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Monday, January 15, 2018

How can people sever entire legs and survive the blood loss, while other people bleed out from severing just one artery in their leg?

How can people sever entire legs and survive the blood loss, while other people bleed out from severing just one artery in their leg?


How can people sever entire legs and survive the blood loss, while other people bleed out from severing just one artery in their leg?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 09:48 PM PST

Has nuclear testing during the 20th century contributed to climate change, and if so, to what extent?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 09:45 PM PST

Why is it better for Lithium-ion batteries to be charged after a partial discharge and not a full discharge, unlike the Nickel-based batteries, which had a memory-effect that caused them to hold less charge if they got charged repeatedly after being only partially discharged not fully discharged?

Posted: 15 Jan 2018 01:49 AM PST

According to battery experts , It's always better to charge lithium-ion batteries every time you could, and It's not recommended to wait for a full-discharge and then do a full-charge, unlike the Nickel-based batteries, Why is that?

submitted by /u/Random-Noise
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Have we discovered anything that can move faster than massless particles? If yes, what and how?

Posted: 15 Jan 2018 03:53 AM PST

Do the transitions between energy levels of an atom take time?

Posted: 15 Jan 2018 07:27 AM PST

More specifically, in an X-Ray tube, during the process of creating the characteristic spectrum, could, as a place on the lowest energy level becomes vacant, a Kγ transition start to happen, only to be "interrupted" by another transition, say from the L to the K shell?

So I guess there are two aspects to this question,

  1. Does it take time and can thus be interrupted?

  2. When are the photons released and could it happen that two photons that would correspond to transitions to the lowest energy levels are released "simultaneously"?

submitted by /u/OrganicFlu
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Is there a 3D equivalent to the "Four Color Theorem"?

Posted: 15 Jan 2018 03:12 AM PST

I know the Four Color Theorem states that 4 colors are enough to fill any planar map. Is there a three-dimensional equivalent?

Intuitively, I think it should need 42 colors, but is there a proof?

Four Color Theorem

submitted by /u/Uraniu
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In one thousand or one million or ten million years, would the nuclear age of mankind (1945+) be evident to geologists studying soil samples?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 08:49 AM PST

Magnetic Flux relative to distance from a magnet?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 06:39 PM PST

If you have a 5 Tesla magnet, how many Tesla would you have at a distance of .01 meters and how would you calculate this. Also how would the angle of the magnet normal affect this calculation. With a dipole would you simply multiply the original strength by the inverse cube of distance? ( 5T* [1/.01m3 ] )

submitted by /u/jager3339
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Would a perfectly ellipsoid balloon feel a different amount of internal pressure at its equator versus at its poles?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 07:00 PM PST

Im working on a physics project on my own and couldnt find anything helpful on the internet, so I decided to ask you guys for help. Assuming the balloon is a perfect rotational ellipsoid, would the gas inside exert a different amount of pressure at its equator versus at its poles? How could i calculate the pressure felt at some point a given percentage of the way between the equator and pole?

submitted by /u/Drozengkeep
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How can radiation travel if radiation is from particles?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 07:15 PM PST

Perhaps a stupid question, but in accidents like Fukushima Daiichi and Chernobyl, there is always talk about how the radiation spreads far from the site. How does this happen if radiation is the release of specific particles from atoms? I'm just starting to get into the different radioactive particles and don't have a very good grasp of the creation and distribution of radioactive particles from their original atoms.

submitted by /u/EdgyCommunist
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Are our gas planets in our solar system almost a perfect sphere/ellipsoid?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 08:46 PM PST

Or are there "bumps" in the atmosphere?

submitted by /u/DiabloTerrorGF
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Can you use Lagrangian equations for non-conservative projectile motion?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 01:59 PM PST

I posed this question to my math professor before the weekend, so I'm sure he will have an answer for me next lecture. However, I would like to know if I was on the right track with what I though my solution should be.

For the question we are given an object that launches vertically upward at 160 m/s and undergoes only quadratic air drag with a drag coefficient of 0.0043 m-1. The drag coefficient is defined as (k/m).

Now I've done the problem (which asks for time to max height, and distance travelled to max height, as well as total time for flight) using forces [ ma = -kv2 -mg (going up) , and ma = kv2 - mg (going down) ] but I was wondering if it would be possible to use Lagrangian equations to solve this.

From what I understand I need a dissipating function to account for the energy lost because of the air drag, and I think I can use the Rayleigh dissipation function defined as, F = (1/2)k(dy/dt)2 Then when I put the dissipation function into my equation I would set the negative partial derivative of F with respect to the partial derivative of y(dot) equal to the Lagrange equation?

At this point am I on the right track?

Thank you in advanced, and sorry for my awful formatting.

submitted by /u/Fourth_spatial
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An electron has mass, so does a charged capacitor weight more than a discharged one?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 05:40 PM PST

Why does photons have no mass?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 04:16 PM PST

Been looking at alot off stuff about photons, but have not found a good, easy and direct explanation for why they dont have any mass.

submitted by /u/MoistSyphilis
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Is it possible to demonstrate the Casimir effect without expensive equipment?

Posted: 15 Jan 2018 12:49 AM PST

Hello,

I'm curious if it's possible to demonstrate/measure the Casimir effect on a low budget with simple equipment.

submitted by /u/bobhwantstoknow
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How does a resonance chamber work, like in a guitar?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 02:15 PM PST

I understand that the string is connected to the bridge which vibrates the faceplate, but I don't understand whats going on inside the soundhole, in the body. Is it the size of the "chamber", meaning the size of the pocket of air, that determines it's resonance? How are the soundwaves coming out, not interfering with the ones going in?

submitted by /u/ch1214ch
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In what layer of the earth are convection currents and tectonic plates?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 06:46 PM PST

I have always found it confusing to visualize the convection currents, because while tectonic plates are always above, I've seen in some diagrams where they are located in the asthenosphere, the lithosphere, and the lower mantle.

submitted by /u/BlindxWizard
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Why don't stove top heating elements short circuit when you put a metal pan on them?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 11:42 AM PST

How do Hydrogen isotopes become more stable?

Posted: 15 Jan 2018 12:40 AM PST

Just a question Id like some quick clarity on. Do they just lose neutrons exclusively? Why so? Thx 8)

submitted by /u/TillyCreams
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What are the neurochemical underpinnings of midlife crises?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 01:07 PM PST

Midlife crises / existential crises are intense psychological states which may have a huge impact of the well being of people, as they act upon impulsive decisions with poor impulse control, sometimes throwing away career, assets, family, friends.

What do we know about what triggers them, and the neuro chemical cues and changes which accompany these life changing emotional crises? Bonus question: Are there ways to prevent them, or mitigate them?

submitted by /u/Gargatua13013
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Simplest/most efficient refrigeration system?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 08:46 PM PST

A piece of wire across a 9v battery for example is technically 100% efficient at converting energy into heat. Is it possible to achieve this efficiency with refrigeration? What's the most efficient refrigeration system? Or at least theoretical refrigeration system?

submitted by /u/NarrowPPHole
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Sunday, January 14, 2018

Ages 1 to 4 are very important for brain development but yet most people can't recall anything from that time period. Why don't we remember our earliest memories?

Ages 1 to 4 are very important for brain development but yet most people can't recall anything from that time period. Why don't we remember our earliest memories?


Ages 1 to 4 are very important for brain development but yet most people can't recall anything from that time period. Why don't we remember our earliest memories?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 03:53 AM PST

I know the brain is rewiring a lot of neurological pathways to determine the most effective route, but what stops us from remembering our early years?

submitted by /u/Kattsu-Don
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How do gas mask filters for radioactive particles work? Why do they expire if not used?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 04:03 AM PST

How many bytes of information can a single neuron store?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 09:32 AM PST

Why is poo almost always brown, regardless of what we eat?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 07:54 AM PST

Edit: judging by the notifications I'm getting to my phone, the moderators are doing a hell of a job keeping this thread clean. You have my appreciation, mods!

submitted by /u/Jimcube27
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If you're lost, is it better to look for your search party or wait?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 08:37 AM PST

Assuming neither of you know the other's starting location or plan, what is the best strategy to be found as quickly as possible? Ignoring environmental conditions and survival necessities, speaking strictly mathematically, how can you maximize your chances of two points on a plan meeting? Do their relative speeds make a difference?

submitted by /u/Jackissocool
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What is the difference between electricity and magnetism?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 05:05 AM PST

How does temperature-dependent sex determination work?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 09:43 PM PST

I was reading this thread on r/science when I learned that the sex of many sea turtles/crocodiles/alligators is determined by the incubation temperature of its egg. How does this work, and how is (was) it a beneficial trait?

submitted by /u/JakeDanger-AWP
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Can a child be born with cancer?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 03:55 AM PST

Is there anything stopping a baby getting cancer in the womb?

submitted by /u/JustAlfieInnit
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How does the suns gravitational pull affect earths moon? Wouldn't the sun just give the moon its own rotation?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 09:22 PM PST

If the speed of light is the fastest possible speed something can move, and heat is just the speed at which particles are moving, does that mean there's a maximum temperature that nothing can exceed?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 07:41 PM PST

Why all rays of light haven't a velocity of c?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 07:02 AM PST

Here is a picture of Lorentz transformations :

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Time-dilation-002-mod.svg.png

If we admit the frame on the left is R' and the frame on the right is R:

The blue ray in R has a velocity of c.

The path of the blue ray is smaller in R' than in R. It is why we add time dilation and length contractions. So, Lorentz find that the blue ray in R' has a velocity of c also.

If we add a red ray in R' with a velocity of c.

Why the red ray in R has a velocity smaller than c ?

submitted by /u/MorePhi
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When talking about the electromagnetic field and the different frequencies, what exactly is the medium that is vibrating?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 03:14 PM PST

As I understand it, the different in visible light and radio waves is the difference in frequencies or vibrational speeds. What is vibrating? Since these things can travel through a vacuum, I assume that it isn't matter, right?

submitted by /u/SelfandMind
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Why do the stomata of a plant open when there are too many mineral ions?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 03:19 AM PST

What is a Spin?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 07:36 PM PST

I've been watching phsyics related stuff for a while now since I wanna go into that field and I hear it all the time in Quatum Mechanics, yet the closest thing I've gotten to a definition may have been something like polarity almost like how a magnet works ? Could be I interpreted it wrong. The fact they say spin does and doesn't exists confuses me too!

submitted by /u/jesusdasir
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What is baking soda? What is baking powder? What is the difference between the two.

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 02:59 AM PST

I would like to know more about baking soda and powder. What are they made of and how do they work?

submitted by /u/gafgalron
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What makes the dye in a dye pack unremovable from skin?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 08:40 PM PST

What happens to the crystalline structure of radioactive elements when an atom decays?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 11:53 AM PST

For instance uranium, how does the surrounding atoms adapt to the changes in volume and electronic overlap when a particular atom disintegrates to another element? Does a slab of uranium become brittle over time because of it?

submitted by /u/novalaise
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How do reflective surfaces (like a mirror) differ physically from non-reflective surfaces? What makes them reflect light?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 05:39 PM PST

If magnetic domains attract each other, then why do unmagnetized metals become demagnetized when removed from the presence of a magnet?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 09:54 AM PST

If you had 100 magnets all stuck together in the form of a cube, to visualize magnetic domains, the theoretical point of lowest energy would be one entire row facing south, one row facing north and so on. That way each magnet will feel nothing but attraction. In this state the 'magnet' would be considered demagnetized because of the alternating rows.

To magnetize it, each row would have to face the same way. This is not the overall lowest position of energy for each domain, but each domain is attracted top and bottom as well as repelled by each other side to side. And since each domain must flip individually (an entire row can't flip on its axis) there seems to be no reason for it to become demagnetized once magnetized. The attraction acting on each domain would, at least, cancel out the repulsive force working to flip them. So why do magnetic domains flip at all?

submitted by /u/NarrowPPHole
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If lobsters have no age limit, how do they control population numbers?

Posted: 14 Jan 2018 03:37 AM PST

I've been informed that lobsters are one of few species on the planet that do not age. If that is true, how are lobster population numbers regulated in the wild? I imagine it is a mixture of predators, disease, and possibly selective breeding windows, but I thought I'd ask the question here to see if there is someone more informed who could tell me more about it. Thanks!

submitted by /u/IWJF
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How do scientists find the melting point of some solids without melting their equipment?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 10:58 AM PST

Can a quantum transformation change a quantum state completely?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 03:37 PM PST

I'll explain on example of photon passing through the polarization filters. The photon that passes through diagonal and vertical polarization will be filtered out, however if you introduce a 45 degree polarization, some will pass through. If you think about it, it means that after first one, all photons a diagonally polarized, but after next two they are horizontally polarized.

Ok, no let's consider a series of filters which are slightly turn in relation to each other, effectively they shouldn't filter much, while they should change diagonal polarization to horizontal.

My question is can you create a transformation of a quantum state, that from state |1>+|0> creates a state |0>+|1>. Add entanglement here, meaning from state |01>+|10> produces a state |11>+|00>?

To visualize it, can you transform a state of two entangled particles two completely different ones? I.e. from polarized vertically to polarized diagonally, even if you never measure them in between?

Of course there is a follow up question if it happens so, what happens if you measure one entangled particle at random time, can you still apply such a transformation on a random time on a second particle?

submitted by /u/Heappl
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Saturday, January 13, 2018

If gravity causes time dilation, wouldn't deep gravity wells create their own red-shift? How do astronomers distinguish close massive objects from distant objects?

If gravity causes time dilation, wouldn't deep gravity wells create their own red-shift? How do astronomers distinguish close massive objects from distant objects?


If gravity causes time dilation, wouldn't deep gravity wells create their own red-shift? How do astronomers distinguish close massive objects from distant objects?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 07:42 PM PST

Do particles move in a solid? Do they oscillate or vibrate?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 06:03 AM PST

I've heard about movement of particles in a gas or a liquid, but what about a solid?

submitted by /u/SomeoneImportant69
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If skin cells are one of the fastest replicating cells, how come moles, and birth marks don’t disappear over time?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 11:53 AM PST

Same goes for warts and scars.

submitted by /u/C0mGussler
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Do gravitational waves have frequencies?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 05:56 PM PST

I feel like the obvious answer is they do, but I don't know the answer. And if so, what determines their frequencies? Mass? How noticeable are these frequencies, and what would the frequency of a gravitational wave from the sun be compared to the black hole collision that LIGO observed?

submitted by /u/JawaSlayer501
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What determines how many energy levels an electron can be excited to in an atom?

Posted: 13 Jan 2018 06:15 AM PST

So electrons exist in a natural or ground state in an atom. When a photon hits a valence electron, the photon is absorbed and the electron is either raised to a higher energy level equal to the amount of energy of the photon or ejected from the atom.

What determines how many energy levels an electron can be raised to though before it is ejected? Will a H atom only have 7 energy levels and then any more energy it would be ejected from the atom while a Na atom may have 15 energy levels before being ejected?

submitted by /u/IbraheemLinkin
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Can you make blackholes from electromagnetism? If so, why are there so many made from gravity since electromagnetism is so much stronger?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 03:16 PM PST

Why are the coldest months of the year (typically Jan/feb) not also the month with the shortest days (dec)?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 02:01 PM PST

Regarding thermionic emission... if you heat up any metal of any kind hot enough, does it always release electrons in to the air? for example if you heat a needle with a flame

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 05:10 PM PST

ie whether in a vacuum or not

submitted by /u/tupeloms
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If a ship could travel at 99.9% of C, how long/far could it travel before returning to our galaxy would be impossible?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 11:22 AM PST

If a ship could travel at 99.9% of C, how long/far could we travel before returning to our galaxy would be impossible due to it having moved out of the ship's observable universe? Would the answer differ based on direction the ship travels?

submitted by /u/Starbokh
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Is the electrical component always in phase with the magnetic component in an EM wave?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 01:09 PM PST

In an EM wave is the magnetic component always in phase with the electrical? Or can they be shifted 90°(not spacially but in phase) for example so that the electrical peaks when the magnetic is 0 and vice versa.

And if for example its around the wavelength of a few meters, would the phase shift( if possible) impact how easily we can convert this signal to current in a wire with an antenna?

submitted by /u/ternal38
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What would happen if you pointed a laser beam tangent to the event horizon of a black hole?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 12:55 PM PST

I know that past the event horizon, light couldn't escape a black hole's gravity. By that logic, anything before the event horizon should allow light to escape and move out freely into space. But what happens if you theoretically shine a light (or fire a single photon) perfectly tangent to the event horizon?

submitted by /u/mhmc20
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When will the next conjunction of Saturn and the Sun take place?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 12:12 PM PST

Does anyone know when Saturn and the Sun will be in conjunction? That is: I'm interested in knowing when the Sun will be exactly between Earth and Saturn, making the gas giant essentially invisible from Earth. Also, I'd like to know for how long this would last.

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Conscious_Mollusc
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Is there a ratio between the weight of a submersible vehicle and the amount air needed inside to keep it afloat at different depths? Could I theoretically make a sub as large as I want as long as it could hold air?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 03:14 PM PST

Does the holographic principle literally imply that if I give you all the information about the walls in my room, you would be able to deduce what's inside my room?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 06:26 AM PST

Can other sources of light be concentrated through a magnifying glass to start a fire? Like the light from a flashlight, or from a full moon?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 08:11 AM PST

How does escape velocity work?!?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 01:40 PM PST

Escape velocity does not make any sense to me! In theory if an object leaves the surface of a mass/planet in an otherwise empty universe, without any extra purpolsion after, won't it eventually come back? Gravity is an acceleration which keeps shaving off the kinetic energy of the object, so no matter how far it goes at some point the velocity will turn around, right? The kinetic energy of the object can be depleted but the potential energy induced from gravity cant so how do they negate?

And what does someone mean by "escaping" a gravitational field? No matter how far apart something if from a mass it will never escape its gravitational pull!

My only theory to my conundrum is this. I know the "escape velocity" is calculated by using the potential energy calculated from the mass. Which means as your measurement of the mass becomes infinitely more precise the escape velocity becomes infinite, I think?

This is my first post on reddit (so srry if it's confusing and long) as no matter where I looked I couldn't find anything that could answer my doubts.

Thx in advance.

submitted by /u/DurusFlurgus
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How tightly is DNA coiled?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 09:01 AM PST

Our students were making models of DNA and we began wondering how quickly you actually see the spiral shape. How many pairs does it take for it to go completely around?

submitted by /u/daniel14vt
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What decides the capacity of a battery?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 09:51 AM PST

I was doing my daily pondering, and came across this question, which I'm quite interested to know the answer to.

submitted by /u/lugii
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Different colors on a thin film are said to be caused by interference. Why do we not say that thin films simply reflects certain wavelengths?

Posted: 12 Jan 2018 07:31 AM PST

Based on equations from interference by thin films we know that wavelengths that are present on top side are absent at the bottom. This result can be achieved by simply saying that thin films reflect certain wavelengths and transmit others.

submitted by /u/TheMamoru
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