby?

Posted: 18 May 2018 08:29 AM PDT