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Thursday, May 10, 2018

Is the human body affected by the changing seasons?

Is the human body affected by the changing seasons?


Is the human body affected by the changing seasons?

Posted: 10 May 2018 06:23 AM PDT

If we don't grow a winter coat like dogs, we don't have a set mating season, we don't migrate, etc, are we affected in any other way? If not, at what point did we lose those traits?

submitted by /u/maudiestirling
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What is the cost input/output of current nuclear fusion designs?

Posted: 10 May 2018 03:27 AM PDT

Unsure whether to flair economics or physics for this, but I was curious as to the current gap in the cost of the energy input to the energy output worth of current nuclear fusion designs.

submitted by /u/Lost_Sojourner
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Is there a certain priority list for a severely damaged human body to heal itself?

Posted: 09 May 2018 07:04 AM PDT

Does human body have a priority list for healing the body?

For example: if a human body has multiple fractures, severed nerves, multiple lacerated organs, internal bleeding and cuts and bruises, how does the body react to the healing process? Which of the wounds and damaged areas it starts to heal first?

I am aware of different kinds of shocks and reactions to the human body, but lets cast those aside.

Is it strictly related to DNA only or is there some sort of other mechanisms the body/brain uses?

submitted by /u/M3nt4lcom
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If I lift an object up by 1m will its mass increase by a factor of ~g/c^2 from the extra potential energy? If so, is this effect experimentally observable or is gravity too weak?

Posted: 10 May 2018 05:29 AM PDT

What makes two antidepressants in the same class different from one another?

Posted: 09 May 2018 08:42 PM PDT

I know different classes target different serotonin receptors, but what is the difference between two SSRI's, or two SNRI's? Why does one SSRI work well for someone, but a different SSRI doesn't work at all for them, even though the two drugs are in the same class? And if someone responds well to an SSRI, does that make them more likely to respond well to every SSRI?

submitted by /u/heyitsme_12345
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What are the differences between the mechanisms of bipolar depression and of unipolar depression?

Posted: 10 May 2018 03:26 AM PDT

How have astronomers been able to make reliable estimations about the rotational velocity of galaxies given that an estimated full rotation takes over a billion years and radio telescopes observing them have been around for less then 100 years?

Posted: 10 May 2018 03:22 AM PDT

I was reading some posts on here and on the web about dark matter and why astronomers believe it exists. My understanding is that two of the reasons are connected to observations concerning the rotational speed of galaxies. Firstly, the rotational velocity observed did not match the estimated mass of stars in an observed cluster, secondly that all stars in galaxies appear to rotate at a constant velocity. This I understand.

What I don't understand is how can astronomers be so sure about the observed rotational velocities - if a full galaxy rotation takes over a billion years then all that we can have been able to observe since we built radio telescopes is 10 to the power -7 of that rotation (Sorry unable to write maths in word)? Which is a tiny, tiny fraction of a degree. How can they be so sure that there is no sizable error in there - how can they even see that tiny amount of rotation?

Lastly, a less clear and perhaps less interesting question, connected to the above, how do they correct for our own Milky Way's galactic rotation when making observations? Presumably they must be able to tell which galaxies are rotating along the same axis as ourselves and which are tilted away from our axis and by how much? I'm running on a layman's assumption that there might be a galaxy rotating identically to the way we rotate in which case surely there'd be no observed rotation? But when they detect a rotation are they able to state with certainty how much the observation is affected by our relative rotation or is that open to error too?

submitted by /u/OriginalGreasyDave
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Do herds of Caribou have a leader?

Posted: 09 May 2018 06:54 PM PDT

What happens when a storm crosses the Grand Canyon?

Posted: 09 May 2018 05:38 PM PDT

Curious about the title.

submitted by /u/MundialMan
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Are there any theories of a correlation between massive volcanic eruptions and a reversal of earth's magnetic field?

Posted: 09 May 2018 09:10 PM PDT

I was reading this article about increased seismic activity in the Yellowstone basin.

In the article it stated that the last major eruption of the Yellowstone super volcano was about 640,000 years ago, which was about the same time as the last magnetic pole reversal.

Are both Earth's magnetic field and volcanic activity controlled by Earth's core?

submitted by /u/fuckingoff
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What makes nuclear bombs so difficult to build?

Posted: 09 May 2018 08:23 PM PDT

I see in the news developing countries threaten to build a nuke. What are the barriers to making them and why do developing nations struggle with it?

submitted by /u/transcendtime
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How do cells choreograph their growth to form the proper shape of the bone or organ?

Posted: 09 May 2018 05:53 PM PDT

As the title asks, how do cells know what the boundaries of their growth should be (non cancerous) and choreograph proper organ and bone formation?

In other words, how do cells know which direction to grow in order to form the normal shape of that tissue? In my mind, there would have to be some separate process in charge of controlling the cells that is aware of the position of each cell and can control the growth speed and direction. But I feel that is probably wrong.

I understand the concept of stem cells becoming specialized cells, with full instructions about what the cell should be and how it behaves. What i don't understand is the choreography involved in shaping.

submitted by /u/KorgRue
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How do substrates actually get into their active sites in enzymes?

Posted: 09 May 2018 08:57 PM PDT

It seems that the chances of the substrates finding their way into the active site would be very uncommon due to their complex shapes, is there an aid or is it just through concentration of both elements?

submitted by /u/MoistAmphetamine
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Do we currently have any precautions installed in case an asteroid starts heading towards Earth? If so, what are they?

Posted: 09 May 2018 03:11 PM PDT

Is there anything that can catalyze nuclear reactions?

Posted: 09 May 2018 05:52 PM PDT

Why do vegetables such as asparagus/beets change the color of our pee, but artificial colors don't?

Posted: 09 May 2018 08:03 PM PDT

Why is the relativistic adiabatic index 4/3?

Posted: 09 May 2018 05:30 PM PDT

I was told that in the relativistic limit the adiabatic index approaches 4/3 for a monoatomic gas instead of 5/3 in the non-relativistic case. I was told this occurs due to a reduction in degree of freedom but this may be incomplete and does not quite explain the new expression since adiabatic index = (n + 2)/n where n is the # of degrees of freedom. Thus I am wondering both quantitatively and qualitatively, why does the adiabatic index decrease, and to 4/3 specifically, in the relativistic regime for a monoatomic gas?

submitted by /u/CallMeDoc24
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When supposing a product solution to solve a linear PDE, how do we rule out existence of solutions that cannot be expressed as a sum of product solutions?

Posted: 09 May 2018 05:28 PM PDT

In part I want to know how this was justified historically, if it was at all. This is for a presentation about fourier series and I want the logic to be as airtight as possible. I'm willing to weaken the assumptions to avoid having to say "... which we know for technical reasons too advanced to get into."

in Fourier's book The Analytic Theory of Heat (1822), where he first develops fourier series, he uses the product solution trick to solve the heat equation. He does not explicitly address the question of whether there could be solutions that aren't a sum of products. He does prove uniqueness of his solutions, but only in a framework that presupposes his general form encompasses all possible solutions. Was Fourier being sloppy relative to modern standards of rigor, or is there some unstated result he's relying on?

I'm aware that, in the language of functional analysis, it's not difficult to show a fourier series converges to its associated function if the latter is in the right space, and that this was shown contemporaneous to Fourier.

What I'm looking for is, how do we (or how did Fourier) justify the conclusion we found the full solution of the linear PDE when we solved it by assuming the solution can be expressed as a sum of products of functions of one variable.

submitted by /u/yassert
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Where exactly does the energy in a nuclear reaction (fission and fusion) come from, since the number of particles remains unchanged?

Posted: 09 May 2018 03:01 PM PDT

I know it has something to do with changes in the amount of energy holding atoms together, but I feel really fuzzy on that.

submitted by /u/rebblt
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Is there one big, planetwide weather system, or does each country calculate their own? If so, what sort of communication exists between them?

Posted: 09 May 2018 08:19 AM PDT

How does ethanol affect animal cells?

Posted: 09 May 2018 06:38 PM PDT

Does it interact with receptors or does it pass throught the lipid bilayer? If the latter, What does it interact with inside of the cell?

Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/Big_catC
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Wednesday, May 9, 2018

Can plants be "fat"?

Can plants be "fat"?


Can plants be "fat"?

Posted: 08 May 2018 08:33 AM PDT

Edit: Oh guys, this is amazing. Thank you all

submitted by /u/Medesimo
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How dense were dinosaur populations (e.g., t-Rex, velociraptor, brontosaurus) at the height of their respective time periods?

Posted: 08 May 2018 10:39 AM PDT

For example, was the T-Rex population similar to that of mountain lions or more similar to that of field mice?

submitted by /u/stbillings
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Do relativistic light sources decelerate?

Posted: 09 May 2018 05:33 AM PDT

Relativistic beaming is a process by which the light emitted by an isotropic source appears biased in intensity in the forward direction.

My question is: given the intensity of radiation is greater in the forward direction, will the source not be acting like a photon drive, and hence decelerate? Furthermore, won't people in different reference frames observe different decelerations? And what about the frame in which the source is stationary?

submitted by /u/MaximilianCrichton
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How does the nutrients of a banana and its peel change as it ripens? Is nutrients transferred between the peel and the banana in any way or are they separate entities? If so, what is the mechanism of transfer?

Posted: 09 May 2018 06:29 AM PDT

Is there a point/limit when a cluster of mass can/will become a planet?

Posted: 09 May 2018 02:17 AM PDT

So, my idea was as follows:

In the next hundreds of thousands of years (of humanity will survive that is) humans roam around the solar system/galaxy and increased amount of space debris is jettisoned to space; could this potential cluster of space debris tip over a certain point/limit until it starts the process of becoming a planet? (Of course we need to imagine that this space debris needs to be stationary somehow and all of it needs to be all in the same area, ignore that fact)

I know this is really far fetched, because of the sheer enormous amount of mass needed for it.

But could it be theoretically possible to walk on a human made planet?

Is there a reaction/process that a cluster of mass goes through as it "evolves" into a planet?

submitted by /u/M3nt4lcom
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How does tuned mass damper work?

Posted: 09 May 2018 06:43 AM PDT

I understand that the tuned mass damper oscillate in the opposite direction of the building it is installed on to reduce the the "shake" the building experiences and allow it to return to normal, but I do not understand how the values of the frequency of oscillation of the building and the damper compare, any lurking physicist help out? thanks!

submitted by /u/friedbreadsticks
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How does one’s current gene expression impact genetic heritability in one’s offspring? Is it different for mothers and fathers?

Posted: 09 May 2018 06:58 AM PDT

I've been learning about gene expression and how environmental changes have an impact on proteins, etc. How does this have an impact on what genetic information is passed along to one's offspring? For example, a twin study done on astronauts Mark and Scott Kelly showed changes in gene expression, but not DNA. However, I was wondering if any children produced before and after such a space flight, would be impacted by the change in gene expression as to what their own DNA make-up might be? Would it impact other things like RNA?

Since a female's eggs have already been formed in utero, does her own environmentally shifting gene expression have any impact on the DNA and/or gene expression of the eggs throughout her life, prior to fertilization? Since a male makes sperm continuously, what is the impact of gene expression for his offspring?

Are there any questions I'm not asking that relate to this question of heritability for offspring in relation to environmental adaptations for parents? Thanks!

submitted by /u/JustMeRC
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Is there a quantitative way of measuring tiredness?

Posted: 09 May 2018 04:15 AM PDT

I was about to go to sleep last night and was thinking "I don't have to get up as early as usual tomorrow morning, so I can put my alarm clock back a bit. I wonder; would I feel better-rested if I kept my clock at its normal alarm time, and just snoozed it, or would I feel more rested if I pushed the alarm back a bit? How would I measure tiredness? Is there such a measure?" then I went to sleep.

So yeah, is there a way that doctors (neuroscientists?) measure tiredness? Is that even feasible? When diagnosing, for example, insomniacs etc. do they measure this kind of thing?

If there is some quantitative measure of tiredness, what is it based on? Reaction times? Some brainwave thing? Or something else entirely?

submitted by /u/cow_co
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What is the chemical reaction formula for bleach reacting with human skin?

Posted: 09 May 2018 06:41 AM PDT

Bleach's equation is :

4 NaOH + 3 Cl2 = 2 NaCl2 + 2 NaClO + 2 H2O

I want to know the reaction of bleach with the human skin in the form of an equation.

submitted by /u/DrMasquerade
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Why do two stroke gasoline engines have to use mixed fuel? Why aren't they designed with a separate oil system?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:53 PM PDT

The main problem with two stroke engines is that they do not burn cleanly, thus restricting their use to small applications despite their high power to weight. I do not understand why they must have the fuel be the lubricant instead of having separate oil and fuel like 4 stroke engines.

submitted by /u/bananas401k
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Will the earths core ever cool down?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:25 PM PDT

Since the earth is constantly rotating wont that cause friction with the magma, creating more heat? So will the core ever reach a cool state? Can liquid even create heat through friction?

submitted by /u/Faydid808
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Is showing the same ad to the customer multiple times like what happens on TV effective?

Posted: 08 May 2018 07:39 PM PDT

How long does it take a rain cloud to 'rain out' itself on average?

Posted: 08 May 2018 03:48 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 09 May 2018 08:12 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Do nuclear weapons like the ones used on Japan, move the clouds/affect the weather significantly?

Posted: 08 May 2018 08:42 PM PDT

I'm watching a world war II documentary and I've always been fascinated by radiation and atomic weapons. Do the blasts such as the one at Hiroshima significantly push nearby pre-blast natural clouds or affect the weather in the days after the explosion? I've always thought nukes we're THE weapon, and want to kind of understand my perceptions of their power.

submitted by /u/Jackanapes95
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How is the dark matter in the solar system organized? Is it moving?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:50 PM PDT

A few key premises of my question:

  • There's a bunch of dark matter in our system, sort of invisibly superimposed on top of the familiar sun, planets, asteroids, and other bodies
  • Dark matter is influenced by the curvature of space, so it presumably prefers to gather in the gravity wells of the sun and the planets
  • Dark matter cannot be compressed the way that baryonic matter can, so there is something like a maximum possible density of dark matter, which might mean that a comparatively small amount of dark matter could fill the space in our system

So, I envision a kind of parallel solar system, albeit one whose bodies may be less interesting because they don't interact with most of the energy in the baryonic system, and because I assume they don't really generate anything analogous to geothermal energy, which might drive movement.

What does this parallel solar system look like? Is it a colossal, solid sphere of matter that encompasses the entire system? Is it a disk? Or is dark matter clustered around the planets? Or is there not even enough to fill the sun's gravity well? How does it move? Is it like a big ball of sand, whose individual grains are free to move? Or is it more like a lump of rock?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/rogert2
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Is there any long term possibility of containing (or hopefully reversing) the ecological contamination of the Great Lakes?

Posted: 08 May 2018 12:55 PM PDT

I've read around a bit, but I haven't found a really satisfactory answer.

Is it possible for us to reverse the effects at some point, or are these invasive species here to stay?

I know that one of the solutions is to prevent the dumping of ballast tanks in the Lakes. Are there others that might be more effective at ridding the Lakes of these species (instead of just halting the influx)?

For those of you who don't know, the Great Lakes were pretty much physically isolated from the rest of the aquatic world for a really long time. Once we opened the St. Lawrence Seaway (and built a bunch of locks) we managed to bring in invasive species from elsewhere that the Lakes weren't ecologically ready for (apparently ship-borne in ballast tanks, which were dumped when they arrived in the Lakes). Zebra mussels are a good example of one such species.

submitted by /u/Pr3ssAltF4
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How do fish get around beaver dams?

Posted: 08 May 2018 03:45 PM PDT

Obviously, fish getting blocked by man made dams is a major engineering problems, so why is that not so much of a problem for beaver dams? If it isn't, why can't we just apply the beaver solution to our man made dams?

submitted by /u/LiterallyBismarck
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Is a decimal made of up all numbers in sequential order an irrational number?

Posted: 08 May 2018 07:23 PM PDT

IE: 0.123456789101112131415161718192021...

And if it does, does this number have any special meaning, or just one of many irrational numbers?

I want to lean towards yes, because if it technically contains all numbers, does that mean at point down the line the number contains all the digits of Pi too? Bonus question: Does Pi theoretically at some point down the line have a point where it repeats all of the digits of Pi? I tried googling it and didn't come up with much.

submitted by /u/Ariacilon
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Doesn't the Coastline paradox apply to everything?

Posted: 08 May 2018 03:21 PM PDT

You can zoom into anything, measure it and the small details would make its surface area basically "infinitely" big, no?

submitted by /u/nexusnuva
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What is the difference between GPS and Satellite Communication?

Posted: 09 May 2018 03:27 AM PDT

I can't seem to find anything that discusses the difference between these two systems (or if they are even two systems), so I'm applying to you, reddit hive mind, for an answer.

Specifically, what interests me is why one can't send a message over the GPS network in the same way one could over the Iridium network, and why a GPS location can't be followed if it isn't shared via a mobile network. Isn't the satellite receiving my GPS location? Why can't I opt in to that information being shared? If that were the case, I could walk around and spell out "HELP" with my track, and fellow mountaineers could see it in real time.

Background, I'm a mountain guide and often head out to remote places with no mobile network coverage. I'm contemplating buying a small satellite messaging device to stay in touch (like the Garmin InReach), and I'm wondering why a phone's GPS can't do the same thing. And if it isn't possible yet, why not and could it ever be?

submitted by /u/Danniel33
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Tuesday, May 8, 2018

When this lava is moving along the surface, what is it doing to the underlying soil and rock. Partially melting them? Is it more of a layering that is going to just erode back to the bedrock, which I suppose is just old magma? Any volcanologists or geologists out there?

When this lava is moving along the surface, what is it doing to the underlying soil and rock. Partially melting them? Is it more of a layering that is going to just erode back to the bedrock, which I suppose is just old magma? Any volcanologists or geologists out there?


When this lava is moving along the surface, what is it doing to the underlying soil and rock. Partially melting them? Is it more of a layering that is going to just erode back to the bedrock, which I suppose is just old magma? Any volcanologists or geologists out there?

Posted: 08 May 2018 01:22 AM PDT

How did they weld before they had protective glasses/masks?

Posted: 08 May 2018 02:33 AM PDT

There is a news alert in my city that ozone levels are predicted to be dangerously high this afternoon. How are ozone levels predicted for a particular day and place?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:01 AM PDT

Do obese people have more blood?

Posted: 07 May 2018 03:59 AM PDT

Do obese people have more blood (more ml)?

If they do, how much more? It's a proportional increase based on some formula that takes the weight/mass of the body and gender and other factors into consideration?

submitted by /u/roblinger
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[Physics] How did physicists prove that gravitational waves do not travel faster than the speed of light?

Posted: 08 May 2018 12:46 AM PDT

Why are there fresh and salt water varieties of most aquatic life, but no freshwater cephalopods?

Posted: 07 May 2018 02:55 PM PDT

There seems to be at least somewhat-analogous pairings in fresh and salt water for most types of aquatic life, but there doesn't seem to be a single cephalopod that lives in fresh water. Why are there no freshwater octopuses or squids?

submitted by /u/djsedna
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Is there a rule for makes certain isotopes "unstable" and radioactive while other isotopes are "stable"?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:39 AM PDT

What's the difference? Why is Boron-10 and Boron 11 stable, while Boron-9 and Boron-12 are unstable?

Is there a universal rule for all elements on which of their isotopes are radioactive or stable?

submitted by /u/fedexpressions
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To what degree is gasoline (petrol) from different brands actually different?

Posted: 08 May 2018 07:47 AM PDT

Yesterday, I saw an add from ExxonMobil -- it wasn't this one, but it made a similar claim about their seven ingredients being precisely formulated to do wonderful things (I think it was improve gas mileage). I know that I've heard similar claims from other gas companies claiming that their gas is the best (cleanest! best fuel economy! longest engine life!, etc.).

Is this all just marketing gimmicks, or are there actual chemical differences between the various companies' gas?

submitted by /u/nudave
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[Planetary Sciences] Is the ozone layer depleting or not?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:01 AM PDT

On January 8th 2018, NASA released their findings on a study they were doing on the ozone layer depletion. Their findings revealed that the ozone layer was "healing" as result of the global ban on the manufacturing on CFCs. This is the article: NASA Study: First Direct Proof of Ozone Hole Recovery Due to Chemicals Ban.

On February 6th 2018, Forbes released this article: Sorry, Earth, The Ozone Layer Isn't Healing Itself After All. I read the scientific explanation in that article (most of it went over my head), they don't acknowledge any of NASA's findings.

Were NASA's findings wrong, or is it some sort of "technically..." kinda thing? Is there a scientific explanation is for this?

PS: Been watching One Strange Rock and it's LIT.

submitted by /u/intensethrowaway
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What is the biological process behind the ‘impending doom’ feeling that occurs before things like heart attacks and brain aneurysms?

Posted: 07 May 2018 12:14 PM PDT

I've heard that doctors and nurses have to take a patient seriously when they get a feeling of impending doom as there has be many case of people with totally fine vitals, suddenly get this feeling and then suffer heart attacks or brain aneurysms. I was wondering what actually causes this effect and how does the body know something is going to happen.

submitted by /u/KingsMountainView
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Is there any convincing scientific evidence Chronic Fatigue Syndrome actually exists?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:13 AM PDT

Let's face it we would all rather lie on the couch in a dark room binge watching Netflix some days, is it 'possible' that all CFS sufferers just want to do this every day or is there any actual proven scientific evidence to suggest that its not made up?

submitted by /u/limjongchilli
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Does breast milk change taste depending on what the mother eats, and if so, are there any correlations between what the mother ate while breastfeeding and what the child likes to eat later in life?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:00 AM PDT

We've all heard that pineapple taste transfers to male ejaculate, and that eating asparagus makes urine smell, so I'd assume that the same is true for breast milk. Is that correct?

And if it is, are there any studies on how this affects the preferences of a child later in life? Let's say the mother eats a lot of pineapple while breastfeeding: Would this result in the kid liking pineapple later on?

I've tried Google, but the only things I found were speculations and anecdotes.

submitted by /u/ChuckCarmichael
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Stemming from a TIL post ("TIL the human womb is the oxygen equivalent of the top of Mt Everest, designed to keep the fetus asleep 95% of the time"), what is the true oxygenation level in the womb and what percentage of the time are fetuses asleep?

Posted: 07 May 2018 01:41 PM PDT

This was posted on TIL, and basically the comments didn't really provide a clear explanation of their reasoning behind their title. Is the oxygenation of blood from the placenta truly equal to "the top of Mt Everest" and what percentage of the time are fetuses asleep in the womb? Are these directly related or independent of one another?

submitted by /u/lunamoon_girl
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What is the smallest something can be and still be magnetic? Can an individual iron atom be magnetic?

Posted: 08 May 2018 12:36 AM PDT

What is phase velocity in a matter wave and how can it travel faster than light?

Posted: 08 May 2018 07:32 AM PDT

We're doing matter waves in class and my teacher told me that the phase velocity of the wave travels at a speed greater than c as Vphase×Vgroup=c2 and Vgroup is always <c. She also said something about how this is possible as it does not carry any information and Einstein's theory only limits these waves at c if they carry some information. I have not understood this concept and need clarification.

submitted by /u/HeisenBohr
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What are the main differences/similarities between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?

Posted: 08 May 2018 07:32 AM PDT

First time poster long time lurker.

I recently went on a bit of a Wiki dive when looking at Petrichor, and found out about actinobacteria and the Gram test, but I can't quite discern from looking at the two wikis the differences and similarities of what Gram Positive and Negative bacteria have. I am not a scientist in any regard, but I find this fascinating regardless. Especially the study of Petrichor and Human evolution/sensitivity to the smell (like 5 parts to a trillion or something? idk, I'm an archaeologist.) and the ability to find food after a drought.

It's just cool, but yeah I was wondering what, if any, are the main differences and/or similarities there are between Gram Positive and Gram negative bacteria are and if the test is as important as it sounds?

submitted by /u/DyspraxicRob
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Can a person still suffer hearing damage even when they're unconscious? If you're in a coma and there's loud music being playing in your ears for weeks, would it effect your hearing when you wake up?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:57 AM PDT

So why don’t we use sterling engines in cars?

Posted: 08 May 2018 06:42 AM PDT

I understand that they would be two slow to start up for just driving around town, but why not put them in hybrids like the Prius or something that is primarily electric to power the battery?

submitted by /u/I_AM_THE_REDDITOR
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What is the expected “life timeline” of the Elephant’s Foot at Chernobyl?

Posted: 07 May 2018 10:20 AM PDT

Obviously this question could fit under multiple flairs, but I decided chemistry was the most appropriate.

So obviously the Elephant's Foot at Chernobyl is the most radioactive place on Earth, and is therefore very dangerous. So what I'm wondering is how long will it be there? When will it eventually lose its radioactivity? What will it be made of when it loses its radioactivity? What is the half life of Elephant's Foot at this point? Thanks in advanced!

submitted by /u/molgera85
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How does epigenetic inheritance work?

Posted: 07 May 2018 01:39 PM PDT

I understand how we inherit DNA from our mothers and fathers, and how their DNA is replicated, but how do epigenetic changes that take place during a parent's lifetime get passed on to the child? I understand how methylation of DNA can repress some genes, and histone wrapping can make some genes less expressed, but I don't understand how it can be passed on. How does DNA methylation/acetylation etc. of genes get passed on to offspring?

submitted by /u/thecorndogmaker
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How far does the central ray of the ionizing radiation burst extend to from a dental X-ray machine?

Posted: 07 May 2018 03:52 PM PDT

I understand that variables like mA and KV exist, but what would be a ballpark figure of the distance range of the ionizing radiation's effective distance?

submitted by /u/TheMythof_Feminism
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How do painkillers work?

Posted: 08 May 2018 05:18 AM PDT

Why does silica remain after high-sulphidation processess but are leached out in unconformity-uranium systems?

Posted: 07 May 2018 05:46 PM PDT

Hey /r/askscience,

This will probably sound like a mineral-deposits essay question... What differences exist between high-sulphidation epithermal environments and unconformity uranium deposits pertaining to the retention or dissolution of silica?

Phases of silica are the only minerals left after the highly acidic (high sulphidation) epithermal fluids (or gases) pass through the system. pHs commonly below 1! Yet, in unconformity uranium deposits entire sandstone sequences hundreds of meters thick can be desilicified under pH conditions of 2-3? Are unconformity U deposit - fluids nitric acid rich? HF rich? Higher temperature?

Thanks guys- this has actually been something I've wondered on-off about for the last few years!

submitted by /u/Dudekahedron
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Material in Hawaii's recent eruption?

Posted: 08 May 2018 12:24 AM PDT

What kind of volcanic material was released in the recent Hawaii eruption?

submitted by /u/TrueFirefox
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