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Saturday, May 6, 2017

Can you explain the logical leap from gravity to holographic principle?

Can you explain the logical leap from gravity to holographic principle?


Can you explain the logical leap from gravity to holographic principle?

Posted: 06 May 2017 02:04 AM PDT

I am already aware of the math behind (classical) thermodynamics, special relativity and quantum mechanics. How does gravity change the picture?

submitted by /u/thetimujin
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Do Reptiles have Jet Lag?

Posted: 05 May 2017 02:27 PM PDT

Hello there,

Right now I'm sitting on my studies and a question popped up that neither me nor any of my colleagues was able to solve. The thing is this: I read about the pineal gland(releases melatonin which is important for the sleep cycle/circadian rythm etc.) which is directly activated via the absence of light in lower vertebrates, while higher vertebrates possess the suprachiasmatic nucleus, that is concerned with innervating the pineal gland. Is this only because of the different organization of e.g. humans/reptiles, or is there a functional difference and if so, does this affect jet leg? I found an article (http://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/pets-suffer-jet-lag.htm) where it is stated that dogs and cats suffer less jet lag than monkeys for example, but this does not quite answer my question. Why I specially ask about reptiles is that some of them possess the so called 'third eye' and the fact that they are somewhat dependend on the sun.

I hope I was able clearly state my question. If not feel free to ask, I'll do my best to clarify what I mean.

submitted by /u/5ong6
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Does the human body have 3 of anything?

Posted: 05 May 2017 02:15 PM PDT

Edit: A few of you have picked up on this.. yes I'm asking because we are mirrored left to right and have 2 of some organs.

submitted by /u/OllieSDdog
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How do we know it's 'quantum' uncertainty, and not uncertainty in measurements or interference from unknown factors?

Posted: 05 May 2017 12:09 PM PDT

Firstly, I don't mean to suggest that I don't believe the quantum interpretation. When I read articles about quantum mechanics, there is always a bit that says that a particle's position and velocity can't be measured to a certainty; there is always a random chance of finding either within a range, with probabilities determined by the wave function (as far as I can tell). For the sake of example, say we shot a particle at a given velocity, and then measure its position after a given period of time. If we determine the particle's velocity to be somewhere between 10 and 20 m/s, why interpret that as an indication of the particle's probabilistic nature, instead of assuming it's the effects of precision of the particle gun, the precision of the detector, the particle colliding with other particles on its way, etc?

submitted by /u/azamarahe
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How exactly does ATP allow a cell to do "work"?

Posted: 05 May 2017 11:00 AM PDT

How do electric vehicle batteries impact the environment? What are the elements used in creating them and how are they handled at the end of life cycle?

Posted: 05 May 2017 07:40 AM PDT

How is the area under sinc function (sine cardinal) and sinc square function finite but the area under absolute sinc function infinite when absolute sinc (x) is just the square-root of sinc square function?

Posted: 05 May 2017 11:57 PM PDT

∫ sinc (x) , (-∞,∞) = π

∫ (sinc x)2 , (-∞,∞) = π

∫ |sinc x| , (-∞,∞) = ∫ √(sinc x)2 , (-∞,∞) = ∞

I have seen mathematical proofs for it, but I don't understand how taking square-root of a function would make its area infinite from 3.14 units.

submitted by /u/lickmyspaghetti
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Why is particle production ~constant as a function of rapidity?

Posted: 05 May 2017 10:40 AM PDT

Hi all,

I'm currently brushing up on some HEP basics for an oral exam. One thing that I haven't been able to understand completely is why particles production is approximately constant as a function of rapidity in hadron collisions.

I've tracked down an old note of Feynman's which people usually point to about this: http://authors.library.caltech.edu/3871/1/FEYprl69.pdf ... I think that I understand what he's getting at when he discusses the Fourier transformation of the contracted field, but I don't see how to move from the ~constant particle Pz distribution to a multiplicity distribution that is ~constant as a function of y.

I know instinctively that this is true -- the ATLAS calorimeters are designed in a way that takes this into account, for instance. I'm just missing some conceptual link, and it'd be really awesome if someone could help me get all the way.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/WIZRND
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If the earth was a cube instead of a sphere, what would gravity be like at the edges?

Posted: 05 May 2017 08:47 AM PDT

What is the differences between a species group and a species complex in bacteria?

Posted: 05 May 2017 01:48 PM PDT

Examples of this are Enterobacter Cloacae complex and Streptococcus mitis group. What is the distinguishing difference between when you call a group of related species a complex or group?

submitted by /u/Jewronimoses
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Did the Earth have ice caps in the Mesozoic Era?

Posted: 05 May 2017 07:32 AM PDT

Portrayals of dinosaurs always seem to be in tropical/subtropical jungle. Was the entire earth like that or were there still areas with different climates?

submitted by /u/ErnstStavroBlowTree
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What is the difference between a magnetic monopole and charged elementary particle?

Posted: 05 May 2017 09:10 AM PDT

If an electron has no internal structure but it has an electric charge, what makes it not be a magnetic monopole?

submitted by /u/El_Skippito
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Why is there a huge difference in the nominal gdp of India and PPP gdp of India ?

Posted: 05 May 2017 04:28 AM PDT

Why do soils become less acid away from granite tors?

Posted: 05 May 2017 03:48 AM PDT

Hello. I'm writing an NVC habitat report and I've noticed that my Ellenberg factors indicate quite clearly a less acid pH as I progress from the upland tor to the lowlands. This is obviously due to the presence of shade loving, ubiquitous generalists in my species record as opposed to characteristic calcifugous moorland, but I'm not sure about the process itself. What is the factor or factors that cause a slightly less acid pH away from the granite tors? Is it simply a change in geology or is it the cause of the plants themselves? I was under the impression that plants accumulate hydrogen ions which make soils slightly more acid though.

submitted by /u/TaylorH93
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How is the FWHM of the quasi-elastic peak related to the diffusion of an atom in a solid in a quasi-elastic neutron experiment?

Posted: 05 May 2017 09:30 AM PDT

Friday, May 5, 2017

Why do the electric field lines at the end of two parallel plates curve?

Why do the electric field lines at the end of two parallel plates curve?


Why do the electric field lines at the end of two parallel plates curve?

Posted: 05 May 2017 02:44 AM PDT

I believe it is called the end-effect? However I would like to know why this happens.

Here is a picture of what I mean: Diagram

submitted by /u/Viper_201
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Why is pre-fission uranium relatively harmless to humans but spent nuclear fuel must be locked away for hundreds of years?

Posted: 05 May 2017 01:17 AM PDT

What impact does a tsunami have on ships at sea?

Posted: 05 May 2017 06:20 AM PDT

Hello r/askscience.
How much would a big ocean-going vessel (say, a US navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier) notice a tsunami in the middle of an open ocean, thousands of miles from shore?
Would it be a destructive wall of water moving rapidly towards the ship, or would merely be a (un)noticable rise of the water level which a ship could pass over?
Assume the tsunami in question is the result of an earthquake with a rating of 9.0+ on the richter scale similar to the 1700 Cascadia or 2004 Indonesia earthquakes, both of which generated massive, ocean-crossing waves.

submitted by /u/Skogsmard
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If your cells are always dying and being replaced, how come things like freckles and birth marks don't go away?

Posted: 04 May 2017 03:00 PM PDT

Why don't cars just have AC outlets rather than "car outlets"?

Posted: 04 May 2017 06:10 PM PDT

If i put water in a microwave it heats up. If I put plastic in a microwave it doesn't heat up. But I assume power draw is the same. Where does that energy go?

Posted: 04 May 2017 05:00 PM PDT

What is the earliest a habitable planet could have formed?

Posted: 04 May 2017 05:56 PM PDT

The estimated age of the universe is 13.82 billion years, and the estimated age of the earth is 4.54 billion years. The first multicellular life according to wikipedia is 4.25 billion years ago. This could mean that the earth became 'habitable' after 290 million years, when the universe was 9.57 billion years old.

If the universe was fairly homogeneous after its creation, I would assume that for a while it remained above the temperature life could have started. In addition, being before the time when planets could have formed and organized into stable orbits and conditions. Then when was the time after the creation of the universe that a planet would have been able to form and sustain life?

submitted by /u/MonkeyLink07
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To what extent can ℝ^n be generalized for n∉ℕ?

Posted: 04 May 2017 05:24 PM PDT

I know that ℝ0 is a point, ℝ1 is the number line, ℝ2 is the Cartesian plane, etc. I also know that we can generalize n-dimensional space to all positive real n to include fractals (for instance, the dimension of the Sierpinski triangle is log(3)/log(2)≈1.585).

Is there any meaningful way to extend n-dimensional space to negative n? Complex n? Matrix N? I haven't heard of this being done, but I also know that once mathematicians define something, they like to generalize it far past what makes sense in terms of the original definition—back when numbers were just for counting, the concept of negative numbers seemed completely nonsensical.

submitted by /u/MaidofMemes
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How was the quadratic formula first discovered and for what use?

Posted: 04 May 2017 04:21 PM PDT

What happens to mass in particle smashing?

Posted: 05 May 2017 12:53 AM PDT

I've been wondering this for a while. What happens when particles are smashed together in, say, the Large Hadron Collider? Doesn't this violate the Law of Conservation of Mass where mass cannot be destroyed? Or is there another process going on where they meld together?

submitted by /u/KevnBlack
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Do humans emit X-rays from blackbody radiation?

Posted: 04 May 2017 02:39 PM PDT

Infrared is the most well-known light emitted by humans, but what about the other frequencies of light? It seems by Wien's Law that there should be some–albeit a tiny amount–of every frequency emitted, but is this actually the case?

submitted by /u/rizzarsh
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If you can convert kinetic energy into heat energy, how could the universe experience a heat death if supermassive objects like black holes or dwarf stars would constantly be attracting other bodies via gravity?

Posted: 04 May 2017 04:31 PM PDT

I don't know if that makes sense, but if a star were to eventually burn out and turn into a white dwarf or neutron star or something of that sort, its gravity would be around the same right? Wouldn't objects in their vicinity be affected by the gravity and therefore have kinetic energy constantly?

submitted by /u/Skabonious
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Why don't we feed our livestock with livestock?

Posted: 05 May 2017 06:50 AM PDT

It would save a lot of resources if we fed our livestock with the same kind of animal, and given that they are the same animal, this means of feed would account for practically all of the livestock's nutrition needs, wouldn't it?

Why aren't we doing this?

I know that cattle, for instance, are herbivorous and obviously wouldn't eat another dead cow lightly, but couldn't they be fed livestock in a different form, like pellets, for instance?

submitted by /u/Kukulqan
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What are all those reddish/bluish/blackish dots we see when we close our eyes?

Posted: 04 May 2017 10:38 AM PDT

Is there any kind of measurable difference in an object when its potential energy is increased?

Posted: 04 May 2017 07:18 PM PDT

For example, a ball at the bottom of ramp vs. at the top. It now has potential energy that it did not have before. Does this slightly increase the object's mass or is the only measure of potential energy the difference in height? If it is the latter, does this mean people at the exact same altitude anywhere on the planet have the same potential energy as each other?

submitted by /u/AyYoDeano
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What are the implications of the Quantum Delayed Choice Experiment?

Posted: 04 May 2017 05:49 PM PDT

Conceptually, how does the speed of light relate to the permeability/permittivity of free space?

Posted: 04 May 2017 06:27 PM PDT

I know the equation that relates the three constants: c=(ε0*µ0)-(1/2) However, I never understood why this worked or if there was a conceptual reasoning behind it, so any explanation would be greatly appreciated.

submitted by /u/Pekenten
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Is it possible to know how much of the total universe is occupied by the observable universe?

Posted: 04 May 2017 02:23 PM PDT

I feel like this is a pretty dumb question because it seems unanswerable by definition, but I've been surprised many times by science in the past. Is even a horrifically uncertain yet still better than random estimate possible?

submitted by /u/Kcwidman
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When the Sun's red giant phase ends it'll lose roughly 50% of its mass to space, does this excess surface hydrogen have enough mass to create a red dwarf?

Posted: 04 May 2017 03:14 PM PDT

What is actually happening when materials experience friction?

Posted: 04 May 2017 05:51 PM PDT

We say that when two materials rub against each other, they experience friction. Are they actually touching? How does them rubbing together cause heat?

submitted by /u/Crocodilly_Pontifex
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Is it possible for a star to form exclusively from a cloud of Helium?

Posted: 04 May 2017 01:26 PM PDT

I know that most stars form from a cloud of gas from the remnants from a super nova, which most of it is hydrogen, but could a star come together with helium? If that is the case then it would start with an He core and star fusing that straight into C?

submitted by /u/lee640m
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How do fish (and other ocean-loving creatures) see underwater?

Posted: 04 May 2017 04:07 PM PDT

What are the "mechanics" of how their eyes work being underwater their whole lives? And how far can they see? Is it likes us wearing goggles? How's does depth perception work for them in those conditions?

submitted by /u/IamThatduck420
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Thursday, May 4, 2017

How do third party headphones with volume control and play/pause buttons send a signal to my phone through a headphone jack?

How do third party headphones with volume control and play/pause buttons send a signal to my phone through a headphone jack?


How do third party headphones with volume control and play/pause buttons send a signal to my phone through a headphone jack?

Posted: 04 May 2017 03:11 AM PDT

I assume there's an industry standard, and if so who is the governing body to make that decision?

submitted by /u/crossfirehurricane
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Any topology experts care to explain why this doesn't produce a knot?

Posted: 03 May 2017 06:17 PM PDT

Why do fluorescent tubes contain mercury vapour?

Posted: 04 May 2017 02:50 AM PDT

I understand the the mercury electrons become excited, move up and energy level and then release a UV photon which then passes on energy to the electrons of a phosphorus coating, but why can't the electrons from the voltage supply pass on their charge directly to the electrons of a phosphorus atom inside the tube which would then emit the visible light photons, removing the need for the mercury vapour?

submitted by /u/tepson7
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What are the practical applications of calculus?

Posted: 04 May 2017 01:50 AM PDT

Both in the modern day and at the time it was first discovered?

submitted by /u/MeatyOs
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If a person is right-handed, does such dominance include all voluntary muscles? For example, are the muscles in the larynx also somewhat right-dominant?

Posted: 03 May 2017 02:10 PM PDT

What causes the chaotic rotation of celestial bodies such as Pluto's moon Nix or Saturn's moon Hyperion?

Posted: 03 May 2017 04:54 PM PDT

Here is a simulation of the rotation of Pluto's moon Nix. According to wikipedia, it's rotation can only be predicted 30 days into the future before it becomes too chaotic. What causes this chaotic rotation?

submitted by /u/Fart17
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Is "touching" caused by electromagnetic forces or the Pauli exclusion principle?

Posted: 04 May 2017 12:54 AM PDT

Does string theory make predictions that can be measured in experiments?

Posted: 03 May 2017 11:40 PM PDT

I heard several talks about string theory, but usually they are very technical and no one was able to give me some examples of predictions made by string theory that can be investigated in experiments, for example, at the LHC.

submitted by /u/-lq_pl-
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Is it possible for the neurological effects of autism to wear off as a person gets older? If so, how?

Posted: 03 May 2017 11:45 AM PDT

Why are our organs in the places that they are? From an evolutionary perspective what benefit is there having our heart in between the lungs rather than elsewhere?

Posted: 03 May 2017 12:37 PM PDT

If every force is countered by a normal force in the opposite direction, how does anything actually move?

Posted: 04 May 2017 05:49 AM PDT

How did people calculate the Gravitational constant G?

Posted: 04 May 2017 05:03 AM PDT

What would happen if you ate a piece of meat with cancer cells in it?

Posted: 04 May 2017 04:51 AM PDT

Do objects less than 5730 years old have accurate dating measurements?

Posted: 03 May 2017 07:33 PM PDT

Okay so this may be a dumb question, but need an answer quick and didn't have the time to do enough research myself to answer it. So I'm having some debates with my parents (hardcore Creationists, I'm undecided at this point lol) one of my arguments for the errors in the creation story is the fact that dating techniques are pretty accurate and are no where near the claims of 7000 years like they like to say. I came across this one question though; if dating techniques are only accurate for greater than the half life of the element used, and carbon-14 has the smallest half life of 5730 years, is it hypothetically possible that all materials ever tested are less that 5730 years old (sort of close to a creationists timeline), and therefore all measurements can be listed as inaccurate? I may be completely out to lunch here and I apologize if I am. I'm not looking for other reasons as to why old-earth is a lot more plausible (there are enough that I am aware of already). Thanks for your time.

submitted by /u/Silvanus11
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Is it possible for nuclear fuel to accidentally reach criticality?

Posted: 03 May 2017 05:21 PM PDT

I'm gathering information for a story I'm writing and I want all aspects of the story to be as plausible as possible.

So as the question states, whether in travel or handling accidents, if fuel rods were majorly damaged in any way and the pellets somehow spilled into a massive pile could it possibly go critical?

Or is there a reactor fuel source other than PWR fuel rods that would be contained in a way that makes them more likely to go critical?

Thank you for any assistance you can lend in the matter.

submitted by /u/s_cudi
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What is it about the chemical properties of metals such as Gold, Silver, and Titanium that make them hypoallergenic?

Posted: 03 May 2017 12:53 PM PDT

My understanding is that most of a metal "allergies" are caused by irritation due to the metal's oxide. Even though these metals are considered to be relatively unreactive, they can still be oxidized. If this is the case, why are they less likely to cause problems?

submitted by /u/livelytostito
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When a full tooth is knocked out, then later reinserted, how does it re-bond with the gums?

Posted: 03 May 2017 02:13 PM PDT

Basketball player Isaiah Thomas had his tooth knocked out then had a dentist procedure the next day to reinsert it. Do dentists just stick it back in and the gums clamp back down on it? Or do they use a biodegradable glue, or a mechanical fixture?

submitted by /u/SkinnyHusky
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Four years after the confirmation of the Higgs Boson, what has been the impact on theoretical physics? Are there any new theories developed from it, or theories abandoned?

Posted: 03 May 2017 01:05 PM PDT

I think I read that Supersymmetry took a big hit because of the 125 GeV, but I really don't know much more beyond that.

submitted by /u/cahman
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Will the derivative of the proca action with respect to time and velocity result in the momentum that of a photon?

Posted: 04 May 2017 01:35 AM PDT

How do fusion reactors work?

Posted: 03 May 2017 04:31 PM PDT

How can you get more energy out of the reaction than you put in to get it too the required temperature and pressure?

submitted by /u/10111001110
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What is entanglement entropy?

Posted: 03 May 2017 01:29 PM PDT

Can someone give a simple explanation what the idea behind entanglement entropy is?

submitted by /u/KuusamoWolf
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