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Wednesday, August 16, 2017

How does a computer network like HBO's handle the massive output of data for short bursts of time, like a GoT episode?

How does a computer network like HBO's handle the massive output of data for short bursts of time, like a GoT episode?


How does a computer network like HBO's handle the massive output of data for short bursts of time, like a GoT episode?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 08:25 AM PDT

HBO but have to stream massive amounts of data for about an hour when the episode is first up followed by a percipitous drop-off in usage. Would they have to build a network with the capacity of Netflix just to have this capacity for a few hours a year? Generally how do massive amounts of data get transferred from one source over shortly periods?

submitted by /u/stb1150
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"Graphene can do just about anything except leave the lab." Why is graphene so difficult to utilize?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 10:20 PM PDT

When something gives off a scent, does it lose mass?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 06:35 PM PDT

Can statisticians control for people lying on surveys?

Posted: 16 Aug 2017 07:58 AM PDT

Reddit users have been telling me that everyone lies on online surveys (presumably because they don't like the results).

Can statistical methods detect and control for this?

submitted by /u/Tin_Foil_Haberdasher
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If we made a perfectly round object, would it be possible to know if it was spinning or not?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 10:00 PM PDT

Implying that there is this theoretical perfectly round sphere, if I spun it, wouldn't the fact that it's the same on every side you can imagine make it so you couldn't see the difference between it "facing" north and facing south? Then how would it be possible to know if it was spinning?

submitted by /u/Minecraft_Redstoning
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When I leave the window open, is it heat escaping or cold entering that reduces the temperature in my house?

Posted: 16 Aug 2017 05:41 AM PDT

How are humans able to fart gas out downwards if gasses naturally rise in the body?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 07:57 PM PDT

Inside of a human's rectum, shouldn't solids sink to the bottom gasses rise to the top? How can we fart gas followed by solids? Doesn't physics say it should be the other way around?

submitted by /u/Simerty
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Why do our eyes become red when we are deprived of sleep?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 08:17 AM PDT

It's a classical sign. Why does it happen?

submitted by /u/zorbix
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 16 Aug 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why does the gas constant R show up in so many equations, even ones not involving any gasses?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 07:05 PM PDT

What is the purpose of things that are not food smelling good to us?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 08:23 PM PDT

Was at work crossing things off with a sharpie and caught myself sniffing it while I was thinking about something. And I was like "What the heck nose that isn't good for you!"

submitted by /u/BiolanKnight
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Would it be possible to get a sun tan on the moon?

Posted: 16 Aug 2017 07:11 AM PDT

Provided the needs for human survival are met, i.e oxygen and warmth (in a heated Perspex capsule for example) could a person get tanned or sunburned on the moon? If not, why?

submitted by /u/Whatsthemattermark
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Why are there no CPUs with an odd number of processing cores?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 06:16 PM PDT

Aside from a single core, there aren't any odd numbered core count CPUs that I know of (Tri-core, Penta-core, etc).

submitted by /u/mqggaming
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[Physics] What exactly determines how a radioactive isotope will decay?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 12:18 PM PDT

Physics graduate here, I've got a decent understanding of nuclear physics but I've never seen an explanation of what exactly determines if a radioactive isotope will decay by alpha, beta, gamma or a mixture of the three.

submitted by /u/paddymcg123
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Is the recording of my voice really what my voice sounds like? I mean is it what people hear when they hear me talk?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 11:21 AM PDT

Hey redditers I was recording my voice for my YouTube channel and it when i was listening to my voice and I cringe so badly cause is it what people hear when they hear my voice.

submitted by /u/batmankilledjoker24
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How does ecolocation work when several bats are near eachother?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 08:38 PM PDT

If a group of bats are flying within a given area, do they experience 'interference' from one another? Do they use slightly different frequencies? Or are they even able to use signals from other bats to 'see'?

submitted by /u/Yoda2000675
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What's our galaxy orbiting around?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 07:18 AM PDT

So our moon orbits around us on earth. Earth orbits around Sol. Sol is orbiting around something in the middle of the milky way. What's the milky way orbiting around?

submitted by /u/JawesomeJess
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What happens in my ears when I close my nostrils and mouth and try to exhale?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 07:54 PM PDT

Why does that clear my ears and make them "pop"?

submitted by /u/MilkShaikh
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Does uranium actually glow green as it's often depicted? If so, why?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 09:14 PM PDT

Is personality genetic? If some of it is how are certain traits determined?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 11:18 AM PDT

How complex can 'nuclear molecules' get?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 08:24 AM PDT

In the 'hard' science fiction book 'Dragon's Egg' by Robert Forward, there is an intelligent species that evolves on the surface of a neutron star, using nuclear interactions to store energy, consume food, have thoughts and immune systems, etc, instead of chemical/electron interactions as life on Earth does.

Putting aside the question of how likely this would be or what barriers the magnetic field might pose - how complex can nuclear interactions get? Is there anything equivalent to the element carbon and the rich diversity of molecules it spawns, in a nuclear setting? Are there any realistic candidates for nuclear ATP, DNA, proteins, etc?

submitted by /u/zelmerszoetrop
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How are two photons quantum entangled?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 08:18 PM PDT

As in, when the Chinese scientists "teleported" a photon by entangling it with another, how did they do that?

submitted by /u/Skipp_To_My_Lou
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When I zoom all the way in on my camera, the front of the lens goes inwards and then back outwards, while the image smoothly zooms in. Why does the lens change direction halfway?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 12:04 PM PDT

Why does it seem like ancient texts (Roman, etc) are written so densely. Were people really that verbose in those days or does it come from translation?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 07:19 PM PDT

Tuesday, August 15, 2017

How does our circulatory system handle losing a limb?

How does our circulatory system handle losing a limb?


How does our circulatory system handle losing a limb?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 03:21 PM PDT

Do smaller animals see smaller things?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 05:36 PM PDT

Can a magnetic south pole or a north pole exist on it's own?

Posted: 15 Aug 2017 05:19 AM PDT

Generally if you break a bar magnet in half the two halves become two bar magnets with a north and a south pole in each. But I have wondered (and seen in some physics questions esp in GCE AL Physics) of such a thing. Is this possible at least hypothetically?

submitted by /u/Deoxyribau5
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Do the galaxies orbit around something?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 06:14 PM PDT

Do the galaxy cluster orbit around something? if so, why isn't there an actual center of the universe?

submitted by /u/IamjustSoul
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Why do albino animals usually have red eyes?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 07:13 PM PDT

If CO2 has a great influence on global warming, does Mars also have its temperature altered, since its atmosphere is 95% CO2?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 08:49 PM PDT

Mars is cold, but is it warmer than it could be, since some say carbon dioxide affects temperature? Or am I totally stupid and CO2 would only affect temperature on Earth due to other elements that are only present on the Earth's atmosphere?

submitted by /u/mr10volt
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Why do mosquitoes inject some venom after they've sucked your blood?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 03:23 PM PDT

Is human fertilization random chance with many sperm making it, or are the sperm making an effort to be the one?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 08:42 AM PDT

Why is the sun orange but the light we see on earth clear and not tinted orange?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 07:34 AM PDT

Can cavitation occur in other types of liquid other than water and what happens when its attempted?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 12:25 PM PDT

I have seen videos explaining cavitation in water and showing it in slow motion. Also, I have seen small sea creatures that use cavitations to stun prey. While watching videos similar to this video of a shrimp using cavitation showing that this creates a small amount of light and quite a bit of heat.

This made me think about if there is research on cavitation with in other types of liquids(liquid, helium, hydrogen, brake fluid, refrigerants) or maybe even plasmas. If there is research on that what was the results, or would it even work? Also, can cavitation occur in space(in a vacuum)?

submitted by /u/BIGDATA_Construct
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Why does a battery work on my track pad?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 04:39 PM PDT

OK so a kinda weird question, but I don't know why using either end of a battery works if I swipe it across the track pad. It works with some other fully metal things as well. I have no idea why this happens, I asked google but that didn't help so this is my next resort.

submitted by /u/JEF_one_F
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What is CP symmetry ? How does weak interaction violate it ?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 11:57 AM PDT

Monday, August 14, 2017

AskScience AMA Series: We are the Ask an Astronomer Team at Cornell University. Ask Us Anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We are the Ask an Astronomer Team at Cornell University. Ask Us Anything!


AskScience AMA Series: We are the Ask an Astronomer Team at Cornell University. Ask Us Anything!

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 05:00 AM PDT

Hi Reddit!

We are the Ask an Astronomer Team at Cornell University. We are a group of graduate students within the Department of Astronomy that volunteer to answer questions from the public, both online and in various events hosted throughout the city of Ithaca, NY. Our website (http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/) describes more of what we do and how to contact us. Its been a few years since our last AMA, but we're back to answer your questions about astronomy and the Universe!

Answering questions tonight are 11 graduate students:

  • Cristobal Armaza- My main interests orbit around theoretical astrophysics. Currently, I work on the implementation of a new code to solve the equations of hydrodynamics in astrophysical contexts.
  • Paul Corlies- I study planetary atmospheres (clouds, hazes, etc), ground based observing, and solar system satellite development/instrumentation
  • Dylan Cromer- I am interested in cosmology, specifically relating cosmological tests of dark matter and modified gravity theories by examining data from surveys of the cosmic microwave background.
  • Andrew Foster - Planetary and Exoplanetary science, with a focus on atmospheres. Specifically, using radiative transfer to probe atmospheric structure and the composition of atmospheres and clouds. Also interested in chemistry and astrobiology.
  • Avani Gowardhan- I study how supermassive black holes impact the growth and star formation in their host galaxies in the local universe
  • Matt Hankins- I study massive stars and star formation in the Galactic center using infrared observations from NASA's SOFIA mission (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/SOFIA/index.html).
  • Thea Kozakis- I study the environments of Earth-like planets orbiting newly born and dying stars and their atmospheres. I mainly work on computer models to determine potential habitibility of planets
  • Cody Lamarche- I study the interstellar medium in high-redshift galaxies to learn about star formation and supermassive black hole growth at a time when the universe was less than half its current age.
  • Jack Madden- I study the climate and habitability of exoplanets using computer models.
  • Ishan Mishra- I am interested in studying planetary science, exoplanets and habitability.
  • Christopher Rooney- I study the movement of galaxies through the universe, though I'm interested in many different topics in astronomy
  • Akshay Suresh- I am interested in studying stellar and planetary magnetic fields.

We'll be on from 7-9 PM EDT (23-1 UT). Ask Us Anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Did dinosaurs urinate like mammals or poo uric acid like birds?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 10:34 AM PDT

Power generator; rpm = output?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 03:08 AM PDT

My father worked at the power plant in my home town. We were talking about steam pressures and turbine rotations per minute. He said once the rotor is synced to the grid at say 3,600rpm, that you can't just add more steam to get more electricity output. He started telling me about amps on the rotor and the phases of the stator, Excitors and brushes... Then he lost me.

It seems to me that the more steam pressure you put on the turbine and the faster you make the rotor turn, then the more electricity you could produce. If this is not the case, then why not?

submitted by /u/Tanc22
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How are memories stored at a cellular level?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 06:04 PM PDT

Moreover, are short term memories stored by a different physiological mechanism than long term memories? Or is all memory and learning achieved by the same fundamental cellular changes to neurons?

submitted by /u/jdlc700
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Descriptions of fusion ramscoops (Bussard ramjets) in literature often postulate a frontal funnel-like magnetic field to scoop up interstellar hydrogen. Would the interaction of this field with hydrogen generate friction, or a friction-like effect?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 09:12 PM PDT

Exactly what property of a quark is being described by its "color?"

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 12:54 PM PDT

Quarks are labeled as red, green, and blue. But quarks are smaller than the wavelength of visible light, so they are not actually colored. I understand "color" is an easy way for scientists to distinguish and label different quarks, but what property is actually being described?

submitted by /u/rooren-sama
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Why can other mammals safely eat raw chicken?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 04:39 PM PDT

Would it be possible to tell what *planet* an alloy was created on?

Posted: 14 Aug 2017 06:58 AM PDT

To me, it seems an atom is an atom is an atom. An atom of silicon on earth would be indistinguishable from an atom of silicon on mars or another part of the galaxy.

I'm working on a "hard science" type science fiction novel. In the story, there are a few habitable planets with various cultures on them. I'd like for Planet A to create technology that is an attempted forgery of technology from Planet B.

I'd like a scientist in the story to be able to figure out that this doohickey was actually created on Planet A, due to maybe trace amounts of this or that?

I'd love some help with the science part of this if someone is interested! Thanks!

submitted by /u/piratebroadcast
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Why is the half life of Tungsten-180 1.8 quintillion years? How is this verified?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 02:17 PM PDT

Is there some set of differential equations that verifies this?

submitted by /u/gnuforlyfe
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Why is "drifting" faster in some types of auto racing, but in other types, the traditional braking/apex/accelerating method is faster?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 05:23 PM PDT

In some types of auto racing, such as rally and dirt oval track, oversteering through a curve is much faster. In most other types, such as F1 and asphalt oval track, it's all about preserving speed and grip through perfectly timed transitions and taking the perfect line. The same is true on motocross vs. Moto GP bike racing.

What is the scientific reasoning for this? I assume it relates to the amount of traction the surface allows the tires to have, but why? How can having wheelspin and oversteer be faster than only driving as fast as the tire traction allows?

submitted by /u/UndercoverFBIAgent9
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Can you construct a constant Gravitational Field?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 08:46 PM PDT

It is possible with both Electric and Magnetic field to construct an object that produces a field has the same value everywhere in a given space (capacitor for E field and Solenoid with B field). Would it be possible to construct an object that produces a constant Gravitational field?

My intuition says no since both E and B fields have dipoles and gravity is effectively a monopole field (ie particles with mass only attract). Beyond that I'm not sure how the rest of the argument would follow. Am I on the right track?

submitted by /u/SuicidalEclair
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When I dream, is my visual cortex being activated or is it merely a thoughtform?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 12:45 PM PDT

Okay, so if I am dreaming, I am obviously experiencing the dream, but what I wonder is, does my brain experience this dream and the things that I "see" the same way that I experience and see things in real life? Or, is it all merely vivid imagination and you aren't really "seeing" the dream?

submitted by /u/godinthismachine
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What determines the colour of a flame?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 06:26 PM PDT

I've been told before that the blue/red-orange colour of a flame is due to the blackbody radiation from hot bits of soot etc. in the flame, rather than emission from heated air. If that's the case, why is the colour different when the flame has other elements, such as sodium or lithium. Is it a matter of soot being a relatively large object?

submitted by /u/KerbalFactorioLeague
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What happens to Unruh radiation when I stop accelerating?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 09:53 PM PDT

So, suppose I'm on a rocket, and I fire the engines. I'm now in an accelerating reference frame, and Unruh radiation is generated at some horizon, presumably very far away. However, if I wait long enough, I'll observe it. There's a cloud of particles zillions of light-years away, but heading my way.

However, before they reach me, I stop the engines.

Now, I'm in an inertial reference frame. If I wait long enough, will that cloud of radiation still reach me? Or does it "disappear" somehow because I'm in an inertial frame once again?

submitted by /u/SurprisedPotato
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What are shark teeth actually made of?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 07:53 PM PDT

I majored in Evolution and Ecology and currently teach high school biology, but I had a thought today that stumped me. Sharks are cartilaginous fish so they lack actual bone skeletons found in other types of fish. I know that cartilage can vary in strength and calcium levels, but what are a sharks teeth actually made of? Are they super calcified cartilage or some type of primitive/transitional bone?

Also do they have the internal structures (root/nerve etc) that regular, bony teeth have?

As someone who focused in marine bio I was a little ashamed that I don't know this, so thanks in advance!!

submitted by /u/GlotzbachsToast
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How do ants pheremone trails work? And how do two colonies decide to peacefully merge?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 04:00 PM PDT

How tall is the Milky Way? Is it completely flat, as in there are no stars above or below us? Or is it like a cylinder?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 11:23 AM PDT

Why does the universe keep expanding?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 02:05 PM PDT

How it works the communication between Nasa and the curiosity rover?

Posted: 13 Aug 2017 08:24 PM PDT

I read somewhere that communication occur using radio signal, but the signal takes 13 minutes to reach curiosity rover, Nasa sends one command (take picture, send photos to earth, walk one meter) every 13 minutes? [grammar nazy correctors are welcome]

submitted by /u/ggmoreira
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