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Thursday, June 15, 2017

How far does an insect (like a beetle or a fly) travel from the place they were born in?

How far does an insect (like a beetle or a fly) travel from the place they were born in?


How far does an insect (like a beetle or a fly) travel from the place they were born in?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 04:58 AM PDT

How come no matter how realistic a computer generated face is, we know it's not real?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 08:42 PM PDT

Even if I see a "hyper realistic" reconstruction of a famous persons face, or a similar situation, my mind knows it's a reconstruction, not an actual photo.

submitted by /u/PotatoPotahto
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If I'm flying by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, would I see them bright and colorful or would they be somewhat dark because they're so far away from the sun?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:14 AM PDT

If there are magnetic field lines are there gravitational field lines also?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:57 AM PDT

If there are what is the significance of them and how do field lines relate to the waves in electromagnetic and gravitational fields?

submitted by /u/shardro
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Does our body absorb all the calories that is mentioned on a food product?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 09:09 AM PDT

We can often find the number of total calories mentioned on a product under "nutritional info". Do these calories represent what our bodies will be able to absorb or the total number of absorbed calories differ from what is mentioned?

In other words, is the calories information mentioned on a food item already adjusted for the losses during digestion?

EDIT: Thanks for all the answers. I am trying to lose weight so I do watch my calories closelyand that's how I ended up with this question in my head.

submitted by /u/foinf
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How are feathers grown?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 04:18 PM PDT

How do I calculate rotational simulated gravity?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:31 AM PDT

Hello, I'm trying to learn about interplanetary spaceflight. I know you can simulate gravity by having a spinning ship (or ship section, or two tethered ships rotating around a center). In my understanding, the simulated force would be just a function of the radius of the spinning section and rotational frequency. However, I haven't found a formula that does this. What I'm searching is basically a way to answer questions like "If my rotating section has a radius of 100 m, how many rpm do I need to simulate 0.5 g at the circumference?"

Thanks in advance, and if I'm in violation of any rules, please tell me. Also sorry for any bad English or abusing scientific jargon, non-native speaker and all that.

submitted by /u/GreyOgre
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Why can an obect be sped fast enough to break apart when spinning the room around it will not result in that, even though from the room's perspective the object is spinning the same way both times?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:29 AM PDT

How accurate are the DNA/ancestry composition tests by companies like 23andMe?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 01:32 PM PDT

I, like many of you, have seen dozens of commercials for companies like 23andMe. This companies claim that with a DNA sample, typically saliva, they can tell you about your ancestry.

So, how accurate are these tests? Are there several peer-review articles that confirm what these companies do?

submitted by /u/PopCultureNerd
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Can you climb a rope on a spinning spaceship?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 09:00 AM PDT

Here's a more fleshed-out version of the question:

Let's say you're on a wagon-wheel-like spaceship that's spinning such that the (sorry) centrifugal force inside the 'wheel' (where the crew would be) is equivalent to 1G. Now let's say you're climbing around the outside of the wheel, using handholds that you're tethered to with a metal cable. If you fell off, you'd be hanging off the wheel by the cable, spinning 'below' the wheel relative to the center of the wheel. In this circumstance, would you still be able to climb back up the cable, or is there some weird interaction with vacuum or spinning reference frames or some other weird space thing that would prevent this? Thanks!

submitted by /u/spark2
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Why is breastfeeding so difficult and unintuitive for many women? Why aren't humans like other animals that seem to do it with ease?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 06:35 PM PDT

It seems that many new moms and babies have to struggle to learn this basic function. How does this make sense evolutionarily?

submitted by /u/joeklein9
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Does diet soda actually cause weight gain by itself or is it the habits that come because of it?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 06:35 PM PDT

So I know diet soda is not good for you as most carbonated beverages are. But does the calorie free drinks actually cause weight gain or is it that people tend to eat worse and they justify it with the fact that they had diet soda.

submitted by /u/abrowithgoals
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Why do we yawn?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:41 AM PDT

If people are born in an underground facility will they eventually develop a sleeping pattern similar to most surface dwellers?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 04:27 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 08:07 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How is it that my phone camera can see better through stormy weather than my own eyes can?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 03:35 PM PDT

How have past cataclysmic events influenced human genetic mutations?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 08:23 PM PDT

How exactly do the tall 1500' radio/communications towers get erected?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 11:45 PM PDT

How accurate is the temperature data collected from the liquid-in-glass thermometer since 1850s?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 11:42 PM PDT

I read about how liquid-in-glass thermometer had been used used for recording temperatures since 1850s, but I also read somewhere else that these kind of thermometers have to be kept in a white painted boxes with vents to avoid errors from the sunlight from altering the temperature. I was wondering, therefore, if any knew if the measurements early on had kept this in account. If not, how (in)accurate the data would be?

submitted by /u/realljthewriter
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Why isn't an anti-tick medication available for humans like it is for dogs?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 05:54 AM PDT

My brother and I have been wondering about this for awhile now after we gave our dog her anti-tick chewable pill. It kills fleas and some species of ticks before they attach or lay eggs. Since ticks carry Lyme disease and it can spread to humans, why hasn't a pill (or possibly vaccine?) been invented that humans can take?

submitted by /u/Littlebettyyy
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Are a magnet's attracting and repelling forces equal?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 04:58 AM PDT

For a perfectly symmetrical magnet, are both opposite forces exactly equal? Or is one force stronger than the other?

submitted by /u/noneo
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How does friction help a car to turn?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 04:58 AM PDT

I know that friction helps car to move forward. The engine of the car turns the wheels, and the tyres have to grip the road in order for the car to start moving forward. If there is no friction, tyres cannot grip the road!

But I can't imagine how does friction act as a centripetal force when the car is turning on a roundabout? What is happening at the point of contact between the wheel and the road ?

submitted by /u/emansuradi
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What is the relationship between graph cuts and the eigenvectors of the graph's Laplacian?

Posted: 15 Jun 2017 04:30 AM PDT

Wednesday, June 14, 2017

Has anti-hydrogen formed bonds to form anti H2? If not what circumstances would you need?

Has anti-hydrogen formed bonds to form anti H2? If not what circumstances would you need?


Has anti-hydrogen formed bonds to form anti H2? If not what circumstances would you need?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:24 PM PDT

I am assuming that a bunch of trapped anti-hydrogen atoms will like to form bonds with each-other as regular hydrogen does (you don't really have a way to have atomic hydrogen in the gas phase)

submitted by /u/kkllee
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Why do most objects in the night sky (stars and planets) look to be the same size relative to our naked eyes?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 06:19 AM PDT

In general, by how much percent can solar and wind take over an energy grid, before we need batteries or alternatives that can respond to time-varying energy demands?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:21 PM PDT

My understanding is that, because our energy demands are not constant, a 100% solar and wind energy grid would be impossible or impractical without advanced storage technologies that are currently not economically viable. But where is the "cross-over" point; when does it become impractical to continue to rely on these instead of scalable resources like nuclear, hydro, natural gas, and coal? Or is my understanding not entirely correct?

submitted by /u/schnadamschnandler
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In a documentary about the Manhattan Project I recently viewed (I don't recall the name of it, I apologize), some of the scientists expressed their concern about the "atmosphere exploding" and destroying the Earth during the Trinity test. What scientific basis did they have for this speculation?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 10:06 AM PDT

Do electric cars use electrical energy from the battery more efficiently than gasoline/diesel cars use heat energy from their fuel?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 11:22 AM PDT

Simple question: In terms of total Joules of energy transmitted to the crankshaft (...or whatever electric cars connect to the drivetrain), which is the most efficient, strictly speaking?

submitted by /u/schnadamschnandler
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How long could a snorkel be (or how deep into the ocean could it go) before you could no longer suck air into it from the bottom?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 07:11 PM PDT

Imagine you had an X foot long snorkel, and you tried to breathe from it from X - 0.5 feet underwater. How deep could it go before your lungs couldn't pull adequate air in?

submitted by /u/pupton_sinclair
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How is a large body of mass trapped inside of another's gravity well as a moon? Doesn't it need to slow down in order to circularise its orbit?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 12:37 PM PDT

Forgive my crude understanding of orbital mechanics but it was my understanding that if an object is caught in a gravity well with no means to slow down then it will either impact or be flung off in another direction. A recent article about Jupiter having two new moons caught my attention and that they were captured. Is it not that the object caught up to the planet but that the planet caught up to the object and thus it never had escape velocity to begin with?

submitted by /u/OverDoseTheComatosed
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Is there a maximum​ amount of light that a black surface can absorb?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 11:50 PM PDT

Can there be enough incident photons that saturate the surface? If so, what happens to the extra photons? What would we see? Would the black object get damaged?

submitted by /u/JarJarAwakens
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How much of a barrier is the atmosphere for a spacecraft launched at orbital speeds?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 02:24 AM PDT

I'm often fascinated by alternatives to rocket launches, and how viable they would be - space elevator, launch loop, etc. However, for some of these ideas, a big obstacle is the earth atmosphere - for example, using a Linear induction motor in a vacuum tube to accelerate up to orbital speed would leave you with a rocket at low altitude, which then still has to punch through the atmosphere before arriving in space.

Now when a spacecraft re-enters the atmosphere, it uses the atmosphere as a breaking mechanism strong enough to land safely on earth, and it already uses the upper part of the atmosphere for much of the speed reduction. This would suggest bad thingsTM would happen to a spacecraft going orbital speeds at sea level.

However, spacecraft are usually aerodynamically designed specifically to use the atmosphere for breaking, rather than trying to minimize drag and punch through the atmosphere.

So thats my question - Would a spacecraft launched with orbital speeds(in the range of 6-10 km/s) designed with minimizing aerodynamic drag be capable of escaping the atmosphere intact? Would it still have a reasonable amount of speed left?(as in, would it leave the atmosphere with 90% of its original speed, or 10% of its original speed?) And would the answer to this question change meaningfully if the spacecraft was launched from a height of 10 kilometers, to avoid the most dense atmosphere?

submitted by /u/asphias
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Would the viscosity of a liquid affect how far it shoots out of a squirt gun?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:18 PM PDT

If you have a squirt gun that shoots the same every time and you shoot it at the same angle, would it go farther if it was more viscous liquid or a less viscous liquid

submitted by /u/DontRunItsOnlyHam
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What technological limitations are keeping us humans to desalinate seawater and provide every human clean water?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 07:08 PM PDT

How could I calculate the maximum size of a water balloon before it bursts?

Posted: 14 Jun 2017 04:23 AM PDT

I've got a BSc in Physics and I'm wondering what the maximum size of a water balloon or any other liquid filled spherical object would be before it breaks under it's own weight, depending on the strength of the shell material. How do I calculate the pressure on the shell and relate it to it's mass and volume?

submitted by /u/ViceArchimedes
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Why does plasma smell the way it does?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:04 PM PDT

I bought a little plasma lighter like this and I noticed it gives off a very refreshing clean smell. The best way I can explain it is that it smells like extremely fresh air.

Is there any reason for this? It is quite a characteristic smell that I have never smelled before.

submitted by /u/ekpg
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It's possible to supercool or superheat a liquid so that it instantly boils or freezes when disturbed. Is it possible to do something similar with other phase transitions, such as producing a block of ice that will instantly melt?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 09:51 AM PDT

Do you get drunk easier in higher altitudes?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 06:01 PM PDT

What direction will a photon travel in?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 10:31 PM PDT

Massless particles in a vacuum must travel, C, the speed of causality (and light). Ok. However, what gets me is the direction the photon is traveling in. In order to travel at C it must have to choose a direction. We typically think of photons and light having momentum in a certain direction (for example the sun's photons coming towards earth). However, imagine a newly created photon with no momentum (in terms of direction). What direction will it decide to travel. Let's assume an idealistic case where only the photon exists in a vacuum without small influences from external forces. Surely, if there's no momentum and the particle just exists, that seems to violate the idea that all massless particles in a vacuum travel at C. My intuition tells me that a photon will always have a preferential direction due to external influences and the initial conditions from where it was created. However, most laws hold up in idealistic cases and external influences we just count as residual errors in experiments. It seems as though the reverse is true in this case. Maybe another case is to think about a photon with momentum X and an external influence causing an equal and opposite momentum contribution to the exact decimal value causing the photon to stay in one place. What will happen?

submitted by /u/Quantum__Tarantino
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Is it possible for a planet to have multiple rings of asteroids (like Saturn's one ring) at different angles from each other?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:49 PM PDT

Can we generate and use magnetic fields to protect astronauts from radiation or channel radiation in specific directions?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 09:24 PM PDT

The earth generates a magnetic field which protects us from most solar radiation, can the same effect be used to protect astronauts or to channel radiation into a safe direction?

submitted by /u/PowerPuffSoldier
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People hate to hear about nuclear waste, so why haven't we built integral fast or SCFRs to use up the uranium-238 and plutonium-239 that we do have?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:19 PM PDT

Seems it would make sense. Say you can solve the nuclear "waste" crisis with technology proven to work in the past and people generally throw money at you.

submitted by /u/pleasantvalleymonday
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Is there a limit to how big speakers can be made today?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:47 PM PDT

A while back there was an episode of Rick and Morty where they perform to some giant alien heads using a 'top secret' US gov't amphitheater (?) with humongous speakers. Is it possible for humans to build speakers like this today? Or would impedance limit the amount of electrical current in the coils, such that they would only be able to play up to a certain frequency of sound? The speakers I'm referring to can be seen in the following music video (at the 5s mark, as in the link): https://youtu.be/n4Xp6g-_UUw?t=5s

submitted by /u/freddo631
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Does gut bacteria affect our taste?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 04:05 PM PDT

If we lack a certain type of bacteria in our gut does that in turn make it taste worse so we avoid ingesting it? Anecdotally, I'm allergic to peanuts and find they taste horrible...could that be because I lack the bacteria needed to consume peanuts?

submitted by /u/gretchenweinershair
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If Quantum Field Theory most accurately describes phenomena at very small scales, why are "particles" still defined and used at those scales?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:00 PM PDT

I understand that in QFT, very small particles are excitations in fields (e.g. Higgs boson in the Higgs field), but why are particles defined at all, at those scales?

For example, isn't the LHC actually accelerating and colliding field excitations (protons), which results in more field excitations (Higgs boson)?

Or are partilces and fields just two different ways of describing the same phenomena by different theoretical frameworks, particle physics theory and QFT? I think this the correct answer, but then I'm wondering why "particles" are used in QFT. Are they shorthand for a quantization of its field's excitation?

submitted by /u/MrSpaceman
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Questions regarding the particle and wave duality of light?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 10:03 PM PDT

I only understood light with the wave model in mind but want to expand my knowledge to encompass the entirety of the particle/wave duality. I did research and I came up with a few questions.

  1. How can a particle have a frequency, amplitude, or wavelength? Is it moving up and down just like a wave? Or is it the spacing in between the particles? If it is the spacing, then is how is amplitude recorded?

  2. What determines the intensity of light? I know we learned this in the context of waves but I want to know if it still applies with photons in mind and the details of how and if I should think of it differently.

  3. Are all photons the same? Are there different sizes/energies or just different quantities of the same size/energy?

  4. Is the wave model of light sufficient in explaining light in ALL contexts EXCEPT the photo-electric effect?

  5. Does a photon have a definite shape and/or mass?

I apologize if any of these questions are amateur. I merely want to understand. Any response is appreciated.

submitted by /u/Sorual
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Tuesday, June 13, 2017

We encounter static electricity all the time and it's not shocking (sorry) because we know what's going on, but what on earth did people think was happening before we understood electricity?

We encounter static electricity all the time and it's not shocking (sorry) because we know what's going on, but what on earth did people think was happening before we understood electricity?


We encounter static electricity all the time and it's not shocking (sorry) because we know what's going on, but what on earth did people think was happening before we understood electricity?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 05:41 PM PDT

Is there an economic mechanism that prevents a few entities from acquiring all of the housing and renting it out?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 08:50 AM PDT

It seems like it would be possible for extremely wealthy individuals and companies like Blackstone to just continually acquire housing and then leverage rent-backed securities and inelastic demand to rent that housing out indefinitely, which would create scarcity in housing that can be purchased, which would further drive up the cost of ownership and force more people to be stuck renting. Is there some economic principle that will prevent this or has prevented it before? Are we heading towards a future where nobody owns their home?

submitted by /u/codyish
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Why don't we sneeze in our sleep?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 08:47 PM PDT

Is reinforced concrete able to function as a faraday cage? And if so does it make a building save of EMPs?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 01:47 PM PDT

Does the steel inside reinforced concrete form a faraday cage if you build a building? If so, does it prevent electronics from being damaged from an EMP if it is inside such a building?

submitted by /u/Freakwave91
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In the event of a nuclear war (with humanity's current arsenal being used) How long would it take for the bioshpere to regenerate? (if it would at all)

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 07:10 AM PDT

I guess I should define regenerate. Let's say, pre-war levels of habitability for humans, and animals. Though knowing chernobyl, animals couldn't give a bother about radition.

submitted by /u/Doveen
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Far away galaxies recede from us at a speed proportional to their distance... but what are their speeds relative to the cosmic microwave background?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 04:25 AM PDT

So when it comes to cosmology we (non astronomers) are always told that expansion of the universe is like a cake leavening in an oven: pieces of chocolate get their distance to each other increased even though they don't move through the dough. Or like fish swimming in a fast flowing river, so that even if they swim slowly through the water the current carries them at a higher speed.

Please take it easy because in Engineering school we're only taught SR, not GR.

My current understanding is that the Big Bang happened everywhere. Anyone on any galaxy would see him/herself as the center of the observable universe because all galaxy clusters recede from each other.

Does this all imply that their speeds relative to the CMB are low or nearly at rest? (Ours is just 630 km/s which is almost nothing at a cosmological scale)

Cosmology always blows my mind.

submitted by /u/katinla
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What does it mean to say that waves in the electric field move perpendicular to waves in the magnetic field?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 05:50 PM PDT

The pictures in my textbook show them as two transverse waves, but that doesn't quite make sense to me. Which way is 'up' to the electric field?

submitted by /u/Ass_Dragon
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Is bonding angle between atoms in a crystal changed significantly under mechanical strain?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 11:37 AM PDT

For example, does slightly bending a metal bar significantly change the crystal structure?

submitted by /u/dredged_chicken
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Unlocking my door made my headphones stop working?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 07:25 AM PDT

The door to my flat has a magnetic locking system that uses a keycard to open, much like most modern hotels use.

Today, I arrived at my door whilst listening to music on my phone through pretty standard in-ear headphones. At the exact moment I unlocked the door (simultaneous with the green light on the lock indicating this), my music went completely silent. The volume on my phone was still up, but no sound was coming out.

Was this a well-timed coincidence or did some sort of reaction take place? The headphones worked absolutely fine after re-plugging.

submitted by /u/HyderintheHouse
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Is wearing Bluetooth headphones all day dangerous to our health?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 07:02 AM PDT

My dad will not let me use wireless bluetooth headphones because he is CONVINCED they are cancer causing. Can I have help accumulating proof that he is wrong. There are a lot of websites that look very questionable and few that are known for credibility; please help. Thank you

submitted by /u/ComputerWiz77
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Is the sun's hydrogen (both deuterium and tritium) metallic and how would fission of metallic hydrogen differ from gaseous hydrogen?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 05:20 AM PDT

How would you measure the speed of light using typical household appliances and materials?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 02:13 PM PDT

When someone calls my cell phone, how does the telecom infrastructure "find" my phone?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 12:56 AM PDT

I can be anywhere in the country and a lot of places around the world and I will still receive calls in a matter of seconds. The cell towers can't possibly scan every single phone in the world looking for mine. I have an area code but the number works just as well if I'm not in my hometown. So how do the computers and companies that run these things figure out where I am and where to send the phone call so quickly?

submitted by /u/Scarlette_Lee
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Artificial gravity is possible?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 07:58 PM PDT

Is it possible, and if so how can you create artificial gravity in space like they have in the movies, if so why haven't they?

submitted by /u/adamfez
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Time dilation while accelerating?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 02:13 AM PDT

I'm not sure if this is the right subreddit, but here goes; When an object is accelerating at a significant speed, can I compute the time dilation effect by using the average velocity of the object while it's accelerating?

(My understanding of physics is basic, please don't crucify me if I make glaring mistakes) Lets say I have an object accelerating at a rate of 2000 g's to .8c (takes around 204 minutes relative to the object), and I wanted to figure out the dilation of time while it's accelerating. My intuition (and my 2 in AP Physics) tells me that I can simply divide the final velocity by 2 (.4c), and use that in the equation in the time dilation equation 1/(Square root of (1-( v2 )/( c2 ))).

So substituting v for .4c and solving like that gives me 1/.774, which when figuring the total time dilation gives me 263 minutes total for an outside observer timing the total length of time it took to accelerate to .8c. I cannot see any flaws in my math, and yet I feel like this answer just isn't right because it seems too simple. Can anyone tell me if I'm on the right track with this?

submitted by /u/RobbieXD
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How is the risk of earthquakes determined?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 07:57 PM PDT

I was reading about various natural disasters which got me thinking about how we go about understanding which faults are under particularly sever stress or are points or areas at high risk for earthquake.

I assume the question has been asked before but a quick search didn't show what I was asking so if you have a link to a previous thread where this is discussed that would be sufficient.

submitted by /u/dovetc
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Where exactly are the nodes of a free vibrating rod?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 07:45 PM PDT

According to one source the nodes of a vibrating rod are about 22% from either end.

Why "about 22%"? Unfortunately they don't give any explanation and I could only find calculations for rods that are fixed at one or both ends. I wonder: What is the exact number for a free vibrating rod and how can it be calculated? If the middle of the rod and both ends are antinodes (i.e. points with maximum displacement), shouldn't the nodes be exactly 25% from either end of the rod? Why is this not the case? What am I missing?

I am asking because I want to build wind chimes and need to find the right spot to suspend the tubes.

submitted by /u/Sidiabdulassar
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Why is a grossly over expanded nozzle more efficient than a slight over expansion?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 07:38 AM PDT

So I came across this when I was doing some gas dynamics research, and I am trying to remember back to my high speed aerodynamics class. A grossly overexpanded nozzle moves the oblique shocks at the exit into a normal shock that slowly moves into the nozzle, while a slight overexpansion has oblique shocks outside the nozzle. Is a grossly overexpanded more efficient because once that normal shock is within the nozzle, all flow pressure increases within the nozzle itself despite it separating from the nozzle wall? With a lot of shock patterns it seems like there is a normal shock some distance from the exterior of the nozzle, followed by a shock diamond pattern of obliques and expansion waves, but I would have thought that getting as close to ideal full expansion would reduce change in entropy and provide maximum thrust.

I came across this claim that grossly over expanded was more efficient than slight over expansion (while not as efficient as ideal expansion) so I would just like some clarification on this.

submitted by /u/Funkit
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What did the invention of computing do for Mathematics?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 12:52 AM PDT

I was recently watching a numberphile video about Fermats last theorom and Ken Ribbet mentions about writing on the first Mac he got.

That prompted me to wonder what did the invention of computing do for mathematicians when they became more readily available? Did it really only help in the speed of the calculations therefore increasing the speed at which you could solve a particular problem or did it revolutionise it or simply didn't change alot?

I know now that computing can be used to compute simulations and such.

Thanks a lot for any answers. I'm not a mathematician in anyway shape or form.

submitted by /u/Jbstargate1
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You can use the inverse of addition, multiplication, and exponentiation to expand the set of numbers you work with: natural numbers -> integers -> rationals -> reals -> complex numbers. Why does this pattern suddenly stop with exponentiation?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 10:03 AM PDT

If you allow subtraction on the natural numbers, then you have gaps that are filled by the rest of the integers. If you allow division on the integers, you have gaps that are filled by the rest of the rationals. If you allow roots, you have gaps that are filled with the rest of the reals and then the complex numbers.

Yet from what I understand, there's no such gaps in the complex numbers. Why wouldn't the inverse of tetration continue this pattern?

submitted by /u/heyheyhey27
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Why does a liquid run down the side of a glass when pouring it?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 09:51 AM PDT

When I pour a liquid from a mug into another container, it runs down the side of the mug. Why does this happen?

submitted by /u/GranttH
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Why is it cold in space but temperatures differ on planets?

Posted: 13 Jun 2017 04:02 AM PDT

There is an absolute zero, but why isn't there an "absolute hot"? If nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, wouldn't "absolute hot" be the heat of a thing assuming the molecules in the thing are traveling at the speed of light?

Posted: 12 Jun 2017 11:10 PM PDT

Because heat is caused by things moving fast. Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. Therefore, the hottest a thing can get is if the molecules are traveling at the speed of light, right?

submitted by /u/Pandemic21
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