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Sunday, March 25, 2018

What is the maximum number of atoms that can exist within a molecule?

What is the maximum number of atoms that can exist within a molecule?


What is the maximum number of atoms that can exist within a molecule?

Posted: 25 Mar 2018 01:18 AM PDT

How exactly does the rabies virus control human beings (stop them from drinking)?

Posted: 25 Mar 2018 01:21 AM PDT

What is the mechanism the virus uses to control human behavior? Does it override programs in the motor cortex? Does it program fear of water in the amygdala? Or does it just block muscles in the throat? I find it very hard to understand how a virus can manipulate something as complex and deliberate as human behavior. Video

submitted by /u/Proteus_Dagon
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Do insects have muscles? If so, are they structurally similar to ours, and why can some, like ants, carry so much more weight than us proportionally? If not, what to they have that acts as a muscle?

Posted: 25 Mar 2018 02:12 AM PDT

Can someone explain the reasons for why the big crunch theory is not considered the most likely scenario for how the universe will end?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 07:00 PM PDT

To clarify:

1) Just because we can currently observe the universe accellerating does in no way, shape or form mean it will do so forever?

As a metaphor. If I throw a ball really hard, then it will accellerate at an increasing rate before slowing down, stopping, or bouncing back. I don't understand how we being able to observe the universe expanding now, no matter how rapidly, is evidence that it will never slow down, halt, or rebound. Considering a cosmic timeframe, our observation of the motion of the universe would be insignificantly small compared to the full motion in question.

2) Wouldn't our very existence be proof of the big freeze being wrong? By that I mean: If the universe could end / was finite. Then the odds of us existing would be non-existent?

Scenario A) The universe is finite
Scenario B) The universe is infinite

Scenario B is likely, because we exist.
And scenario A is almost infinitely unlikely, because if life could only exist a finite amount of times, then the chance of us existing in a set number in a finite chain would be immeasurably low? When talking statistics, then we existing in universe 1/1, 4/5 or 55/84 or 999/999 is actually so unlikely that it borders to impossible? This because whatever follows a set number would be infinity. In other words, in an infinite timespan us existing in a finite universe would be an impossibility?

3) The big crunch is the theory that best explains the nature of existence? If the universe has a mechanism that causes it to explode/implode infinitely, then it fits the law of conservation of energy perfectly, as well as explaining how probable it is that we exist in the first place?

submitted by /u/Ouroboros612
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Is there a way the heat produced in a exothermic reaction can be reduced?

Posted: 25 Mar 2018 01:02 AM PDT

What the title says.

submitted by /u/TheDragonRebornEMA
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Is there a reason most planets are spherical?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 10:54 PM PDT

Do glasses meant to help far away vision help see things that are "far" away in a computer monitor like in a video or a game?

Posted: 25 Mar 2018 01:36 AM PDT

What determines which wavelengths of light are reflected and which ones are absorbed by a certain dye?

Posted: 25 Mar 2018 12:44 AM PDT

I know that blue paint reflects blue light and absorbs for example red light, but I would like to know why it does that. What happens inside the paint?

submitted by /u/thwi
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How do scientists or anyone know if a star they see and believe to have discovered isn't already discovered and documented?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 11:52 PM PDT

Can spectroscopic measurments distinguish between a gas of atomic hydrogen and one of molecular hydrogen (H2)? If so, how?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 11:35 PM PDT

Does quantity of viruses/bacterias on initial infection even matter since they will replicate anyway?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 09:35 AM PDT

Simply: is there any difference between being infected by 1 specimen and 1000 specimens of HIV virus for example?

submitted by /u/pikorro
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Are atolls floating or are they connected to the submerged volcanos?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 03:54 PM PDT

How do we know how long Jupiter’s red spot has been there?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 10:45 AM PDT

Since a particle would need to have no mass to travel at the speed of light, could something with negative mass travel faster than light?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 06:47 PM PDT

What does it mean to say there is a frequency associated with an analog signal?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 04:25 PM PDT

When performing measurements using analog instruments such as a thermocouple, there is an output signal such as voltage that can be used to determine the temperature of the hot end of the thermocouple.

But since the output voltage is constant, assuming its a stead state process, why is there a frequency associated with the signal? Won't the signal consist of a single voltage reading? (and random variations due to noise) So over time, the voltage vs time plot will show a straight line generally speaking, with some noise fluctuations.

What is the function of something like a low-pass filter in this scenario? How can there be a frequency if there is no periodicity in the signal?

submitted by /u/KingDignus
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Does a magnetic MRI machine have an effect on the Iron in our blood?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 01:26 PM PDT

What brought forth the double Slit Experiment? Why or what theories was it meant to test, and how did those Ideas form?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 05:49 PM PDT

I was Musing the little I know about the strange quantum universe... I understand the double Slit Experiment, the importance of finding an interference pattern, and how that I helped form the uncertainty principle...

What got experimenters to even start thinking that direction?

submitted by /u/SelfProclaimedBadAss
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What are the benefits of Nuclear Fusion?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 08:58 AM PDT

Strong/weak nuclear forces vs. gravity - can I just combine them?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 08:38 PM PDT

Let's imagine for a second that combining the 3 forces into 1 overall attraction/repulsion function based on distance would be used for a particle simulator I am writing for curiosity sake.

This is what the function would look like:

https://i.imgur.com/7vLhjy2.png

The concept being that as a new particle position is calculated, instead of calculating the strength of each 3 forces seperately, just do it all in one shot. When the function returns a positive value from the green region, they are attracting based on the effect of gravity - green region. When there is enough force to push them past the negative function return - red region - they will be bound together.

The coulomb barrier would represent the magnitude of the red region, binding force in the blue region, etc... The specifics of the function in terms of distance ranges and magnitudes can be put in for accuracy.

The motivation for looking at it like this is for a particle simulator I am writing:

https://www.reddit.com/r/Simulated/comments/86utfm/digital_phyics_saturday_halfway_decent_particle/

and am having a heck of a time trying to get the particles to become stable and bind together to form nuceli. Despite my best efforts to calculate the 3 forces individually and apply them only results in particles scattering around and never fully accurately modeling what they should be doing.

I cannot seem to find any references towards the concept of combining them into a single function. Is this something which has already been looked at in physics?

submitted by /u/anotherlittlewave
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How were horses used to make glue?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 09:49 AM PDT

Why do cicadas come out once every 17 years?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 04:15 PM PDT

From a biological standpoint, what is the purpose of this?

submitted by /u/taiwanna
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Saturday, March 24, 2018

What is the inside of a nebula like?

What is the inside of a nebula like?


What is the inside of a nebula like?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 05:05 AM PDT

In most science fiction I've seen nebulas are like storm clouds with constant ion storms. How accurate is this? Would being inside a nebula look like you're inside a storm cloud and would a ship be able to go through it or would their systems be irreparably damaged and the ship become stranded there?

submitted by /u/Rock_Zeppelin
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What happens a chimpanzee baby is raised by bonobos? And vice versa? Will they adapt to their new societies? Can chimpanzees cross breed with bonobos?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 04:16 AM PDT

Can chimpanzee babies be adapted by bonobos, and vice versa? If so, will the regular chimpanzee baby be more peaceful, adapt to a more matriarchal society of bonobo monkeys? Will the bonobo chimpanzee raised by regular chimps be more aggressive? (I am assuming that chimps are more violent, but correct me if I am wrong).

submitted by /u/Judge____Holden
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Why are volcanic lightning sometimes red?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 04:20 AM PDT

I just watched some videos and often theyre normal blue but in some videos the lightnings are red like in movies or something. Why does that happen?

submitted by /u/Redluff
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iss stil orbits inside the atmosphere?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 02:33 AM PDT

this information could be wrong but the iss orbits at circa 400 Km while the earths atomosphere continues to 480 km, does the iss compensate for the atmospheric drag in some way or is there just so little air up there that it doesnt really matter?

sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station

https://www.space.com/17683-earth-atmosphere.html

submitted by /u/tsloa
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how do brain-less orgasms (like jellyfish) know how to survive (eat food, reproduce, etc.)?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 07:42 PM PDT

How does the release of neurotransmitters from varicosities stimulate the contraction of smooth muscle cell?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 04:07 AM PDT

I am a little bit confused about how smooth muscle cells are stimulated by the release of neurotransmitters.

I know that in skeletal muscle, Ach binds to receptors on the sarcolemma causing sodium ion channels to open generating an action potential. This action potential then travels down the T-tubules and thus trigger the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

How does the release of neutrotransmitter from the varicosities cause the ultimate opening of calcium ion channels in the smooth muscle cell?

submitted by /u/pancakedevil
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In space with no gravity, which way do plant roots grow?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 09:52 AM PDT

Okay I remember from high school that if you plant a seed in dirt, the seed automatically knows which way to direct its roots due to gravity. But imagine a scenario similar to the movie Walle where we are traveling through space in the middle of the galaxy without any local planets or stars influencing our ship. If we stuck a seed into a dirt container in our ship, would the roots branch out randomly, or point towards the nearest system?

Another question if we were in one of those spinning cylindrical colonies (similar to the ones in gundam) in space that simulates gravity. Gravity is the attraction of mass, but could the seed tell that this centripetal force isn't really gravity? Or would it be tricked to thinking it is gravity and still plant it's roots outward of this spinning colony.

Follow up extremely hypothetical question assuming the seed roots do grow normally in a spinning colony: if we planted a seed here on earth, but made a small device that spun the dirt and seed in a circle (similar to the colony in space), but the force acting on the seed was greater than earths gravity, would the roots point outward in our little device or still down towards gravity?

submitted by /u/3-day-respawn
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How does the electrical conductivity of plasma compare to typical conductors, say, copper or aluminum?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 06:49 PM PDT

How does the captcha "I am not a robot" work?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 09:24 PM PDT

Couldn't you just make a robot that ticks the box if it encounters one?

submitted by /u/KappaDoglike
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Do all electrons form Cooper pairs in superconductors?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 11:58 AM PDT

And if they don't, what percentage doesn't? Does it depend on the material or the temperature?

I haven't been able to find these answers online or in my textbooks. Searching tips would also be very welcome :)

submitted by /u/Kardinality
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Applying the duet/octet rule, why is carbon monoxide stable?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 11:06 PM PDT

Since Oxygen only needs 2 electrons on the M layer and Carbon needs 4; how is a C≡O triple bond stable?

submitted by /u/khodor2012
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Is there anything you can wrap around a magnet to block the magnetic field?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 10:21 PM PDT

How do solar panels work?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 07:34 PM PDT

Why is it that when you put 2 mirrors directly opposite of each other, it'll reflect an infinite image that starts curving to one direction?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 04:32 PM PDT

What would the stars look like from the dark side of a tidally locked planet? Would each star only be visible for part of each year?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 01:05 PM PDT

How does preservation of bodies work(cadavers, animals for study, etc)?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 05:04 PM PDT

Besides the use of formaldehyde I don't know what happens. How does this chemical 'preserve' things, are other things involved, when/is there a time limit before the body continues decomposition?

Obviously there's other methods people used to use and other methods in general, and the misfortune some have in extreme conditions like freezing cold or swampy areas, I just often study near this particular chemical when dissecting.

submitted by /u/sine_nomine_meo
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Has quantum supremacy been achieved?

Posted: 24 Mar 2018 05:00 AM PDT

What is the timeline/path for new medical treatments from first reports to human trials?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 06:42 AM PDT

I have read for so long now about CRISPR and extending telomeres both as possible treatments for many conditions including muscular dystrophy. In this age, I know early studies turn into sensationalized news rapidly. However, what is the realistic timeline or path these concepts take until we see human trials and/or applications?

submitted by /u/ryanh221
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Why does frost form patterns on its own?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 11:29 AM PDT

For example when you see frost on a car window its rarely even and it has all kinds of lines that aren't surrounded by frost etc.

submitted by /u/perkelem
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Does all Black Holes have the same density?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 12:58 PM PDT

I realize they do not have the same mass, but is the density believed to be the same?

submitted by /u/NulloK
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Huge crack appears in Africa. Why?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 06:55 AM PDT

A huge crack has appeared in Africa and could be the continent beginning to split in two. Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-africa-43501954/huge-crack-opens-in-kenya-s-rift-valley

This is pretty crazy that suddenly land can just rip apart like this on a large scale. I understand it happening overtime with earthquakes and I understand when it involves ice. But this just seems crazy.

Has anything like this happened over the past several hundred years or is this a first in thousands of years?

What could be the cause other than heavy rain mixed with there being a fault? Can this happen anywhere or only where there is a fault line? Could a new fault line occur in a new part of the world and if so how quickly as this crack appeared almost instantly?

submitted by /u/geon106
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Friday, March 23, 2018

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dr. Ellen Currano and I am the (sometimes bearded) face of women in paleontology. AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dr. Ellen Currano and I am the (sometimes bearded) face of women in paleontology. AMA!


AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dr. Ellen Currano and I am the (sometimes bearded) face of women in paleontology. AMA!

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 04:00 AM PDT

I am a paleontologist and professor at the University of Wyoming who studies fossil plants and ancient climate change. I have dug up fossils on six continents, with most of my work in Wyoming and Ethiopia. I co-produced and starred in The Bearded Lady Project: Challenging the Face of Science, a documentary film and traveling portrait exhibition that celebrates the work of female paleontologists and highlights the challenges and obstacles they face. You can read more about my work, research, and the fight for gender equality in the science community in Quartz's How We'll Win series. I'll be on at 2pm eastern (18 UT), ask me anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What causes moles to appear on our skin?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 09:07 AM PDT

Is groundwater (i.e. the depth to the water table) affected by the gravitational pull of the moon like tides?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 12:50 AM PDT

Do we have greater precipitation due to the ice caps melting?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 04:38 AM PDT

According to the front page, hydrological events are on the rise. Is this due to a lesser amount of the planet's water being locked up as ice at the Poles?

submitted by /u/RedEddy
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Can ubiquitin be degraded via the proteasome?

Posted: 23 Mar 2018 04:04 AM PDT

I'm learning about the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway, and I was wondering if ubiquitin can be degraded by this pathway? Can it be degraded at all (by the lysosomal pathway or others)?

submitted by /u/chocolatem00se
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When leeches and bats suck blood does that blood goes directly on their bloodstream or on their digestive system?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 08:16 PM PDT

And if the digestive system is the answer(most likely), how hard is to digest blood?

submitted by /u/Olirum94
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Why are left-handed people often excluded from psychological and neurological research studies?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 01:44 PM PDT

Also, has there been any research on the impact this has had on left-handed people (i.e. is this cohort at a disadvantage, particularly when it comes to treatment efficacy, because they are so often excluded from research populations?)

submitted by /u/sionnachglic
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Is it possible (theoretically) to cause nuclear fusion through a purely kinetic method, or in layman's terms smash two objects together really hard to fuse them?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 03:35 PM PDT

Where there any deserts on Pangaea?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 05:34 PM PDT

These desertified lands does not seem normal for our planet, are they?

Edit: "were", not "where" of course

submitted by /u/efojs
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Given the violent reaction with normal matter, what do scientists do with antimatter when they are through with it (plus another antimatter question in the comments)?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 04:21 PM PDT

I have a couple of antimatter questions.

A few years ago, scientists created some antihydrogen atoms and kept them suspended for around 20 mins (IIRC).

  • Since antimatter violently reacts with normal matter, what did the scientists do with the antihydrogen after the experiment? How did they "dispose" of it?

  • Spectral analysis reveals which element(s) are present in an atmosphere. Does antihydrogen give off the same spectral lines as hydrogen?

submitted by /u/BloodSoakedDoilies
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What chemical processes give bread its crunchy crust?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 09:04 PM PDT

Why do sharks have eyes on the sides of their head?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 04:56 PM PDT

I grew up being told that herbavores have eyes on the sides of their heads to see predators, and predators have eyes on the front of their heads for depth perception, to catch prey. I just realized that sharks have eyes on the sides of their heads in spite of being predatory. Anyone up to explain?

submitted by /u/redditless
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Can you deduce thermal properties of metals from their mechanical properties, or does their internal structure not allow for this?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 02:06 PM PDT

Aluminium, for example, has a low fracture point and elastic limit whereas steel's is very high. Does this mean you can know their relative thermal properties, or are the thermal properties of metals totally independent of this?

submitted by /u/mechtherm
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What determines which way graphite layers will face during crystallization?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 12:10 PM PDT

How were atoms/molecules observed before the quantum microscope and spectroscopy?

Posted: 22 Mar 2018 04:57 PM PDT

The period table began being built long before such technology but different elements were recognized. How? How do we know that in chemical reactions the molecules break up and recombine into those specific products? How were the elements/atoms in products observed?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/ra4king
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