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Friday, September 8, 2017

Is everything that we know about black holes theoretical?

Is everything that we know about black holes theoretical?


Is everything that we know about black holes theoretical?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 06:47 AM PDT

We know they exist and understand their effect on matter. But is everything else just a theory?

submitted by /u/tthatoneguyy
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What are p-values? What would it mean to go from a p-value of 0.05 to 0.005?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 05:19 PM PDT

A month ago, Nature made waves by publishing a commentary that the standard p-value should be changed from 0.05 to 0.005. If my intro to statistics covered p-values, I have completely forgotten, and the description in the commentary is abstract for me.

  • What are p-values? Is the last panel of this XKCD comic accurate?
  • Why is the standard 0.05? Is it related to the fact that 95% of a normal distribution is within two standard deviations from the mean?
  • What would the new standard mean in practical terms? Would it wreak havoc with the current social sciences?

(cross-poted to /r/explainlikeimfive/ and /r/askscience)

submitted by /u/comtedeRochambeau
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Earthquake/Tsunami Megathread

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 07:30 AM PDT

Hi everyone!

We're getting a lot of questions related to the recent earthquake and tsunami waves off the western coast of Mexico. Ask your questions about those here! Panel members will be in and out throughout the day so please do not expect an immediate answer. For hurricane questions, please direct them to our hurricane megathread instead.

Useful links:

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How do whitening strips affect your teeth chemically?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 02:53 PM PDT

I read recently that Jupiter itself is shrinking by 2cm per year. Does this mean it will eventually dissapear? How will this work?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 03:44 PM PDT

How do we know Pangaea existed? Do we have any hard proof or is an education guess/conclusion?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 05:28 AM PDT

Not much to say. I'm just genuinely curious.

submitted by /u/Wolvenfire86
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Blue stars burn hotter than yellow or red stars, if that's the case will that increase the habitable zone around those stars?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 01:05 PM PDT

What would the atmosphere be like on this planet and what could we theorize the day or night cycle would be like on a habitable planet with a different colored sun?

submitted by /u/son_of_noah
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Can tidally locked planets become untidily locked?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 01:01 AM PDT

What would the amount of force to spin it be? Obviously it would be very very hard to do but is it possible? And would spinning it throw its rotation off. Assuming you could get it to spin, would the planet continue to spin or would it eventually overtime slow back down and become relocked?

submitted by /u/I_am_Master_Cmander
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Does every liquid have a solid state?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 08:15 PM PDT

At what speeds to hydrogen atoms become deadly?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 10:46 PM PDT

I recently read this article about how traveling at light speed in science fiction would kill human travelers as the hydrogen atoms, when struck at these speeds, would give off an extremely fatal dose of radiation.

Pardon my ignorance here, but at what speeds does this occur? Say the hypothetical vehicle is moving at 75% light speed instead of 99% - is the dose of radiation less? Is it an all or nothing sort of thing or would it be the sort of thing that ramps up over time?

Say our hypothetical space ship is slowly gaining speed to approach 99% lightspeed. At what point do they start getting bombarded with this fatal radiation? Would it be like hitting a sudden radioactive brick wall or would it be more akin to a slow creep? How do they work out exactly when these reactions occur in these hydrogen atoms?

Thanks for your time!

submitted by /u/Krytenton
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Why are fires a major problem in the western United States but not so much in the forests of the east or midwest?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 09:56 AM PDT

At first I was thinking it may be related to moisture levels, but the PNW is obviously having serious fires right now, where it rains frequently. Is it the sheer expanse of forest present out west that raises the chances of serious fires?

submitted by /u/FoggyTitans
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How do we know the how old the universe is?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 08:28 PM PDT

Heard my prof mention it today in our lecture and it got me thinking as to how the hell we were able to measure that.

submitted by /u/youguesseditt
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Can solar flares affect the earths tectonic plates?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 05:56 AM PDT

I noticed there was a solar flare last night that hit earth and then a couple hours later a massive earthquake occured in mexico. could these events be related in any way and if so how?

submitted by /u/Structuresaurus
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Does underground nuclear testing have an effect on tectonic plates? Such as, North Korea testing a hydrogen bomb causing an earthquake in Mexico.

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 04:10 AM PDT

What if any effect would an underground nuclear test have on the tectonic plates? Could the recent hydrogen bomb test have any connection to the earthquake in Mexico?

submitted by /u/canyodaddypaymyrent2
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What are "Earthquake Lights" and what causes them?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 11:46 PM PDT

Video Example from last night's 8.0 magnitude earthquake in Mexico.

submitted by /u/boxheaddude
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[Seismology] Someone on twitter was claiming the earthquake in Mexico might be related to Houston, Tx sinking 2 cm, is there any truth in this?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 01:04 AM PDT

Obviously, I have no idea about seismology, so I need to ask the question in a number of phases

  1. Would City sized areas of the earth sink noticeably (a couple cm) under flood water? Does it happen?

  2. If that is possible, did Houston really sink 2 cm (or any other measurable value that we figured out)

  3. Would such a sinking possibly cause an earthquake?

  4. Bonus: If Houston did indeed sink, or if any other city sinks after flooding, does it ever rise back up?

Thanks

submitted by /u/c0d3M0nk3y
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How do distant neurons know to connect with each other to create new pathways?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 06:59 AM PDT

To be clear I'm talking about distant unconnected neurons, not just a change in dendrite strength or spine quantity.

Reading through various wikipedia articles, I understand that a neurons axiom sends out growth cones and that these cones are guided to a new neuron via chemical signalling.

But how does a neuron know to send out a growth cone, and how does the receiving neuron know to send out chemical signals to guide it?

Is it a case of luck? Something like: a neuron is receiving unusual stimulation due to a novel circumstance so it puts out signals to say come hither. Meanwhile another neuron is not generating the response it wants and sends out the growth cones. Thus if you are learning to kick a ball at the same time as speak mandarin you might find in future that you speak Mandarin better when kicking a ball because the connections got a bit mixed up.

If this is the case then what defines the difference between the neuron that sends the cone and the receiver? How does a neuron know that it is not generating the response that it needs and so sends out the cone or chemical signals?

submitted by /u/SystemicPlural
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If the sun emits white light and is extremely hot, why does light bulbs that emits white light not fry us?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 03:48 AM PDT

Why does it not fry me when I am just a few meters away like I would with the Sun?

Am I missing something in the equation that affects how much heat is produced?

submitted by /u/AoiMizune
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How are islands like the ABC islands formed?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 01:52 PM PDT

There are no volcano's anywhere around them so... How did they get there? Here is a picture

submitted by /u/frendion
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Is it possible for the frequency/severity of earthquakes to be affected by climate change?

Posted: 08 Sep 2017 01:26 AM PDT

I mean, I understand the basics - earthquakes are shifting tectonic plates rubbing against each other and that. I'm wondering if there's any connection at all to climate change though - for example, IF they're affected by volcanic activity and IF that is somehow affected by climate change, there could potentially be a link?

submitted by /u/Eggerslolol
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How do we know what comprises the insides of the Sun?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 08:29 PM PDT

so was watching this recent Kurzgesagt vid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0ldO87Pprc ... which got me thinking, how can we possibly know how the Sun is layered? obviously no human has gone to the Sun, much less bored thru to the center. no machine is capable of doing that either for obvious reasons. so what sort of a super xray telescope (if theres such a thing) do they use to see what's inside of any given star or planet or any other object moving thru space? are these are best guesses/estimates based on what we know of our own planet? are these guesses based on several stages dead stars/white dwarfs? I'd be very interested to know if someone could ELI5.

submitted by /u/redditor787
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Do any of the photons emitted from the Sun that reach Earth come directly from fusion reactions, or are all of them emitted by the outer plasma as thermal radiation?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 08:25 AM PDT

So, being that nuclear fusion only happens at the Sun's core, do the photons emitted from those reactions ever escape the sun, or do they all crash into something on the way out, and any light we get is from regular thermal radiation in the sun's outer plasma?

submitted by /u/Vidyabro
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Thursday, September 7, 2017

Megathread: 2017 Hurricane Season

Megathread: 2017 Hurricane Season


Megathread: 2017 Hurricane Season

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 04:29 PM PDT

The 2017 Atlantic Hurricane season has produced destructive storms.

Ask your hurricane related questions and read more about hurricanes here! Panel members will be in and out throughout the day so please do not expect an immediate answer.

Here are some helpful links related to hurricanes:

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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After recently watching a Kurzgesagt video about bringing a piece of the sun to Earth: Are fusion reactors truly safe when they fail?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 06:16 AM PDT

Reference video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0ldO87Pprc

In the video, Kurzgesagt discusses the possible results of bringing a piece of the sun, gathering from different areas, to Earth and the effects of bringing the pieces. Most of the effects basically involved large, planet affecting explosions.

Fusion reactors are described as safe and don't 'melt down'. If we are recreating a process much much hotter than the sun in a fusion reactor, why would a containment fail still be considered safer than a fission reactor, other than the obvious radiation issue?

submitted by /u/Cryptonat
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Is spin a bulk property? Does it make sense to talk about the spin of a macro object by adding up spins of individual particles, the same way that we can talk about its charge by adding up the individual charges?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 02:45 AM PDT

[Chemistry] Are frozen vegetables any less healthy than fresh ones? Does anything happen at a molecular level when you freeze vegetables that makes them process differently in our bodies?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 05:57 PM PDT

Is it possible for black holes to lose their "black hole" status?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 07:22 AM PDT

If a black hole eventually radiates it's mass away through hawking radiation, can it get to the point where it does not meet it's schwarzchild radius, and loses it's "Nothing that passes it's event horizon, not even light, can return" property?

submitted by /u/Hawksource-
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Why is the impact from being hit while wearing a bulletproof vest so much worse than the recoil from a rifle?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 06:14 PM PDT

From my understanding, recoil is the force the bullet exerts on the mass of the gun, and the impact felt by the person being hit is the energy of the traveling projectile, spread through the mass of the vest. The force of the bullet is the same in both cases, so why is the reported damage so different?

submitted by /u/HelviusCinna
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How is the temperature of rogue planets measured?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 06:43 AM PDT

I came across this video Rogue Planets, Loners of the Universe and they mentioned infrared. I googled and came across answers that mentioned the "energy over waveband the waveband of interest", but I realize that is for planets that orbit a sun. Since rogue planets are defined as objects that have been ejected from the planetary system in which they formed, how does this apply? I've seen thermal and infrared cameras in commercial use - I wonder what type of tools or equipment are necessary to read these measurements in space.

submitted by /u/hedgehogflamingo
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Why does the Inverse Compton Effect prevent the atmosphere from lighting up from an atomic explosion?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 01:17 AM PDT

So Inverse Compton Effect is that a charged particle and give some of its energy to a photon, and somehow that prevents the atmosphere from lighting up in an atomic explosion.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nuclear_explosions

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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Why are there designated unused positions in unicode blocks?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 07:23 PM PDT

For example U+0378 is not mapped to a character, why?

submitted by /u/READERmii
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What type of explosive is being used for the H-Bomb's explosive lenses (Fuse for the fission reaction)?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 03:37 AM PDT

Is RDX and TNT still used?

submitted by /u/monkeymonkeym
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At what point does the speed of air moving over a surface start heating from friction rather than cooling by carrying away heat?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 02:24 PM PDT

Is there a map of the human genome?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 02:26 AM PDT

Is there an accurate map of the human genome? That is maybe an interactive map and says what dna does what in theory. Like showing a giant full length dna sequence of examples and when you click on a certain section it shows eye color, circadian rhythm, and other fascinating theoretical sequences.

submitted by /u/ArmoredBattalion
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How are NOAA's storm chaser planes able to fly through hurricane Irma and not go down? I'd think the propellers and/or the windows would take a serious beating. How are they designed to handle the intense wind and rain and keep the crew safe?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 11:57 AM PDT

What would happen if you put separate ends of a "rope" into 2 different blackholes?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 10:26 PM PDT

Hypothetically, the rope is strong enough to not break.

submitted by /u/hopeless_poet
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How does the destructive force of an H-Bomb propagate?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 12:42 AM PDT

An atomic bomb keeps sending out particles that will break apart other particles to cause a chain reaction.

What about an H-Bomb? All I know is that you use an incredible amount of energy to force light atoms to fuse, resulting in a compound with lower potential energy that what it started with. And then everyone dies...? How?

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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After an extended period of time, will a ceiling/floor fan actually make a room warmer because it is adding energy to the molecules around it?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 01:20 PM PDT

Do most animals fast when ill?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 10:41 AM PDT

Has anyone ever attempted to fuse heavy elements by artificial nucleosynthesis? What would make such a process difficult?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 08:55 AM PDT

How long would you need to survive to out live a zombie apocalypse?

Posted: 07 Sep 2017 02:23 AM PDT

Zombies are just decomposing bodies out in the elements, so how long would you need to survive before they reach a level of decomp that they no longer pose a threat of being able to chase you down and attack you?

submitted by /u/the_dying_punk
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Do plants die of old age?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 12:29 PM PDT

Aside from the obvious seasonal plants, do plants such as bushes and trees ever get "old" like people do? If so, are there old characteristics? Can a bush or tree die of old age if it is otherwise healthy?

submitted by /u/Alfrasco
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Is it possible for a nucleus to 'be' between two excited states?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 08:34 AM PDT

Hi everyone,

I am currently working on a thesis about radiation and specifically about gamma decay. As I was reading literature about ground state and excited state, I wondered wether it is possible for a nucleus to 'be' between two excited states or between excited state and ground state. I think this is not possible because a emited gammaphoton will include all the energy that is between two states so a gammaphoton can't include half the energy there is between two states.

Is my way of thinking correct or am I missing the point horribly here?

Thanks in regard!

submitted by /u/Dr_Oetlul
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Do all solids have a triple point?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 08:29 AM PDT

Is it merely a question of getting the temp low enough and pulling a large enough vacuum?

I'm trying to determine if I can use sublimation for crystal formation.

submitted by /u/thecasey1981
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Wednesday, September 6, 2017

When a storm like Irma is at sea, what's happening below the surface?

When a storm like Irma is at sea, what's happening below the surface?


When a storm like Irma is at sea, what's happening below the surface?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 08:08 PM PDT

How is the biosphere effected? Do fish just swim deeper and go about their regular life?

submitted by /u/DrJawn
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If you were to randomly find a playing card on the floor every day, how many days would it take to find a full deck?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 09:25 AM PDT

The post from front page had me wondering. If you were to actually find a playing card on the floor every day, how long would it take to find all 52? Yes, day 1, you are sure not to find any duplicates, but as days pass, the likelihood of you finding a random card are decreased. By the time you reach the 30th card, there is a 22/52 chance of finding a new card. By the time you are looking for the last card, it is 1/52. I can't imagine this would be an easy task!

submitted by /u/Eddie_shoes
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Aside from Pu-238, what other sources of power could be used for deep space satellites?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 06:35 AM PDT

I know Pu-238 was used by numerous satellites like Cassini and Voyager, but is there any other nuclear power source with a similarly long half-life? Po-210 would seem to be a possible substitute, but it's half-life is too short.

submitted by /u/7spade
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It is said the theoretical maximum sustainable wind speed in a hurricane is around 200mph. Why?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 02:01 PM PDT

While there might be spikes above that, it is said that the theoretical maximum speed of wind, that a hurricane can keep up sustainably, is around 200mph. This is what Hurricane Irma is approaching towards. Why is that so?

submitted by /u/hdsjulian
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Why do larger elements have more neutrons in comparison to their protons?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 07:18 AM PDT

Why do Ammonites seem to be the most common fossil, and why are they referenced so often to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, compared to other species who went extinct?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 02:02 AM PDT

Why can't quarks exist as separate individual particles?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 04:01 PM PDT

Im reading a physics book and the author just wrote the above argument with no explanation/ reference to some research on the subject as a basis. As if this was a given. I demand an explanation!

submitted by /u/Hashanadom
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How do scientists measure extreme temperatures?

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 12:55 AM PDT

E.g. the melting point of steel or near absolute zero. I'm pretty sure a regular thermometer wouldn't cut it.

submitted by /u/TheWonderworks
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 06 Sep 2017 08:06 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why does the European model for hurricane forecasts outperform the American model by such a large degree?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 03:31 PM PDT

With the recent Hurricane Harvey hitting the United States in Texas, the American HMON model showed Harvey heading over Mexico, while the European model's prediction was very close to the actual path. Why is the American model so far behind?

Article for reference: https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/09/at-times-during-harvey-the-european-model-outperformed-humans/

submitted by /u/how_do_i_land
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How do all-purpose cleaners work?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 05:11 PM PDT

I have a bottle here that lists several ingredients including: decyl glucoside, sodium citrate, glycerin, and a lot of natural oils. How do these ingredients actually clean a surface?

submitted by /u/mpblizzard
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How does being struck by lightning and surviving affect the survivor's physiology?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 03:42 PM PDT

I've heard several stories of people being struck by lightning and surviving. In some cases, the same person was struck more than once at a different time. How does a lightning strike affect the body of survivors? Does it have any long standing effects that can be seen years after?

submitted by /u/AbruptBiblicalSword
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How does a radar measure a rotational speed of a baseball?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 09:41 PM PDT

Start Speed: 88.3 mph Spin Rate: 1710.4 rpm

You can easily see these kinds of stats in baseball forums.
How do you measure a spin rate of a ball?

submitted by /u/skchyou
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How do trees know what time of year it is for defoliation?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 03:46 PM PDT

I always thought it was something like hibernation, or if they are on a schedule? Thanks for answering!

submitted by /u/destroydadestroy
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Are there tectonic plates on Mars?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 07:39 PM PDT

Earth's mountains and volcanoes are formed by tectonic plate collisions (at least, that's my basic understanding of it). So, is this the case on Mars? Does Mars have earthquakes (or, maybe call them marsquakes)? What about the volcanoes on Mars? Are there any, and if so, what are they like? Are the igneous rocks formed by those volcanoes similar to those on Earth? Also, what about Mercury and Venus? What do we know about those planets?

submitted by /u/caezium
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How do rocket scientists know what velocity is needed to enter the orbit of bodies other than Earth?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 07:47 PM PDT

I'm been bingeing "Space Race" stuff lately and I think I can comprehend how we calculated the velocity required to enter orbit above Earth. I don't understand how we made the calculations to have a spacecraft enter orbit over a body that humanity has not set foot on.

What kinds of data were used to calculate velocities to enter orbit above bodies such as Jupiter.

I thank you in advance for any responses.

submitted by /u/kufunuguh
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How small could an aneutronic reactor be?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 08:24 PM PDT

I'm interested in reality-grounded science-fiction power sources, and it was suggested to me that very small reactors could be make if we mastered aneutronic fusion. How small could an aneutronic fusion reactor be and remain safe for biological life to be around? How would the size affect the efficiency?

Note: I'm not an idiot, but I'm no engineer or nuclear physicist.

submitted by /u/VoidAgent
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Why is the center of the Milky Way galaxy always shown as a bright spot? Isn't there a supermassive black hole there?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 02:52 PM PDT

How inaccurate are typically earthquake magnitude estimates?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 10:16 AM PDT

Estimates of the magnitude of the earthquake created by the most recent North Korean nuclear test range from 5.6 to 6.4. That's a range of 0.8, corresponding to a factor 15 uncertainty in energy release. Is an uncertainty this big typical for an earthquake of this size?

submitted by /u/amaurea
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Why do swallowed hormones (e.g. The pill) work? Shouldn't the acid & proteases render them non-functional?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 03:32 PM PDT

How were the electron transport chain and Krebs Cycle discovered?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 05:04 PM PDT

Chemistry always boggles my mind.

submitted by /u/yosimba2000
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If quartz oscillates at an exact frequency, how can an atomic clock be any more accurate?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 07:58 AM PDT

Other than supermassive black holes, what makes up our galactic core?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 09:42 AM PDT

Most websites state that anything that agonises/antagonises receptors can only be removed by decay and be cleared naturally by the body. Is it feasible to unbind receptors without depending on half life?

Posted: 05 Sep 2017 04:39 PM PDT

Curious.

Suggestions:

Go inverse? (Assuming it was an Antagonist, treat it with an agonist and vise versa - going with a Antagonist with this example) I'd imagine that it wouldn't actually neutralize the antagonist that is causing the effect and instead you would with a constant fluctuation receptor activity? (I'd imagine) Also, you couldn't find exact agonist to negate the effect - finding a similar agonist sure, but you will end up with maybe more side effects where the agonists and antagonists don't match.

Clearing cycle? The brain has its own maintainence cells (Neuroglia) that do various things from providing homeostasis to removing cells and foreign substances. Pharmaceuticals that do antagonises/agonises receptors I would imagine wouldn't (?) detect as a threat because the pharmaceutical works. Does it? Is it not? Does it actually Are the special onset triggers for certain neuroglia? Would it even clear foreign receptor binders if specially triggered? etc. etc.

Food/Exercise? Something just as simple as eating the right water/fat soluble foods or doing loads of cardio or is it more complex than that?

To say a substance will cover everything is very ambiguous. Feel free (please) to use any other receptor examples or even solutions while explaining. I assumed serotonin receptors in my explanation.

Thank you.

Please, when you explain the answers please explain them in layman terms, I use all these terms when in fact I am just really dumb. Thanks a lot.

submitted by /u/Detourmenation
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