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Monday, September 11, 2017

How does boiling water clean it? What can it NOT clean?

How does boiling water clean it? What can it NOT clean?

How does boiling water clean it? What can it NOT clean?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 06:16 AM PDT

I remember reading about plastic microfibers in our water, can boiling clean that?

submitted by /u/JustaLackey
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Do cows produce a significant amount of greenhouse gases ?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 04:15 AM PDT

Was arguing with a vegan about being a vegan and she brought up the emissions from the agricultural industry more specifically the meat industry (cows). Is the emissions from just the cows actually a significant amount both on a globl scale and different countries?

Sources would be nice

submitted by /u/LIONEL_RICHIE1910
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Do frequencies of a pitch begin as prime numbers in hertz measurements?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 09:00 AM PDT

Ok that was badly phrased but i learning overtones are formed by a multiple of a frequency for a noise, do the lowest all pitches go in Hz start at prime numbers?

for example, a frequency of 10Hz is an overtone of 5Hz but is 5Hz the lowest the frequency can go because it's a prime number? and if so do all pitches "begin" at a prime number?

(apologies for any incorrect terms used, struggling to phrase it properly)

submitted by /u/DarkSpark22
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How are PLGA nanoparticles produced?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 07:03 AM PDT

What is the protocol of preparing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and what are the chemicals required for it? Apologies for being so specific..

submitted by /u/Kunal000
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If cardinal directions on Earth (N, S, E, & W) derive from the planet's rotation, what would they be on the Moon, which doesn't rotate?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 06:31 AM PDT

After the continents separated from Pangea, they have been consistently moving since then in certain directions. How long will it take until the land masses (continents) have moved far enough to where the maps will look different?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 02:09 AM PDT

Is it possible for a planet to have an ocean without an atmosphere?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 04:42 PM PDT

How do I know if a molecule has energetically degenerate orbitals?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 06:31 AM PDT

Is there any fast way to see wether a molecule has two or more orbitals of the same energy? And further, is there any way to look at a structure of a molecule and determine what spin state it has?

submitted by /u/MappeMappe
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How does NASA receive photos from satellites that are so far away?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 05:45 AM PDT

Why do we conduct hazard reduction burns of large areas at risk of bushfire instead of logging them for timber and pulp?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 05:01 PM PDT

Wouldn't it be better to not just burn all that carbon?

submitted by /u/Limberine
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What are the current treatments for antibiotic resistance patients?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 05:21 AM PDT

In a scenario where all antibiotics have failed. How are they being treated? -Do they strengthen the power of antibiotics with 'special coatings/ingredients' -Bacteriophage therapy , are they an endorsed method for now? (Since Georgia has been during it for a century with no known side effect?) -Any treatment with DNA manipulation? (any names for research purpose) -Would love to hear all possibilities

Thanks so much in advance!

submitted by /u/Shurikenger
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Why do the Carribean Islands lack good hurricane protection when they're located in the danger zone?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 03:36 AM PDT

I'm not sure if protective infrastructure is really present, but they're clearly not working now, considering the vast devastation of Antigua and Barbuda.

submitted by /u/rynrchn
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How does Voyager 1 change its axis?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 07:54 PM PDT

How did chemical elements other than H and He come to exist?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 08:34 PM PDT

Do people who are paralyzed from the waist down still feel when they have to pee?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 11:29 AM PDT

Just out of general curiosity, I hope I don't come off as offensive or arrogant.

submitted by /u/ButtsinGerman
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Travelling in space and the smell. How have engineers conquered the smellier aspect of people living in a sealed container?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 07:34 AM PDT

Apollo 8 returned from its circumnavigation of the moon. When the rescue diver opened the door of the command module, he nearly wretched due to the smell emanating from Frank Borman, Jim Luvell, and Bill Anders.

That was only after 6 days and some change in space.

With astronauts being aboard the ISS for a year or more, how are the more smellier aspects of human life handled by on board systems?

The more advanced waste facility obviously has a lot do with it. However, as we all know, not all human out gassing occurs during waste elimination. Not to mention natural body odor of each person.

How have engineers managed this aspect of space flight?

submitted by /u/Canopyflyer
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can disorders such as those on the autism spectrum go away completely over time?

Posted: 11 Sep 2017 12:16 AM PDT

When, approximately, will we have the first functioning fusion reactors?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 01:08 PM PDT

I just searched trough the subreddit but I haven't found a consistent approximation. But I must say that all the questions concerning nuclear fusion reactors are much more sophisticated than mine ;)

Greetings

submitted by /u/rues0
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If matter and Energy are two sides of the same coin, and we have real life examples of matter converting to energy all the time (chemical reactions), do we have any naturally occurring examples where energy is converted to matter?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 07:56 AM PDT

I understand that the The Large Hadron Collider at CERN would be an example, but it's man made. Until the LHC, did we have any natural examples of such change?

submitted by /u/Hellion1982
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Sunday, September 10, 2017

Does writing by hand have positive cognitive effects that cannot be replicated by typing?

Does writing by hand have positive cognitive effects that cannot be replicated by typing?

Does writing by hand have positive cognitive effects that cannot be replicated by typing?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 10:23 AM PDT

Also, are these benefits becoming eroded with the prevalence of modern day word processor use?

submitted by /u/mee_sua
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Where does the light go when you turn off the lights in a room with no windows?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 08:21 PM PDT

Watching Planet Earth and the opening scene is a group of penguins grouped together in temperatures of -70c, how do these animals live in these extreme frozen places without freezing solid like something does when you put it in the freezer?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 03:59 AM PDT

Are there any real reasons for using imperial measurements rather than the metric system?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 07:42 AM PDT

Are there certain industries or applications in which imperial measurements make more sense than using metric? Or is the resistance to the metric system mainly due to the difficulty in switching systems?

submitted by /u/pizza_dreamer
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What makes elementary particles and atoms physically solid?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 04:57 AM PDT

To my understanding, elementary particles are mostly disruptions in the various boson fields. I do not understand much but am looking for a very dumbed down explanation thanks.

So the various field interactions create what we know as quarks and whatnot which make up protons/neutrons etc... And I'm pretty sure interactions in the Higgs field is what gives particles their mass.

But what makes that mass 'volumetrically' solid, so that other matter can't pass through it like electromagnetic waves? (I think they can to a degree)

I am thinking, why can't mass just be a disturbance in the fields without anything showing for it?

If the answer is just "because", would it be possible for there to be mass in a vacuum without any physical space being occupied? Like a standalone interaction with the Higgs field? Excluding singularities even.

Thanks very much.

submitted by /u/Pentaller
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Why do we need to boil pasta? Why isn't it enough to soak it in water?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 02:41 AM PDT

When I make pasta, I usually microwave it with other ingredients afterwards. Is there any reason why I should boil the pasta beforehand rather than just soak it?

submitted by /u/deltalessthanzero
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Why is there a trail of red light lagging behind a moving red laser?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 09:35 AM PDT

Hey! So I was playing with my cat (of course), and noticed when I was moving his laser around quickly, there was a "trail" of light behind it. Why is this?

submitted by /u/imnotgrownupyet
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What is an "interaction-free quantum measurement"?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 07:37 AM PDT

This nature paper from 2 years ago and another one from the 90s with Anton Zeilinger have proven that you can have an "interaction free measurement". I thought all a measurement was is a particle interfering or "touching" its environment, and has nothing to do with an observer (or god forbid consciousness).Usually when people bring up quantum woo people say that a measurement is just an interaction. So what does it mean when you can make a measurement without having an interaction? They said something about the quantum Zeno effect in the linked paper and I know that's where you keep interacting/measuring a particle so it never changes, but what are the implications of "interaction free measurement" since I thought all measurement was just interaction with the environment/decoherence?

submitted by /u/someinternetdudejoe
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In python, why does print(0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 - 0.3) return a non-zero number?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 07:32 AM PDT

Why don't chickens' immune systems attack Salmonella bacteria?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 06:49 AM PDT

Were cyclones more powerful when the Earth was covered in superoceans?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 06:47 AM PDT

Are there simulations? Did they leave any geological record as the supermonsoon did? Are there limiting factors after a certain ocean size/cyclone size or did more warm ocean equal more energy to the storms? How long did they last? Can we compare them to known cyclones on other planets?

submitted by /u/luxux3
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Are facial expressions similar among animals/living things in general? If a dog is "smiling," how likely is it that it feels something sort of similar to what humans do when they smile?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 11:23 AM PDT

How does a butterfly get a new exoskeleton inside of the chrysalis?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 06:44 PM PDT

So a caterpillar will molt for the final time and under its old skin will be a chrysalis. Inside the chrysalis a butterfly forms by breaking down a bunch of the old caterpillar bits and using that material to grow its "imaginal discs" into new legs and wings... but how does it get a new exoskeleton around its organs?

When a little caterpillar molts it's just skin off the main skin layer, like if my skin flakes off there's a layer pumping out more skin underneath. But when a caterpillar pupates the entire outer skin layer becomes a shell. Is there a second skin around the organs that becomes the butterfly's skin? Does the new skin grow from "imaginal discs"? Does the inner skin layer somehow get relocated closer to the organs?

submitted by /u/butterguy34
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How were forest fires contained 150 years ago, especially in remote areas like the west?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 01:57 PM PDT

It seems like if there was a fire back then in say, what is now Idaho, it would burn down the entire western US and there would be no way to stop it.

submitted by /u/YLthrowaway
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A while back on NPR I heard that there are different Capsaicinoids that give different heat profiles to hot peppers. Could someone elaborate on this?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 02:56 AM PDT

IIRC it was on an episode of Science Friday. They were specifically discussing how the various hot peppers (jalapenos, habaneros, etc.) had fundamentally different capsaicinoids which react in different ways to the heat receptors in tongues and, in turn, have different heat profiles.

submitted by /u/No_name_Johnson
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Can someone give a complete, blow-by-blow description of exactly what happened in this video of a transformer/power-line explosion?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 02:43 AM PDT

Before we went to space, did humans know it was a vacuum? How?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 08:38 PM PDT

Is the self reported placebo effect sensitive to general cognitive dispositions as they fall across a perceptive to predictive spectrum?

Posted: 10 Sep 2017 01:50 AM PDT

To define the words 'perceptive' and 'predictive' in their relation to cognitive dispositions, I respectively use the nomenclature associated with the autism-psychosis paradigm.

submitted by /u/the_murz
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What are rockets made of that let's them withstand the heat of the propulsion?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 09:48 PM PDT

Why does ingesting lead cause poisoning and ingesting silver or gold does not? What is it about lead that makes it toxic?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 08:43 AM PDT

When eyes adjust to the dark, is the iris just letting more light in, or does the brain behave differently too?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 11:02 PM PDT

Is using more solar power helping combat the issues caused by excess greenhouse gases?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 01:48 PM PDT

Is the surface of the ocean relatively flat (i.e. the biggest difference in height are waves and the occasional storm surge) - or are there notable peaks and valleys?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 06:20 AM PDT

This may seem like a stupid question but given the vast network of oceans and waterways in the world I really was curious if you were to look at a cross section of all of the ocean's surfaces, would there be notably higher areas than others?

submitted by /u/tnick771
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Saturday, September 9, 2017

With the element radium being so rare, only a few kilograms total being mined over time, how did it make it into so many different consumer products, from watch dials to health elixirs?

With the element radium being so rare, only a few kilograms total being mined over time, how did it make it into so many different consumer products, from watch dials to health elixirs?

With the element radium being so rare, only a few kilograms total being mined over time, how did it make it into so many different consumer products, from watch dials to health elixirs?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 12:20 AM PDT

How does light affect our mood?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 08:58 PM PDT

Does detonating two nuclear bombs side by side have the same effect as detonating one doubly-large bomb?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 06:37 PM PDT

If quantum entanglement can't be used to transmit information, then how is this experiment (see description for link) possible?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 04:41 PM PDT

Been catching up on some reading, came across this experiment here. I've been told over and over again that entanglement can't be used to transmit information. So how the heck does this work? Aren't they extracting or inferring information about one photon's path from its entangled twin's behavior -- the exact sort of thing I've been told isn't possible?

submitted by /u/jon_stout
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Can someone please explain the science behind a snowball hitting a wall?

Posted: 09 Sep 2017 05:24 AM PDT

I watched a video a while ago explaining how when a snowball reaches a certain speed it will explode on impact no matter what angle you throw it at. That's why you end up with a perfect circle of snow left on a wall when the snowball hits it. But this is true for any substance I think. If you get something to a specific speed it will explode on impact. The video I watched related this to the rods from god project. I was trying to explain this to a friend and I couldn't remember the phenomenon or the science behind why this happens and I couldn't find the video I watched so if someone can help me out by explaining this that would be great.

submitted by /u/MerlynStar
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How are scattering cross-sections measured?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 08:19 PM PDT

The question itself is: I have seen on certain textbooks/study material that in order to measure the amount of particles scattered by an angle a, one must place a detector in such an angle with respect to the direction of the incident particles and pointing towards the target and simply count events. However, I can't see how it does not happen that the particles reaching the detector come from various impact parameters. To try and make it a little clear: If you put a detector far away and with a big scattering angle and count the amount of particles reaching it, you will get some counts belonging to particles with big impact parameter which were not scattered at all. On the other side, if you place the detector with no angle at all, you won't measure the amount of particles which were not deflected, because those (usually, I guess) have a big impact parameter.

Maybe I have a wrong understanding of what a scattering cross section is. From what I understand, in the case of a rigid potential such as a hard sphere, it is the area of interaction of the potential projected onto the plane of incidence. With continuous potentials, this generalizes to a measure of how strong/how much the incident beam is deflected by the target.

submitted by /u/Paul-Lubanski
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Maximum information density of photons?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 07:59 PM PDT

It impossible to transmit information faster than the speed of light (instantly), but is there a limit to the amount of information that can be transferred at the speed of light.

submitted by /u/Quantum_P
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Why does the intensity of all electromagnetic waves dissipate at the same rate, 1/r^2?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 02:00 PM PDT

I tried to find some answers about this fascinating property online, but all I got was the math behind it. Anyone have a more simple explanation as to why all electromagnetic waves behave this way? Thanks.

submitted by /u/agentbobR
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Why Dimensional Analysis / Buckingham Pi Theorem Works?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 04:58 PM PDT

I know that we can use dimensional analysis to experimentally correlate several variables and to reduce the amount of experiment that you need to do to determine those correlation. I also know that it can be used to scale things up.

Example: http://www-mdp.eng.cam.ac.uk/web/library/enginfo/aerothermal_dvd_only/aero/fprops/dimension/node6.html

In the example above, we want to study how drag (F) is effected by fluid velocity (v), viscosity (mu), density (rho) and diameter (D). Using dimensional analysis / Buckingham Pi Theorem, we can reduce the variables into Drag Coefficient and Reynold numbers. But why is this valid? Why does Buckingham Pi Theorem led to a conclusion that increasing fluid velocity and increasing fluid density will have the same effect on the drag coefficient because both conditions led to the same Reynolds Number? Buckingham Pi Theorem did not take into account any fundamental principles.

Every readings I encountered only explained why dimensional analysis is necessary and how to do it. I never found any resources that tried to explain why Buckingham Pi Theorem is justified.

submitted by /u/dkurniawan
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If space is expanding outwards, would part of the night sky eventually get darker?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 11:43 PM PDT

Mainly referring to stars that are getting farther away but also other factors if relevant. If everything is moving away from a point, would that point eventually be darker/emptier than the rest of the sky?

submitted by /u/cynber_mankei
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How do devices like cell phones and laptops determine the signal strength of wifi signals?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 10:52 AM PDT

How does the Hubble telescope position itself to observe different parts of the sky?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 02:14 PM PDT

What is the speed of kinetic energy?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 03:23 PM PDT

This might be an odd question but is there a speed of kinetic and potential energy?

I ask this because I'm sitting on a couch right now and there is a water bottle about a foot away from me. My movements and even my heartbeat is making the water in the bottle move. If I get up, the water is still. So I know it's me and not, say, air current from my fan or AC.

Now, I've been trying to figure out how fast it takes my heartbeat to transfer into the water. Is there a set limit or is it based on the force, in this example my heart, acting on the water? Or is it like sound or light where it only moves in one single speed?

submitted by /u/Onyx_Initiative
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What is the most probable physical distance between you and a random person on the internet?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 01:03 PM PDT

Is there a scientific approach to creating (and maintaining) a landfill other than covering trash with giant mounds of dirt?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 06:23 PM PDT

If so - what kind of things are taken into consideration?

submitted by /u/ima_rabbit_et_cetera
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[Physics] What is the difference between the sounds of different vowels?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 08:22 AM PDT

I'm not asking about how they're made or the physiology in any way. I mean, if you recorded two sustained vowel sounds, chopped off the beginnings and the ends, and compared the sustained sounds in the middle, what differentiates them? What differentiates a Long A from a Short A or an E? Is it pitch? Timbre?

submitted by /u/ArMcK
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Why is CMB in every direction?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 01:47 PM PDT

The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is observable in every direction. It is the radiation emitted by the opaque plasma that existed after the big bang that is now reaching us 13 billion years later. if we are still moving away from the origin of the big bang, surely after 13 billion years we would have exited the bounds of the plasma cloud that sources the CMB. Is this true? If so, why is the CMB in every direction? Wouldn't it be like looking at the earth from above the surface, filling a little or a lot less than half the sky?

submitted by /u/pdeboer1987
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For a project like Breakthrough Starshot, how is it possible to take an image that is useful when it is moving 15-20% of C?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 02:11 PM PDT

Wouldn't any camera able to capture images at that speed be too large to be considered for starshot?

submitted by /u/mynameisalsomatthew
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How do your sinuses drain in outer space?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 07:06 AM PDT

Why does my water bottle sometimes expel gas when I open it? Is this due to the chemicals in the water?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 07:57 PM PDT
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