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Thursday, October 19, 2017

Can you determine the cause of a headache from the region of the head it is affecting?

Can you determine the cause of a headache from the region of the head it is affecting?


Can you determine the cause of a headache from the region of the head it is affecting?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 09:29 AM PDT

edit : thanks for the responses- learned lots

submitted by /u/Skrtmvsterr
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How can objects like a piano be completely black and at the same time highly reflective?

Posted: 19 Oct 2017 03:16 AM PDT

Things are black because they absorb all the wavelenghts, but in a shiny black piano it also reflects the light like a mirror.

submitted by /u/LupusX
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Are there caves on other planets in our solar system?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 09:08 PM PDT

If waste from nuclear power generation is radioactive, why does it get disposed of and isolated, instead of used as fuel?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 03:34 PM PDT

If water is transparent, why are the clouds white?

Posted: 19 Oct 2017 04:25 AM PDT

When electrons jump from one atomic orbital to the next, how fast do they move?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 02:13 PM PDT

Electrons can only exist in defined energy levels, and cannot exist in an intermediate state. This seems to imply that the change is instantaneous.

When an electron changes atomic orbitals, can it be said to have 'moved', and if so, how fast is that 'movement' if the jump is instantaneous?

submitted by /u/HomeAl0ne
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How can we tell that a star is a certain color because of the Doppler Effect or because it burns at a certain temperature?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 03:04 PM PDT

Hi.

I am reading A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking and he states in Chapter Three that we can tell whether a star is moving away or towards us from its color. A redder star means it is moving away from us while a bluer star is moving towards us. I also know that a star's color also represents its temperature as the blue stars are hotter than the red stars.

My question is how can we tell if a star is blue hot even if it is moving away from us and vice versa? Are there other ways we can differentiate the data given to us from sensors illustrating that?

Thanks for your time.

submitted by /u/kafka_the_cat
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How are Power Grids affected by Solar Flares?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 04:42 PM PDT

How does energy from the sun cause power outages on earth? What does this have to do with earth's magnetic field?

submitted by /u/ProtocolJustice
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What makes gold, gold in colour?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 12:25 PM PDT

What causes the yellow colour of gold? While most metals in their reduced state are effectively colourless, gold (and copper) have colour beyond just being reflective. There are no things like organic chromophores in a metal, and the transitions that give metal salts their colours shouldn't be applicable in the neutral metal, as far as I understand. So, what makes gold (and copper, etc) special amongst metals?

submitted by /u/superhelical
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How are electronics in space grounded?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 08:18 AM PDT

Why are triangles, squares, and hexagons the only shapes that can tesselate?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 03:32 PM PDT

Why can only these regular shapes (with equal angles at each vertex) form a continuous grid? I understand that the angles don't allow other shapes to do this, but I would like to understand it from a more conceptual and visual perspective.

submitted by /u/Thegreatmochi
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How is a prime number as big as 2^(74'207'281) − 1 found?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 07:05 PM PDT

So how exactly did the team that found this prime number figure it out? How were the computers (assuming they used computers) even able to compute a number that big?

EDIT: So found out they use a software called GIMPS, what is that exactly and how does it find prime numbers?

submitted by /u/strixi
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Could sea creatures that live at great depths survive at 1 atm?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 12:13 PM PDT

Do they have higher internal pressure to counter the external pressure on their bodies? If so, would this cause then to swell and possibly "lyse" at the surface?

submitted by /u/jedwards55
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Are precious gemstone/rare mineral sites mostly found by accident?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 08:05 PM PDT

I've been trying search on google about how dig-sites for precious gems are discovered. I'm not really finding any useful information. I've tried rephrasing my question but I'm not really coming up with anything.

Are there methods for locating gemstone deposits? Or can we at least narrow it down pretty well? Or is it more or less just blind luck that someone inadvertently comes across a find, and boom you have a digging site? I'm sure there's some geological clues that we can use, I'm just wondering how accurately we can guess where we might find certain gems or precious minerals. And to add to that, I'm curious as to where I can do my own reading on the subject.

submitted by /u/twislebutt
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How do you know when to draw functional groups as axial vs equatorial for chair configurations?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 07:31 PM PDT

I'm learning about chair conformations for cyclohexanes and, frankly, my professor sucks at explaining. My main inquiry is, how do you know when to draw a functional group as axial vs equatorial? In the link below, there is a methyl group in the axial position and after the flip, it is in the equatorial. I understand how the flip works, but why is the methyl not equatorial in the first position?

Link: https://gyazo.com/b51aaf9e08ebbf18a600e7f37f952d10

submitted by /u/DepecheALaMode
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What does 'locality' mean in terms of quantum physics?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 07:28 PM PDT

Typically when I don't understand something in physics, it's an equation. While I'm not saying I think quantum physics should be easily understood, but one quality that really perplexes me is when variables are said to be 'local' or 'non-local'.

What does this mean, and why is it not a numerical value? Can you explain it in layman's terms?

submitted by /u/lawpoop
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How do space craft that explore beyond conventional/existing frames of reference for navigation create new frames of reference as they explore?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 11:07 PM PDT

Why do large animals like horses not suffer from the same bone and joint problems that large dogs experience?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 06:36 AM PDT

One might think that bones are bones and convective tissue is connective tissue. Is it something to do with density, or the overall structure?

Perhaps a better comparison would be tigers. They have more similar weight bearing characteristics. Do old tigers get arthritis? If not, why not? Could the dog issues be addressed with selective breeding, or is there something inherently different about their tissues?

submitted by /u/-FunkyPotato-
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[Physics] How does relativity explain ferromagnetism?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 12:09 PM PDT

I'm familiar with the relativistic explanation of how moving charges create what appears to be a magnetic field to an observer. But how does it explain permanent magnetism?

I've been curious about this. Looking it up in my physics text from undergrad just gives me the old thing about electrons as point charges circulating around their nuclei, analogous to a current in a Wire. But that isn't physically true...

submitted by /u/DramShopLaw
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Wednesday, October 18, 2017

How fast would a metal object have to move through Earth's magnetic field to generate significant electrical current?

How fast would a metal object have to move through Earth's magnetic field to generate significant electrical current?


How fast would a metal object have to move through Earth's magnetic field to generate significant electrical current?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 03:54 PM PDT

Say you have a 10 meter long conductor. How fast would it need to move to generate a few milliamps? Enough to light a low power LED?

submitted by /u/banksjh
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Is it possible for two colliding neutron stars to be sufficiently low-mass that a black hole does not form?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 06:11 PM PDT

Is it possible to focus natural light into a high density solar beam with modern technology?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 05:55 PM PDT

  1. I've read John Ringo's Try Rising Series. The starting point for this question. (P.S. I'm saying beam instead of L.A.S.E.R)
  2. I also caught a decent xkcd on the subject of focusing natural sunlight into a tight beam and basically calling it complete BS. 3. I'm wondering if there's any way you can use fiber optics or any other material to collect a large amount of naturally occurring light to condense it into a tighter beam. I realize beam may be subjective, but understand it to have minimal diffraction/loss of energy over long distances and the spread to be less than .001% type of thing.
  3. Could it be possible to use highly confined magnetic-fields to bend the directions of light into tighter beams, sort of like a solenoid?
  4. Finally, (stepping into a bit of Sci-fi), If we could master creating highly localized gravitational fields, would it then be possible to take large amounts of light from a source like the sun and focus it into long continuous beams, since we know through gravitational lensing that we can seriously affect the trajectory of light?

Thank you,

submitted by /u/cptncivil
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How do computers get an exact value for integration and derivatives?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 06:04 PM PDT

It seems like doing calculus involves a lot of intuition that would be hard for a computer, like a graphing calculator or WolframAlpha, to do.

submitted by /u/ddotquantum
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Is there a limit to how much hair a human can grow?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 06:05 PM PDT

Not just on your head, but everywhere

submitted by /u/mista_rida_
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If, from earth, we can see Venus as a white-pinkish dot, would we see the Earth as a blue dot if we were on Venus? Assuming that ideally there were no clouds and the sky was clear.

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 01:11 AM PDT

Are there any radioisotopes that we can visibly watch decaying?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 02:34 PM PDT

Can heat be blown by the wind?

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 05:46 AM PDT

More specifically, can wind affect the path of thermal radiation?

When you're sitting next to a campfire and the wind shifts towards you, you get a face full of smoke and heat. But is that wind affecting the thermal radiation pathing or is the wind really just pushing the hot water vapor (steam) that's a consequence of combustion?

submitted by /u/MuffMagician
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As an electron moves across a voltage difference, is it emitting virtual particles and/or actual photons to accommodate the reduction in energy?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 10:55 PM PDT

Im trying to understand some aspects of electromagnetism. Initially I was thinking about what makes lightning visible

submitted by /u/37litebluesheep
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Does turning bathroom vents off and unplugging small appliances (coffee makers and toasters) conserve enough energy that it will actually save money on electric bills?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 04:29 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 18 Oct 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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In a neutron, is it possible for the up quark to decay into a down quark?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 06:54 PM PDT

If it's possible would the charge be -1 since down quarks have a charge of -1/3(as far as I know)?

submitted by /u/DiaperDaddy69
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How can scientists accurately measure the populations of insects?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 05:49 PM PDT

Why doesn't the integral from 0 to infinity of sinx dx equal zero?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 03:39 PM PDT

Hello. Kind of stumped on this problem from a conceptual stand point. If you graph sinx, each area above the x- axis should cancel out with the area below the x-axis so I'm not sure why we can't say it's equal to zero.

submitted by /u/pjc013
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How do quantum fluctuations- particles appearing from nothing and annihilating each other- follow the law of conservation of matter and energy?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 07:01 PM PDT

This has been bugging me for a while and I cant find a good answer to this.

submitted by /u/leonardmatt
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How do the physics behind playground swings work?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 12:30 PM PDT

How is energy from "pumping" or leaning backwards / forward and extending legs converted into motion?

submitted by /u/gENTlemanMatthew
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Why would gold particles with fewer neutrons end up having a larger nucleus?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 04:44 PM PDT

I was reading Wallermoth et al. (1989) and they described neutron deficient gold nucleii as having greater radius than some heavier isotopes. Why might this be?

The paper mentions proton spins at some point, would this be relevant?

submitted by /u/chris_bryant_writer
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How can pain relievers like ibuprofen sometimes eliminate pain when all they really address is the sensitivity of nociceptors after tissue damage, not the nociceptive response to noxious stimuli in the first place?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 03:31 PM PDT

It seems like this would just keep the pain from getting worse by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins and keeping the nociceptive threshold normal, not relieve the pain present at the normal threshold being caused by the underlying stimulus. Is it because ibuprofen also inhibits the production of prostaglandins that result in inflammation, and inflammation is the underlying pain stimulus that's being eliminated? If that's the case, is ibuprofen unable to relieve pain that isn't caused by inflammation?

submitted by /u/SleepingMonad
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Why do people black out when they reach a certain amount of pain?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 01:40 PM PDT

Why do our bodies do this? Does the blacking out protect us? How exactly do we black out from so much pain, what is the process within our body that decides the amount of pain we are experiencing is too severe and we have to go to sleep?

edit: rewording

submitted by /u/temporubat0
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Can cobalt (or any other metal) trigger ones sensitivity if it's bound up in a molecule?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 08:26 PM PDT

People with cobalt allergies and sensitivities are warned to stay away from ingesting b12 as a supplement. Is this due to the Co atom in cyanocobalamin or is it the leftover reagent from manufacturing? To continue with that, do cobalt containing steels pose a similar risk? And should this be flaired biology or chemistry?

submitted by /u/littledragonroar
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Does the DNA in our semen change over time?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 09:05 PM PDT

For example at 22 I'm fat but at 26 I'm ripped and strong. Will my DNA in seen change was we do? Maybe depending on how you're your at a certain spot in time will your children be more likely to be as you are now

submitted by /u/eduwills69
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Is dolphin/whale communication instinctive or do they have to learn it like humans do?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 10:53 AM PDT

If they have to learn it, are there multiple "languages" from different places on Earth?

submitted by /u/HenryFrenchFries
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Tuesday, October 17, 2017

How much of sleep is actual maintenance downtime, and how much is just time-killing energy conservation?

How much of sleep is actual maintenance downtime, and how much is just time-killing energy conservation?


How much of sleep is actual maintenance downtime, and how much is just time-killing energy conservation?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 09:07 PM PDT

The idea of science developing a means of reducing sleep to pure function or increasing the efficiency thereof is fascinating to me. My understanding of sleep in animals is that some maintenance is performed by the mind and body, but animals also sleep to conserve energy during unfavorable periods of time be it yearly hibernation cycles or evolved specialization to periods of the night/day cycle.

submitted by /u/zergblush9
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What would happen if sea levels DROPPED?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 05:55 AM PDT

We always hear about the social/economic/environmental problems and side effects of worldwide rising sea levels, but out of curiosity, what would one expect if the opposite was true? How would things change if sea level dropped, say, 10-20 metres. More, if that's more interesting.

Thanks in advance!

Edit: thanks everyone for the thought out and informative comments, dnd setting inbound ;)

submitted by /u/blaertes
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Is it 'unusual' for the earth to contain as much gold and platinum as it does, relative to rocky planets orbiting other stars?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 04:28 AM PDT

Yesterday's amazing anouncement of the neutron star merger was fascinating in part because the debris from the kilonova apparently had large amounts of newly created heavy metals, including an estimated ~200 earth masses of gold and ~500 earth masses of platinum. Since neutron star mergers are said to be quite rare, I am wondering if our solar system is somewhat what unique due to the relatively high prevalence of gold and platinum in its rocky bodies. Are these metals frequently detected in the spectra of other stars, or our solar system unusual in that regard?

submitted by /u/orange_kangaroo
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What large research projects (equivalent in scale to LHC or ITER) are in the early proposal or design stage that non-scientists haven’t heard of yet?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 12:37 PM PDT

It seems like the public only becomes aware of projects like LHC or ITER when funding has been approved. What large scale research projects in your field will we be hearing about in the near future?

submitted by /u/WarrenGHarding
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Why is the sun red in some parts of the UK right now?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 07:02 AM PDT

Seriously creeping me out.

submitted by /u/Alex_Havok_Summers
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Where does the energy go if there's no load on a solar panel?

Posted: 17 Oct 2017 12:02 AM PDT

If there is no load on a solar panel, theoretically there is little/no work being done, so where does the incoming light energy go after hitting the solar panel? I don't see solar panels becoming more reflective if there is no load...

submitted by /u/phiiscool
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Why do some fruits have multiple seeds while others have just 1?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 09:09 PM PDT

A watermelon has hundreds of seeds but a mango only has one, what is the reason behind this? Is it because a single mango sees had a higher chance of turning into a plant than a single watermelon seed? Is it because watermelon seeds are smaller? If so, why do seeds have different sizes?

submitted by /u/justcallmesomethig
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Would a black hole really appear as a sphere like in Interstellar?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 06:51 AM PDT

What do trig functions with h mean? i.e sinh(x)

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 11:56 PM PDT

I looked it up and it had something to do with being hyperbolic. But I honestly don't understand what that means.
Also how do they relate to regular trig functions? Can they be interchanged?
Lastly how do integrals have to do with them and why haven't I learned about this earlier in Calc 1?

submitted by /u/ilikebutteryfries
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How did the pioneers of nuclear science in the 1930s detect different elements during their discovery of fission?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 07:15 PM PDT

I'm reading about Dr. Otto Hahn's , Dr. Lise Meitner's and Dr. Fritz Strassman's experiment where they discovered fission when they bombarded uranium with neutrons. They confirmed their hypothesis when they detected barium and krypton, the byproducts of splitting uranium.

There are so many amazing things about this experiment but one has me absolutely puzzled: How does one detect specific elements with 1938 technology?

submitted by /u/fat_tire_fanatic
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Nuclear power plants, how long could they run by themselves after an epidemic that cripples humanity?

Posted: 15 Oct 2017 07:42 AM PDT

We always see these apocalypse shows where the small groups of survivors are trying to carve out a little piece of the earth to survive on, but what about those nuclear power plants that are now without their maintenance crews? How long could they last without people manning them?

submitted by /u/Marius423
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How was the height of Mt. Everest measured with reasonable accuracy by surveyors of the Great Trigonometric Survey back in 1852?

Posted: 15 Oct 2017 09:30 PM PDT

Do dolphins have groups of communities (different pods) that have a web of a community like we do via the work we do or the things we like to do? Do pods ever meet up to play?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 08:56 PM PDT

How does stress influence drug reactivity?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 03:37 PM PDT

Took a peak at my alma mater's Neuroscience department page out of curiosity, and something stuck out to me.

Stress and its influence on drug reactivity is something that is/was at one point studied thoroughly. From a neurological and/or physiological standpoint, what role does stress play as it relates to how drugs react within the body?

submitted by /u/gettingmyenergyback
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How do fractional derivatives work?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 05:35 PM PDT

Highschool student here, a month in to my first semester of BC calculus. The other day our class did an activity in which we generalized derivatives of functions to the nth degree, which lead me to question what happens when n is not a whole number. What happens when you plug in fractional, irrational or unreal values to that generalized formula? What will the resulting graph represent?

submitted by /u/PantheonYan
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What makes body parts tingle when they fall asleep or cut off circulation?

Posted: 15 Oct 2017 07:35 PM PDT

Do other animals appreciate art?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 07:43 PM PDT

Are humans the only animal that have a sense of appreciation for objects whose entire purpose is to be aesthetically pleasing? Or can animals understand decoration and art?

Similarly, what do we know about animals creating art? What about music?

submitted by /u/Cabanarama_
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In a can of soda, is the air pressure uniformly distributed throughout the can, or is there some imbalance of pressure near where the gas is?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 05:39 PM PDT

I had a bet with a friend that since pressure is exerted on a surface by gas, that there would be imbalance.

submitted by /u/throwingawaybro123
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Why Does Space Smell Like Burning Metal?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 11:23 AM PDT

In his recent AMA Scott Kelly said that space smells like burning metal. What would cause this?

submitted by /u/PintRocker
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Is the Yellowstone Caldera going to erupt in our lifetime?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 09:50 PM PDT

https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/science/yellowstone-volcano-eruption.html?referer=https://www.google.com/

There have been several articles circulating around claiming that the Yellowstone Super Volcano is now due to erupt within "a few decades". Is this true? Bonus points: As someone who lives in Boston and family in NJ, what are the chances for survival?

submitted by /u/ajw1899
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Is the energy of an object depleted if it reaches the center of a gravity well?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 09:26 PM PDT

In Secondary school, I was taught that if you lift an object, you are increasing it's potential energy and when you drop it the potential energy is released.

Based on that, I am curious that if you take an object in space and drop it into a powerful enough gravity well, will it loses all it's energy when reaching the center?

Also is there a 'default' amount of energy in objects? It would seem that an object on Earth has less potential energy than an object of equivalent in space.

submitted by /u/ykcmaster
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Is it just a coincidence or a specific reason why several elements in the same group have the atomic weight/number of protons increased by 8, 18, or 32 to form the next element in the group? Is there a mathematical formula that uses atomic weight to determine its properties?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 12:11 PM PDT

How serious of an issue is radon in basements?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 11:06 AM PDT

I always see advertisements for costly radon mitigation systems for basements. Is this a serious issue? Do certain parts of the world have a higher rate of it? If it is an issue for a basement, why wouldn't it be an issue in the rest of the house or for houses without basements ?

submitted by /u/Genkiotoko
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Why did Eris, the dwarf planet that caused Pluto to get demoted, only get discovered in 2005?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 09:05 AM PDT

How do devices that utilize electron beams generate the free electrons, and why doesn't that cause a buildup of positive charge that interferes with its function?

Posted: 16 Oct 2017 10:50 AM PDT

Things like electron microscopes, or mass spectrometers. It seems like if you're ejecting electrons, you'd be building up positive charge that should then prevent further electron ejection.

submitted by /u/PatAunces
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