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Sunday, March 4, 2018

When we extract energy from tides, what loses energy? Do we slow down the Earth or the Moon?

When we extract energy from tides, what loses energy? Do we slow down the Earth or the Moon?


When we extract energy from tides, what loses energy? Do we slow down the Earth or the Moon?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:11 AM PST

Dry ice sublimates at around -80°C. Coldest temperature on earth measured ~= -89°C. Does CO2 start to condense?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:58 AM PST

Hello :-)

I am currently using dry ice with students in the tinker workshop. We where curious... What happens when the atmosphere gets colder?

Weird Snow? Frost? Or would it need to be significantly colder?

Random quote from currentResults

Vostok, Antarctica -89.2°C -128.5°F July 21, 1983

Vostok, Antarctica -88.3°C -126.9°F August 24, 1960

Plateau Station, Antarctica -86.2°C -123.1°F July 20, 1968

Dome Argus, Antarctica -82.5°C -116.5°F July, 2005

Thanks, have a nice day! :-)

submitted by /u/schorhr
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Do animals that mate for life (eg. Penguins, beavers, etc.) sleep around a bit before mating for life or do they just spend the rest of their lives with the first one they mate with?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 08:30 AM PST

Why are potato chips usually hyperbolic, but not flat or elliptic?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 01:00 PM PST

Not sure if that's appropriate flair, but anyways. Usually potato chips are slightly saddle shaped, meaning they curve in opposite directions along the length and width of them (hyperbolic). Why don't they curve more like a sphere, in the same direction both ways (elliptic)? Why curve at all? I know it takes work to change the curvature of something, my understanding is that's why you can fold pizza to stop it from drooping.

submitted by /u/iaswob
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How would a theoretical "metallic hydrogen" rocket thruster work?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 02:50 AM PST

Can't seem to find this information on the internet. Only found out that it was "lighter" and "more efficient" than regular hydrogen fuel, but how would it work, in depth, as a proper rocket fuel in an actual rocket engine?

Additional Questions: Does this type of thrust require an oxidizer? Is metallic hydrogen still just two hydrogen atoms single-bonded to one another like regular rocket propellant or something different entirely? Does it have different phases than regular hydrogen (i.e. when is it a solid, liquid, etc.)? What are other benefits of metallic hydrogen

submitted by /u/HaythamJubilee
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How do we know/estimate the colour of dinosaur feathers/scales/skin without any real images of them?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 05:13 PM PST

I've always wondered how scientists/ graphics designers came up with the coulored reconstructions of dinosaurs.

I've lived off the theory thus far that it's all guess work based around their natural environment and how they interact with it. Or possibly, that cells of their bone were analysed and subsequent pigment cells could be guesstimated from that.

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Coppo123
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Does sign language differ significantly from country to country?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 08:18 PM PST

Is there an audio equivalent of Framerate? And can our ears notice it?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:24 AM PST

For example, while viewing a slowed down video, there are less frames per second so things seem jumpy and jittery, but you can record at high frame rates to counteract this. If we were to listen to sound slowed down, would there be gaps that were audible? And could that be negated by high bitrate recording?

submitted by /u/juxtapositionally
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Are there any animal species living on the seabed that are unable to swim?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:59 AM PST

I mean species that would be too heavy to be able to swim up, so they would be living exclusively at the bottom of the seabed, maybe able to somewhat "jump" etc, but not actually swim freely in all directions.

Are there any species like that? And if so, is there any evolutionary purpose to losing the ability to swim as a species that live under water?

submitted by /u/ncilm
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How do we actually know if quantum particles can teleport?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 07:31 PM PST

I just learned about Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and that you can't interact with a quantum particle directly due to needing to introduce energy to get a response. I also recently learned about quantum tunneling, that particles can jump through space.

How can we tell that this happens due to the inability of directly viewing these particles?

And could the effect of observing something cause this affect?

Like could the interaction cause the particle to move in the first place, and due to the lack of being able to accurately track it could that seem like it's "skipping" or jumping through space?

Sorry for the formatting, on mobile.

submitted by /u/ecrous-deez
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How do we know that the conservation of energy is an actual thing?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 01:40 AM PST

I don't really know a lot about physics, but from the stuff I've come across everyone seems to treat the conservation of energy or information as given, but how do we know that that's a thing?

submitted by /u/anAwkwardPoolNoodle
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What causes particles to behave in paired ways in quantum entanglement?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 02:01 AM PST

Curious about the nature of the agency that causes particles to behave similarly. Is there any limit on the distance apart that they can be for this effect to still make itself felt?

submitted by /u/Chicken_Spanker
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Why do hurricanes weaken over land, while incredibly strong and violent tornadoes can form and sustain themselves entirely over land?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 04:32 PM PST

Why does any system/particles/electrons/atoms tend to be on the position with the lowest energy state?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 05:31 AM PST

I understand that the way electrons "fit" around the nucleus is such that they are in the lowest energy state possible. I'm also told that this is also the reason why atoms and various compounds/molecules are formed but why is this so? Is there any specific reason? Also how does the electron/atom "know" that it's in the lowest energy state and how it has to align itself?

submitted by /u/devil_lvl666
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Is it possible to run an entire home off grid using DC power and renewable energy?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 05:02 AM PST

Is it possible to run an entire home off grid using DC power and renewable energy?

I mean so power from an array of rooftop solar panels , and perhaps a small DC garden wind turbine A Battery storage sufficient to take and store renewable energy to power the home when there is not enough energy being produced.

All appliances are efficient like DC LED light bulbs, televisions, future electric car charging etc.

Many items now run of USB power like phones, laptops etc, and with things like TYPE C and other usb advances even more power hungry products can now be used

So whats stopping us from skipping AC if your producing sufficient energy, has it been done, can it be done, does everything in the home have a DC equivalent, and how much more efficient will it be, and will be seeing future homes running of DC entirely?

submitted by /u/AzzzYYzzzA
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What is just the relativistic effect on the orbit of S0-2 around Sagittarius A*? By how much would it theoretically precess?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 04:22 PM PST

I understand that the "daisy petal effect" on Mercury's orbit is 40 - 43 arc seconds more per century than can be accounted for by the laws of motion, that Einstein's GR accounts for perfectly. There was a measurable GR effect on a tiny body coming within 4.7 x 107 km of 1 solar mass, how about on a 15M body coming within 1.8 x 1010 km of a 4.3 x 106 solar masses? Would S0-2 precess more or less than Mercury? (I'm discussing the GR component of precession only. I realize most of Mercury's 570 arc seconds of precession per century is due to effects from the other planets. I have no way of calculating that for S0-2.)

Edit: changed "per year" to "per century" and changed the values. "per year" implies one orbit, but then i realized its one earthly orbit and 4.15 mercurian orbits and now I hate it.

submitted by /u/quantasmm
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How do people know what the Milky Way looks like?

Posted: 04 Mar 2018 04:23 AM PST

Why does neutrinoless double beta decay only result in matter production?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 02:12 PM PST

I was reading about attempts to detect neutrinoless double beta decay. The basic idea is that if neutrinos are their own antiparticles, then in the rare instance that a double beta decay occurs, the two antineutrinos can annihilate each other leaving only the two e- behind. This is a possible explanation or pathway to why there is matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe.

But why would this process not equally occur with double beta-plus decay? Is there a physical mechanism meaning it only happens in double beta-minus decay? Or is double beta-minus decay simply hypothesised to be more common (or less rare) than double beta-plus decay?

submitted by /u/nottherealslash
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How do scientists know that a rock is a meteorite?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 04:22 PM PST

I was reading an article that mentioned the first meteorite found from mercury and wanted to know how they figure out that it's not from earth at all but from a different source?

submitted by /u/lordflores
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Why does the windchill make it feel colder outside even though the real temperature is still the same?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 10:57 PM PST

Forgive me if this is a simple answer and I'm not realize it, but it has been excessively windier than usual (30-40mph) in the northeast and made me wonder why it feels colder outside when the wind is blowing even though the temperature warmer than it really feels?

submitted by /u/flopzy
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How physicists proves that quantum superposition is real?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 10:33 PM PST

Saturday, March 3, 2018

Is it possible to have 2 planets orbiting a sun in the goldilock zone?

Is it possible to have 2 planets orbiting a sun in the goldilock zone?


Is it possible to have 2 planets orbiting a sun in the goldilock zone?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 03:17 PM PST

Sorry if there is any grammar issues.

submitted by /u/Pehmizz
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Why and how can flashing lights trigger epilepsy seisures? What happens in the brain?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 05:23 AM PST

If heavier elements 'sink' towards the core of a star, why does fusion still occur there?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 04:05 AM PST

Wouldn't the Hydrogen and Helium primarily used for fusion be in the outer layers, with the inner layers being mostly unfusionable elements?

submitted by /u/KSoThisOneTime
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How much heat would be retained from the change in albedo if the arctic sea ice was lost, compared to what is retained from the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 04:08 AM PST

How powerful is ice-albedo feedback?

Does this tip us into a warmer world even if we bring CO₂ concentrations back to 350ppm(v)?

Or is the warming from the total loss of the northern summer sea ice relatively small compared to direct (meaning before feedbacks) anthropogenic greenhouse warming?

submitted by /u/ActuallyNot
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Why do scientists specifically look for water and oxygen rich planets when finding extraterrestrial life?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 07:04 AM PST

Wouldn't microorganisms be able to evolve to use the resources available on the planet? For instance, a carbon rich planet could potentially have life forms that uses the carbon as their "oxygen".

submitted by /u/fafaqweqwe
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Why does breath start to smell bad when people are hungry?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 10:11 AM PST

Is it because the oral bacterial waste is building up or does it have something to do with the emptiness of the stomach? Why does eating make the bad smell go away?

submitted by /u/chocolatem00se
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How do reflex sights have a reticle that focus on the target without taking into account the distance to the target?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 05:14 AM PST

Let's say that my field of view through the sight is about average. Now if I focus through my reflex sight with a 0.00000005 degree parallax angle to the axis of the barrel - then it may be possible for the target to be so far that it does not even come into my field of view - but the reticle will appear in the FOV nonetheless. Where the reticle exactly is should depend on the z-axis to the target, shouldn't it?

submitted by /u/JohnStuartMiller
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Could we start using older antibiotics again?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 10:17 PM PST

The way some resistance works is by actively producing proteins, that's a disadvantage if the antibiotics aren't used.

Will the mutation die out eventually, and how many antibiotics could this happen to?

submitted by /u/Spartan-417
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Does the vast quantity of salt spread onto roads to prevent freezing have a negative effect on the local environment?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 09:17 AM PST

Currently experiencing an unusually intense cold snap in the UK and local gritters are out spreading in force. But when the ice melts and the salt dissolves, won't this leave a lot of salt water flowing into the ground etc?

submitted by /u/Hyfrith
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Are there any materials that are plasma at room temperature?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 02:39 PM PST

If different materials, can have different melting or boiling points, that's should apply to plasma too, right?

submitted by /u/SevenBall
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Why doesn't ethanol from alcohol drunk react with the triglycerides in our blood?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 05:53 PM PST

My understanding of biodiesel production is that triglycerides in vegetable oils or animal fats undergo transesterification when methanol or ethanol is added. If that's the case, then why doesn't ethanol from the alcohol that humans drink react in our bloodstream to form biodiesel?

Is there simply not enough material? Or is it occurring on such a small scale that it is negligible? Or is my understanding just wrong?

submitted by /u/Goose1357
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Asteroids with caves in them is practically a staple of science fiction. Do asteroids actually have caves in/through them? What are the mechanisms that cause them to form if so?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 04:41 PM PST

Why aren’t galaxies spherical?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 02:11 PM PST

I was following with much interest the news about S2 and its potential to provide more evidence (or potentially disprove) Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, and I got onto a tangent and ended up wondering, if every galaxy has a black hole in the middle, why do most galaxies (at least the conceptual images of galaxies) look like discs and not like spheres? A followup question would be why don't any of the planets follow an orbit pattern perpendicular to the rest of the "normal" orbits. This is my first post, so sorry for any violated rules!

submitted by /u/SwaggerTea
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Why don’t we just invent a telescope that can see other stars more clearly??

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 07:05 AM PST

If painkillers like ibuprofen lower inflammation in the body, doesn't that mean it weakens the body's immune response?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 05:49 PM PST

Something I've occasionally wondered about but I can't find clear information about. Wouldn't it be a bad thing to take ibuprofen or paracetamol for a throat ache or other discomforts like fever which you know are probably caused by, for example, a viral infection such as flu, as inflammation is how the body clears a virus? Or is there a lot more to it than this?

submitted by /u/LeVictoire
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Do certain languages have unique speech impediments?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 10:55 AM PST

There are certain ones, like stuttering, that seem universal. Are there any that only apply to one language or a select group of languages?

submitted by /u/RickStevensAndTheCat
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Is it possible there is another planet in the same orbit as us locked behind the sun always?

Posted: 03 Mar 2018 12:42 AM PST

Would we be able to tell it existed? I'm imaging we find out there's always been another populated earth behind the sun.

submitted by /u/dantheman252
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How does a calculator calculate a number with a fraction exponent? For example, 25^(3/2)

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 12:37 PM PST

what is reflection on a microscopic level?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 02:19 PM PST

can someone familiar with quantum optics explain to me what happens when a photon hits a surface an bounces back? what causes the photon to bounce back? why does it bounce off that surface at the same angle as it hits the surface?

submitted by /u/PopularPlanet
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Does reading before bed affect mood the following day based on the themes explored?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 08:41 AM PST

I've recently started reading a chapter or two of a book every night before bed. However, I'm worried about the effects of the subject matter on my mood the following day. I've heard that the brain retains information that it receives right before sleep so I'm curious if reading something sad will cause me to be less happy in the morning.

The same goes for reading news articles or watching videos before sleep. Will the subject matter and/or themes cause a change in my emotional state?

submitted by /u/etzali18
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How do we know how a reaction takes place?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 07:37 PM PST

http://nsb.wdfiles.com/local--files/c-9-5-5-1/Screen%20Shot%202011-10-09%20at%2011.29.23%20PM.png

Why does the right side carbon of the fat molecule attach to OH instead of the Na?

In this reaction, how do we know the above is true, instead of the following image? https://imgur.com/a/aMidY

In the second image, I just took the sodium from NaOH and attached it the the right side carbon group of the fat molecule. Then the OH is attached to the O in the fat molecule.

The octect rule is still satisfied. How do we know which reaction is supposed to take place if both images satisfy the rules? How do we come up with an explanation as to why one reaction occurs and the other doesn't?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Friday, March 2, 2018

When experiencing Sleep Paralysis some people feel like they can't move while others instead are met with a feeling of deep fear. What is the cause of that?

When experiencing Sleep Paralysis some people feel like they can't move while others instead are met with a feeling of deep fear. What is the cause of that?


When experiencing Sleep Paralysis some people feel like they can't move while others instead are met with a feeling of deep fear. What is the cause of that?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 01:51 AM PST

I've known people with sleep paralysis where they dreamed they couldn't move and panicked in their sleep, and others who instead felt they were too afraid to move while dreaming.

Are those two distinct versions of Sleep Paralysis or one and the same? And what causes the intense crippling fear? I'm talking about fear to move before even attempting to do so.

submitted by /u/JesusDeSaad
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If the fusion reactions in stars don't go beyond Iron, how did the heavier elements come into being? And moreover, how did they end up on earth?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 10:08 AM PST

I know the stellar death occurs when the fusion reactions stop owing to high binding energy per nucleon ratio of Iron and it not being favorable anymore to occur fusion. Then how come Uranium and other elements exist? I'm assuming everything came into being from Hydrogen which came into being after the Big bang.

Thank you everyone! I'm gonna go through the links in a bit. Thank you for the amazing answers!! :D

You guys are awesome!

submitted by /u/pr_notsmart
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What are the differences in brain function between someone in a coma and a person who is just sleeping?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 05:36 AM PST

Other than the obvious "sleeping people wake up" are there any differences in brain signals or waves in a coma patient as opposed to me when I'm asleep? (Extra props for explaining someone's brain function while they're knocked out (like from a fight))

submitted by /u/Zebrathezebra
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If bleach kills 99.9% of germs, what kind of spooky stuff is surviving in bleach?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 04:54 PM PST

If you where to place a Newton's cradle in a vacuum would it go on forever? Or would gravity still slow it down?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 05:43 AM PST

Is there any material that absorbs all sound waves like vantablack does for light?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 02:18 AM PST

Are soundproofing materials even able to be as effective as vantablack? I know that sound deadening foams and stuff exists but from what I've had experience with they only muffle it at best.

submitted by /u/kewlio250
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Why do the planets seem to be semi-limited to one plane? Why do some planets not orbit “upwards” around the sun?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 06:45 PM PST

Is the energy of an EM pulse conserved in an expanding universe?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 06:14 AM PST

Lets say I create an EM pulse with a specific total energy (and therefore also a specific number of photons at a specific wavelength) and let it propagate for billions of years through a vacuum. If I were then to measure the total energy of my pulse, would it be the same?

submitted by /u/cantfindanamethatisn
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How do astronomers pick up signals from the early universe?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 02:02 AM PST

I understand they travel at the speed of light and are from far away, hence they are from billions of years ago , but if matter expands at less of the speed of light then shouldn't those signals have gone past us long ago ?

submitted by /u/fuckedbymath
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If a nuclear bomb would go off in mid air, what shape would the "mushroom" be ?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 05:12 AM PST

I guess the mushroom shape everyone knows is also caused by the fact that the explosion occurs at ground level (or close below). If there is no restriction in any direction, what shape would the cloud have? Would there be two mushrooms? Would it be a sphere? If this is to... childish, please point me to the correct subreddit.

submitted by /u/i_i_v_o
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What happens to the Pacific Islands if the ice caps continue to melt? Will they be swallowed by the sea?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 07:06 AM PST

I just recently found out through a DNA test that my father's family is from Guam. I had a dream last night that I was there and the ocean swallowed the island.... which got me thinking...

submitted by /u/jalexan4
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Why does northern Canada look so strange on Google Maps?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 06:35 PM PST

This is what I'm referring to. A lot of northern Canada appears to have this same texture on Google Maps. Why does it look like that? What does that kind of geography look like up-close/in-person?

submitted by /u/heavyLobster
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What Makes Someone Have A Better Memory Than Somebody Else?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 02:09 AM PST

How does a flashbang grenade produce the “flash” effect?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 07:20 AM PST

The does the piece of ice that's dropped down a bore hole make the strange sound towards the end?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 07:08 AM PST

Why is Newtonian mechanics the most widely taught version of classical mechanics in the school room?

Posted: 02 Mar 2018 06:33 AM PST

I recently discovered there are various forms of mechanics that basically get to the same conclusions using different notations and operations. Newtonian, Hamiltonian, legrangian, routhian, Euler, etc. My understanding may be incorrect, but from my research it seems all of the smartest scientists and mathematicians in the old days basically came up with the same thing, only Newton typically gets the credit.

Why is Newtonian the version most taught in schools, and why do the other not even appear in basic physics textbooks?

submitted by /u/jumpmanjump25
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How do warm blooded animals maintain a stable internal temperature?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 04:39 PM PST

I know that humans maintain a universal body temperature (like 98 F), is this the same for all warmblooded animals? Or do other animals have a wider range? Also how is this heat generated, especially for humans because if 98 degrees Fahrenheit is our internal temperature, why is 75 F considered comfortable? Why is 98 F not considered comfortable? (sorry if this seems sporadic, my mind has trouble focusing)

submitted by /u/The_Real_Ernie
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What is the difference between Inertial Confinement Fusion and Magnetic Confinement Fusion? Which one is preferable?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 04:51 PM PST

Why is time measured with vibrations of the cesium atom?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 07:24 PM PST

from Wikipedia:

SI unit of time = "The duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom."

What does the "hyperfine level of ground state" mean? Why is it relevant?

submitted by /u/Stadius1
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Is the decreasing magnitude of the South Atlantic Anomaly magnetic field related to the upcoming core pole switch?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 11:35 AM PST

The Southern Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) describes an area around South America where the geometry of the Van Allen belt leads to a significantly higher area of background radiation. According to some graphs of the field strength, the Van Allen effect appears to be decreasing in a nearly linear fashion over time at a rate of about 0.25 µT/decade (2.5 mGauss/decade). I was wondering if it could be related to the flux within Earth's core, since it is expected to flip poles "soon" (on a geological timescale). This article discusses the changes and suggests that the loss in intensity is related to the increasing area of the field, not of the strength itself.

I had never heard of the SAA until recently and was intrigued.

submitted by /u/Tetrazene
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What determines the length of a species’ average life span?

Posted: 01 Mar 2018 05:40 PM PST

Has science determined what determines the average life span of a species? For example, why do tortoises live 100+ years and dogs live only 10-15 years?

submitted by /u/kmckenzie256
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