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Monday, August 22, 2016

Why is it that certain creatures can consume rotting material (plants, animals) and thrive off it, but if I eat some meat or other substance that's a little bit spoiled I get sick?

Why is it that certain creatures can consume rotting material (plants, animals) and thrive off it, but if I eat some meat or other substance that's a little bit spoiled I get sick?


Why is it that certain creatures can consume rotting material (plants, animals) and thrive off it, but if I eat some meat or other substance that's a little bit spoiled I get sick?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 08:10 PM PDT

Seeing as our stomach acid can deal with quite a bit, even having the ability to contribute to personal harm if the stomach isn't adequately protected, a simple organism can like bacteria can survive it and even cause harm to the host. Why is that?

submitted by /u/phoenixfighter00
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Did cannonballs spin and exhibit the Magnus effect?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 02:15 PM PDT

Gamma ray distance?

Posted: 22 Aug 2016 07:53 AM PDT

How come gamma radiation has an infinate distance but low ionisation out of the three radiation types, - alpha beta and gamma. But according to the electromagnetic spectrum gamma rays travel very little distance but high energy? This is just a question that has confused me at school in physics. Thanks

submitted by /u/Shaunm24
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Why is antenna length related to signal wavelength?

Posted: 22 Aug 2016 12:50 AM PDT

I was looking at this picture of an antenna serving as a receiver and I don't understand the decision of antenna length.

If antenna length was related to amplitude - great, makes perfect sense, make the antenna as big as the signal can get. What doesn't make sense is how it's related to wavelength, since the wave runs perpendicular.

How are those two related and why is amplitude of wave not being used?

submitted by /u/Elguybrush
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Does the earths magnetic strength increase the closer you get to the earths core?

Posted: 22 Aug 2016 02:50 AM PDT

Simply put does the earths magnetic power increase as you get closer to it like a traditional magnet.

Does having an iron coin in your pocket get more attracted to the ground the further you dig towards the earths core?

submitted by /u/massop
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If I let a rock drop to the ground, will it land straight down or slightly to the East due to Earth's rotation?

Posted: 22 Aug 2016 02:22 AM PDT

How are we able to determine the energy of an EM wave?

Posted: 22 Aug 2016 07:42 AM PDT

By the energy, I more or less mean at a point in time rather than over a period of time (like how bytes are read into sound in an audio editing program).

And is there a way to determine the peaks? For example, a plate above a pool of water with waves in it would only be wet where the max height of the water wave reached.

I'm not sure if any of that makes any sense, but I'll try and clarify anything else if you have questions.

submitted by /u/steveman1123
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What gives rose quartz its color?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 12:22 PM PDT

This is a question that has been bothering me for some time and I can't find an answer.

submitted by /u/Bakugans03
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If a person on the ISS stood on the outside and jumped off the surface away from the earth, would they keep floating off into space or would they be brought back to earth eventually by its gravitational field?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 10:00 PM PDT

I was curious because the moon, as far away as it is, is held in by the earth's gravity but because we are so much smaller I wasn't sure if it would be enough to pull us back. But I also thought that since the moon is so much further away than the ISS I wasn't sure if the sheer distance the body would have to travel would be enough for the minimal gravity to stop the body.

submitted by /u/dgatz12
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Why does rapidly inverting colors make an image seem like it's moving?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 07:59 PM PDT

Title. I sometimes see on Facebook gifs of an image being inverted over and over again, and it gives the illusion that the image is moving. Why is this? In [this link] I believe the bottom right is actually moving, but the rest isn't, so why does it appear to wobble? Thanks!(http://66.media.tumblr.com/f1c852d731672e0c8c4c1194b547a0eb/tumblr_o0dzqkH78k1tuaz2oo1_500.gif)

submitted by /u/grumplylump
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How does GABA(a) presynaptic depolarization lead to inhibition of transmitter release?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 01:15 PM PDT

I read in a review that depolarization from GABA(a) receptors was used to inhibit neurotransmitter release by disrupting action potentials. This seemed a bit counterintuitive to me, because depolarization is a major driving force behind action potential.

This is exactly what the paper said:

". . . depolarisation could affect transmitter release via an action on other ion channels at or very close to the release site: inactivation of Na + and/or Ca 2+ channels could reduce the amplitude of the action potential and decreased Ca 2+ influx would be expected to reduce the probability of exocytosis of neurotransmitter. Depolarisation could, moreover, decrease the driving force for Ca 2+ influx immediately after the action potential, further contributing to the reduction in exocytosis."

Not sure if that helps, but the paper is called paper called "Presynaptic, extrasynaptic and axonal GABA A receptors in the CNS: where and why?" by Kullmann et al. 2004.

Thanks in advance. :)

submitted by /u/whydontyoufeedme
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When cell division occurs and a sister cell is formed, are new atoms/molecules formed in the process? If yes, then how? If not, then why? How is the total mass of the cell division system (parent cell and sister cell) affected?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 09:01 PM PDT

Are there any materials where the freezing point and melting point are different?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 09:52 AM PDT

Like the phase change is dependent on the current phase? (Same question for boiling and sublimation.)

submitted by /u/Dadentum
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Does number of resistors in equivalent parallel resistor circuits affect heat production?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 06:58 PM PDT

I'm building a resistor bank for a switch in my car that needs to be between 15-17 ohms. I have access to 50 and 100 ohm resistors (10W) and I've come up with three potential setups to achieve 16.67 ohm total resistance:

(These are in parallel, by the way)

1) 100-100-100-100-100-100 2) 100-50-100-50 3) 50-50-50

Will any option produce less heat than the others? Or is there no difference?

submitted by /u/Augfry
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Do insects, particularly cockroaches, use acid in their digestive system?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 09:52 AM PDT

From what I can gather, they seem to use gizzard to grind food, and break them down with enzymes in their midgut. Is there no acid involved like larger animals do?

submitted by /u/niwcsc
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How does "dark current" in a photodiode conserve energy?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 05:39 PM PDT

Photodiodes produce a tiny current when no light enters them. Where does this energy come from and why does it not eventually deplete?

submitted by /u/USI9080
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Do other animal species have an eye colour diversity similar to humans'?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 01:08 PM PDT

And if not, what made humans develop such genes?

submitted by /u/TheSoundDude
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Does anyone use factorials in their field?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 02:27 PM PDT

Recently was the vicim of /u/expectedfactorialbot and my mind wandered for a bit, then I finally wondered if they have any application to anything.

Flair is math but the question is open to any field of science.

submitted by /u/monolithic__
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Are dogs' taste buds the same as humans? If I give my dog a piece of chicken, are we tasting it the same way?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 02:01 PM PDT

Sunday, August 21, 2016

What is the most common colour in the universe?

What is the most common colour in the universe?


What is the most common colour in the universe?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 11:37 PM PDT

To Clarify; Mean, Median and Mode.

submitted by /u/-Init-
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What exactly is happening when a computer gets old and goes slow?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 10:18 PM PDT

Do the components slowly deteriorate and hinder the flow of electricity?

submitted by /u/cannonman360
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All graphs show that year over year the average temperature is rising, but 1940-1950 seemed to be statistically higher than the previous and next decades. Could WW2 have caused a higher temperature global or is that a coincidence?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 06:09 AM PDT

Do mirrors have a resolution?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 09:33 PM PDT

Whats the quality of a mirror I guess I mean, and if the answer is different depending on the mirror, then what would a car mirror's reflection quality be?

submitted by /u/TheHopesedge
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Why does swinging two balls from a newton's cradle cause two balls to bounce out the other side instead of one ball with twice the force?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 03:11 PM PDT

Here's a video to show some of the "tricks" I'm wondering about. https://youtu.be/JadO3RuOJGU

Why does this occur? Wouldn't one ball simply bounce out the other side with twice the force?

submitted by /u/will_owens18
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Does any species other than humans suffer from bad posture?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 09:08 PM PDT

What about young humans and animals makes them averse to the risk of climbing down stairs?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 09:42 PM PDT

Take a look at this gif for example - http://i.imgur.com/pNnbWVb.gifv

This behavior can be seen in puppies as well as very young children. Quite possibly other animals too. Do they have a very different perception of depth? Or is it just a fear of the unknown that makes their survival instinct stop them?

submitted by /u/th3_pund1t
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How likely is it that the Yellowstone Volcano erupts?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 12:30 PM PDT

Considering it has been overdue for almost one-hundred thousand years. Considering that it has the potential to kick us back into the stone ages.

Edit for clarification: Within 10 years, within 100 years, and within 1000 years.

submitted by /u/Katie_Deely
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Why does my tea change color when I add lemon juice to it?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 02:46 PM PDT

I drink a lot of black tea and sometimes I like to add some lemon juice to my cup of tea. When I do so, the tea changes from a deep-brown almost black color to a clear orange color? How and why does it happen?

submitted by /u/Saulonely
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What is the mass of rotation of Earth?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 05:48 AM PDT

Since rotation is form of kinetic energy, it must have a mass according to equation E=mc², right?

submitted by /u/luna206
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How did Copernicus arrive at the conclusion that not the Earth but the Sun was the center of our solar system?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 01:09 PM PDT

Considering he made this discovery over 500 years ago, even before telescopes had been invented, how did he know that? What were the reasons for him to start to doubt the then almighty image of geocentrism propagated by the Church and most of his fellow scientists of that time? To me it sounds like a terrific discovery for a man living in medieval times!

submitted by /u/cpt-cook
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Why does light from a point source become more coherent with distance?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 12:04 AM PDT

As I understand, the light from distant stars are dim when they get here, but are more or less a narrow laser the color of that star's superposition of radiation.

submitted by /u/pimpmastahanhduece
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What proportion of the earth's surface temperature is a product of interior processes vs. radiation from the sun?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 01:49 PM PDT

This may be dumb, but how does ZzQuil work?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 09:14 PM PDT

I've never really understood. but also haven't looked into it, figured I would start here!

submitted by /u/amazingbjuju
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Do "non-water rainbows" exist and (if yes) what do they look like?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 12:37 PM PDT

I've been thinking about rainbows from other liquids than water (e.g. gasoline) and wether they'd look like regular ones

submitted by /u/LelviBri
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How are relative causal effects of variables (in percents) calculated for a given shock?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 10:06 PM PDT

My question is mainly economics-based, but derived from statistics (mathematics). So, I skim through economic studies (usually at the abstract to find the broad trend in it). In one recent study that talked about the relative decline in future economic growth for the U.S. due to the aging productivity (http://www.nber.org/papers/w22452), it said "Two-thirds of the reduction is due to slower growth in the labor productivity of workers across the age distribution, while one-third arises from slower labor force growth."

So, my question is how do you calculate those "two-thirds" and "one-thirds" in statistics that represent the percentage portion a variable change is for a given shock which in this case is the future decline in economic growth?

To give another example, in the movie adaptation of Freakonomics, it made the famous claim in it that the legalization of abortion was responsible for much of the 1990s crime drop. Specifically, it said about 45% of the crime drop can be attributed to it.

So, overall, how do you calculate those percentage casual figures for a variable within statistics as I seek to learn this skill for the future?

submitted by /u/zuo_guigui
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Does an electron wavefunction's +1/2 or -1/2 spin "create" a dipolar Magnetic Field? How?

Posted: 21 Aug 2016 01:41 AM PDT

How do we see familiar star systems at night all year round? My son and I can't seem to figure it out

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 02:55 PM PDT

My son asked me this question and I couldn't give him an answer that works. The earth orbits the sun roughly every 365 days but how do we see the same stars at night? Are they possibly following us at the same speed? I know the answer is probably quite simple. Does anybody care to help? A diagram may be easier to understand. Thanks.

Edit:

Diagram: https://gyazo.com/4eb925d32d8653859083ca72896cf79d Which ones correct ? Or Both wrong? Please explain. Thanks

submitted by /u/TheYumShot
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Why are SSDs so much more expensive than regular flash drives like USB?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 01:38 PM PDT

They are both flash memory, the only difference is how they are connected to a computer, and also the controller. Does that controller really cost 100$ more?

submitted by /u/Anthonian
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[Chemistry]What Causes Triboluminescence?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 08:40 PM PDT

I know that Triboluminescence is caused when a substance is broken, scratched, etc. but, what is the science behind it?

submitted by /u/-Stashu-
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Fourier convergence being faster?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 01:35 PM PDT

Can someone help me understand how numerical iteration methods for scientific solutions can converge faster in fourier space than typical euclidean space. For instance, ewald summation in molecular dynamics converges long range interactions faster by considering them in fourier space. Any help would be appreciated.

submitted by /u/AisleEight
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Saturday, August 20, 2016

When I hold two fingers together and look through the narrow slit between fingers I am able to see multiple dark bands in the space of the slit. I read once long ago that this demonstrates the wavelength of light. Is there any truth to this? If not, what causes those dark bands?

When I hold two fingers together and look through the narrow slit between fingers I am able to see multiple dark bands in the space of the slit. I read once long ago that this demonstrates the wavelength of light. Is there any truth to this? If not, what causes those dark bands?


When I hold two fingers together and look through the narrow slit between fingers I am able to see multiple dark bands in the space of the slit. I read once long ago that this demonstrates the wavelength of light. Is there any truth to this? If not, what causes those dark bands?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 04:26 AM PDT

Can cold welding, like when two pieces of metal touch in space, be achieved on earth in a vacuum chamber?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:09 PM PDT

Ive been reading about how cold welding can happen in the vacuum of space, but could it be achieved with a vacuum chamber on earth?

submitted by /u/Super_Rosie
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An average tennis ball floats in the centre of a hollow sphere made of extremely dense material, floating in space. Is the tennis ball "squeezed" by the sphere's "gravity well" toward the centre, or pulled outward by the gravity of the walls all around?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 04:26 AM PDT

In other words, if you have a hollow sphere made of, say, neutron star material, does the entire sphere make a single impression in spacetime - ie, gravity is highest at the centre of the sphere?

Or, does spacetime mirror where the mass is, meaning gravity is highest the closer you are to the walls, and lowest in the middle of the sphere?

submitted by /u/waveform
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Would it be easier to build a space elevator on the moon than on earth?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 03:33 AM PDT

It seems like this could be a way around some of the constraints involved in building an elevator such as finding new materials with the required strength. While you wouldn't be able to use it to ship resources off Earth it would be a great way to get water or raw materials for construction into space. And yet I never hear it talked about. Perhaps the slow rotation of the moon makes it more difficult...

Thanks for any replies

submitted by /u/tous_les_sens
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If a spacecraft somehow accelerates from a space station to 0.995c (relative to the space station), and the spacecraft shoots an electron beam (not light) going 0.990c at the space station, then would this electron beam ever reach the space station?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 05:58 AM PDT

Does an 8-hour sleep from 3-11 AM different from an 8-hour sleep from 10 - 6 AM?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 06:14 AM PDT

My dad keeps on telling me "Your immune system is weak because you always sleep late." However, I get full sleep but on a different schedule than them. I sleep for more or less 8 hours but from around 3 am onward. Does it make a difference than sleeping early?

submitted by /u/SEND_ME_RUBIKS_CUBES
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How does timedependence of thixotropy work?

Posted: 20 Aug 2016 01:20 AM PDT

I have a question about thixotropy. As far as my understanding goes. You apply a shear, and after a certain amount of time, you can observe this effect. The thing which i find confusing is, that it is classified as a nonlinear viscoelastic effect and what this implies. Nonlinear viscoelastic effect occur after a certain amount of deflection of some sort. So how does this work in detail. Do i have to apply a certain ammount of shear, and then the time is "ticking" when i apply further shear? I hope i made myself understandable, if not i will try to ask in a different way.

submitted by /u/Darkprincip
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How does STD Transmission work?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 11:39 AM PDT

In recent months, I've become curious about how STD's such as HIV, gonorrhea, herpes, etc are transmitted between partners. Withholding transmission mediums such as IV needles and the like, how does STD transmission occur during sex? More specifically, why are some STD's (such as HIV) more likely to be transmitted via (unprotected) penetrative sex than oral sex? My original intuition is that the infected bacteria only need to find an entry point into the body and at that point the person will become infected. Seemingly, this would make oral sex just as dangerous as penetrative sex. Obviously I am here to learn from individuals much smarter than myself so I look forward to your input. Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/prettyassdolfin
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What would happen to honey in high gravity?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:05 AM PDT

I was wondering how would a liquid with higher viscosity react to a planet with higher gravity (like honey). Would it drizzle slowly? Or would it flow like water flows on Earth?

submitted by /u/zubwaabwaa
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How many gamma rays is the average person exposed to on Earth?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 01:34 PM PDT

Is the multipole moment caused by quarks making up for example a neutron (which as a whole is neutral) a measurable effect? Could we use it to accelerate neutrons in an electric field?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 11:48 AM PDT

What is planck time ? Is there a slower ammount of time we can measure/calculate ?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:12 PM PDT

If planes are pressurized why do we have our ears popping?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 08:45 AM PDT

I mean, there is supposed to be a constant pressure in the plane and the pressure is supposed to be independant of the outside pressure, so why do we have our ears popping when the plane is gaining altitude?

submitted by /u/J_mmy
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Why do you only hear the low frequencies when you're far away from a music performance?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:52 AM PDT

I live about 2 km away from the city center, and if they're playing music I can always hear the lower tones quite well, while the higher notes apparently do no make the distance. Why is that?

submitted by /u/Redbiertje
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Why is electromagnetic wave not a longitudinal wave?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:44 AM PDT

Electromagnetic wave is not a longitunal wave. Why? Explain briefly

submitted by /u/AloSwu
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Can you be "Star-burnt" at night? If so, how long would it take?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 10:33 AM PDT

The way I take it, the first question boils down to a few mechanisms: The first of which comes from photons emitted from the sun, absorbed and re-emitted by the moon. The second comes from photons emitted from distant stars other than our own sun.

From my understanding, "sunburn" occurs when photons with energies in the band labelled UltraViolet interact with our skin.

So, yeah, how does the re-emisson by the moon effect the energy of the photons?

And what type of intensity of UltraViolet light do we normally see at the Earth's surface from distant stars?

Thanks all :)

edit: absorbed instead of reabsorbed

submitted by /u/davetheuj
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What exactly would cause the air to be "sucked away" during an artillery shelling ?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 10:33 AM PDT

From the NY Times' "Fractured lands: how the arab world came apart" :

[...] it meant shells passed directly over the Ibrahims' apartment building at all hours.

"When they went overhead," Majd said, "it was like the air was sucked away. I don't know how else to describe it, but you felt it in your lungs. It was hard to breathe for maybe a half-­minute afterward, like all the oxygen was gone."

submitted by /u/BleedingPolarBear
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Why might some people be better able to see the colours of the auroras than others?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:48 AM PDT

I am aware that at lower latitudes than 50 degrees, it can be hard to see the auroras, and if you do see them I am told you may see them in black and white, because their light is too dim to be picked up by your eyes' cones (which perceive colour vividly) and instead your rods are doing most of the work. A camera does not have such constraints in its ability to "see", so it doesn't have this problem and can reveal the colours that you're failing to see.

However, someone I know was lucky enough to go with his family to see the northern lights - he was unable to see the colours of the aurora, except in photos he was taking. My first thought was the explanation I provide above, but the other members of his family present were able to see the colours with a naked eye. He is not colour blind (as far as he knows, he has never had any issue distinguishing colours). What could be affecting his ability to see something that others could see so clearly?

edit: I have categorised this as a human body question, because I feel like the answer is most probably down to a mechanical difference in biology, but appreciate the topic includes broader issues where other experts might have incidental knowledge, including physics and potentially astronomy!

submitted by /u/Litrebike
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Is it possible for bees to remember precisely where certain flowers are, and then return to them almost daily?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 10:40 AM PDT

I am asking because I have been noticing some interesting activity. I live in a city highrise in the US. I'm on the 17th floor and have a few herb plants on my balcony. Ever since my basil began to flower I've been noticing bees have been arriving to pollinate.

Frequently sitting near the window, and easily prone to distractions, I began to notice what seemed to be the same black and white bee, and the same (honey?) bee arriving everyday, separately. I'm obviously not positive that it is in fact, the same bees everyday; I only have a strong suspicion based on the fact that it's only ever one at a time, and there seems to be an alternate pattern between the black and white bee, and the honey (yellow one).

Is it possible that it's the same two bees everyday?

Thanks.

submitted by /u/3kaufmann
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Are people born on 23rd March more likely to be Olympic champions?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 07:12 AM PDT

In the UK, the BBC has reported that some of the most succesful Olympians were born on 23rd March. They include Jason Kenny, Mo Farah, Sir Steve Redgrave and Sir Chris Hoy. Apparently Roger Bannister shared the same birthday. Does your date, month of season of birth provide an advantage or could we pick any other day and find just as many sucessful people?

submitted by /u/jdaffern
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How exactly do we know that the gravitational waves detected by LIGO were produced by the collision of two black holes?

Posted: 19 Aug 2016 09:27 AM PDT