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Saturday, August 6, 2016

Can you see time dialation ?

Can you see time dialation ?


Can you see time dialation ?

Posted: 06 Aug 2016 12:34 AM PDT

I am gonna use the movie interstellar to explain my question. Specifically the water planet scene. If you dont know this movie, they want to land on a planet, which orbits around a black hole. Due to the gravity of the black hole, the time on this planet is severly dialated and supposedly every 1 hour on this planet means 7 years "earth time". So they land on the planet, but leave one crew member behind and when they come back he aged 23 years. So far so good, all this should be theoretically possible to my knowledge (if not correct me).

Now to my question: If they guy left on the spaceship had a telescope or something and then observes the people on the planet, what would he see? Would he see them move in ultra slow motion? If not, he couldnt see them move normally, because he can observe them for 23 years, while they only "do actions" that take 3 hours. But seeing them moving in slow motion would also make no sense to me, because the light he sees would then have to move slower then the speed of light?

Is there any conclusive answer to this?

submitted by /u/ixam1212
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Does the past/present/future already exist?

Posted: 06 Aug 2016 02:22 AM PDT

I am have trouble understanding the concept of time travel. How strong is the claim that we can hypothetically travel forward/backward in time. If we can, then does the past/present/future already exist?

submitted by /u/questioningskeptic
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How much voltage deviation is acceptable?

Posted: 06 Aug 2016 05:59 AM PDT

Like if you have an USB Stick, which needs 5V, but your System only provides 4.8V. Why does it still work? Similarly, when is a battery 'empty' or 'loaded'? If you try to measure battery voltage, you get a result, but how do you find out, if the voltage is sufficient to operate the system?

submitted by /u/D4nte188
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What affect does height have on running efficiency?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 04:11 PM PDT

Does being taller make it more efficient (i.e. easier) to run since you have a longer stride length? Or is that negligible since, on average, you have to carry more weight than a shorter person? How does this differ between distance running and sprints?

submitted by /u/BrennantheGamer
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If you supersaturate a solution, does whatever you saturated it with condense back out when the solution cools? If not, why not?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 01:32 PM PDT

Does F=ma hold true for rockets?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 07:29 PM PDT

So I'm pretty far removed from college, but from what I remember, F=(mv)d/dt. It just so happens for the majority of cases, mass is either constant or effectively constant, so it can be removed from the integral, leaving F=m*dv/dt.

But for rockets, mass isn't even remotely constant, as you're constantly spitting out propellant. Does F=ma still hold true or does it become more complex for rockets?

submitted by /u/ninjew36
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If the blackbody spectrum shows a highest intensity of blue light for hot objects, why aren't hot objects intensely blue?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 03:21 PM PDT

I'm not sure if I am misunderstanding the blackbody spectrum, but the spectrum (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/imgmod/wien3.gif) shows blue light having the highest intensity for hot objects. Why don't hot objects glow blue? Why do they glow red usually? Shouldn't red have the lowest intensity?

submitted by /u/Emcf
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Tabby's Star, KIC 8462852, the one with the unusual dimming, is it possible that it is something odd shaped that is between us and the star that is getting closer? Is there any obvious reason to rule out that it is something getting closer?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 01:51 PM PDT

New research shows that it is in fact dimming over the last 4 years: http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.03256

(Unlike the previously idea, widely refuted, that it was dimming over the last 100 years).

submitted by /u/IAmtheHullabaloo
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Why does it take so long to render CGI movies compared to realtime rendering of Video Games?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 03:19 PM PDT

From Frozen wikipedia page:

Fifty effects artists and lighting artists worked together on the technology to create "one single shot" in which Elsa builds her ice palace. Its complexity required 30 hours to render each frame, with 4,000 computers rendering one frame at a time.

30 hours per frame as opposed to 1/30 of a second per frame in any modern video game, that's a difference of about 3.24 million times of rendering time unless my math is wrong.

Now I perfectly understand that Frozen looks way better than any realtime modern video game, but I'm not sure it looks 3 million times better than them, so why is there such a huge difference?

submitted by /u/QuickSilverD
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If centripetal force and gravity are balanced in a circular orbit, why doesn't the orbiting object go off on a tangent?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 02:49 PM PDT

I was reading up on a derivation of the formula for orbital period today, and it began by saying that the centripetal force and gravitational force are balanced in a perfectly circular orbit. This would explain why objects do not fall straight to the ground while in space.

Now, I know the centripetal force is only a manifestation of the object's sideways velocity, which makes it want to go off on a tangent. I know it is a fictitious force, it doesn't really "come" from anything other than being in a rotating reference frame. But if it makes sense to say that centrifugal forces and gravity are balanced, then surely there are no net forces acting on the object at all. If this is the case, why does the orbiting object keep curving around the planet? Why doesn't it just float off into deep space? I understand why it doesn't if someone explains it to me without mentioning centripetal force, but I'm having trouble getting my head around this force. Thanks.

submitted by /u/SpaceSpheres108
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Why is Titan considered a moon?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 01:59 PM PDT

I understand that it is orbiting Saturn, but it is the same size as mercury. Also it is extremely similar to Earth and may harbor life. So couldn't it be classified as a Planet?

submitted by /u/ArmoredBattalion
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Does the mass of the planet affect the speed of its orbit?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 11:19 AM PDT

If Pluto were 1 AU from the Sun, would it move more quickly than Earth because of its smaller mass and size?

My guess would be no, as there wouldn't be any real friction in the vacuum of space.

submitted by /u/NatsuDragnee1
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How much energy would it take to boil all of Earth's oceans?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 08:21 AM PDT

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Ocean

submitted by /u/colossaldouche
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How do clouds defy gravity, and stay floating in the sky?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 08:44 AM PDT

Recessive and dominant genes: what decides which is what? How come that, for example, blue eyes are recessive and brown ones are dominant?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 08:51 AM PDT

How does light know which path is fastest?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 09:36 AM PDT

According to wikipedia:

Fermat's principle or the principle of least time is the principle that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time

I want to understand how light "knows" which path can be traversed in the least amount of time? I have read an answer which described it as light doesn't know a-priori but takes all possible paths, and those unlikely paths "cancel" out. But I really don't understand how this is possible or how it makes any scientific sense.

submitted by /u/sheeraffinity
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What's really happening that causes altered mental status in a patient who's septic?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 06:26 AM PDT

Along with marked hypotension and evidence of a recent infection, altered mental status is a hallmark that medics look for when diagnosing and treating sepsis in the field. What I'm wondering is, what actually causes the altered mental status? Does that mean that the infection has spread to the brain? Or is it simply the body conserving it's available energy that results in a decrease in consciousness?

submitted by /u/brian31b
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Does liquid oxygen or "oxygen in a can" actually increase the amount of oxygen in my body?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 10:51 AM PDT

Sometimes I see bigger NFL players inhaling oxygen after a long run. Could I get that without a prescription, or as a regular person?

I'm almost 230, really muscular, pretty fast, but I get winded easily. Would leveraging things like liquid oxygen, or oxygen in a can as found below, actually increase the amount of oxygen in my body?

https://www.amazon.com/Oxygen-Boost-Natural-Energy-Natural-22oz-5pack/dp/B0080SW2IW/ref=zg_bs_13052971_11 https://www.amazon.com/Stabilized-Premium-Concentrated-Supplement-Bottles/dp/B007LPTBYI/ref=pd_bxgy_121_img_2?ie=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=PTZAV5641J1PG7NGGN21

submitted by /u/SendMeYourHousePics
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How old is a photon that came from a star a billion light years away?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 02:19 PM PDT

Let's say a photon arrives from a star a billion light years away and hits my retina, so by our time it would be a billion years old. If it had its own internal clock, how "old" would it be by its own time?

submitted by /u/asmj
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How can this train move 1 ton of freight 450 miles on just 1 gallon of fuel?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 02:05 PM PDT

Friday, August 5, 2016

Has the speed of sound ever been surpassed underwater? What would an underwater sonic boom be like?

Has the speed of sound ever been surpassed underwater? What would an underwater sonic boom be like?


Has the speed of sound ever been surpassed underwater? What would an underwater sonic boom be like?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:47 PM PDT

The speed of sound underwater is 1481 m/s (at 20 degrees C), which is 4.2 times faster than in air - so mach 4.2. This is fast. The fastest recorded fish is the black marlin, which swims at 36 m/s. Modern rifles have muzzle velocities greater than 1200 m/s and some tank guns are up around 1700 m/s (in air of course), so it seems at least plausible that an object could be fired underwater fast enough.

submitted by /u/mlukeman
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Are there languages or dialects that have no shared history but, surprisingly, have a lot of the same phonemes?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 09:33 PM PDT

What happens if I, in weightlessness, heat a bucket of water, will diffusion "mix" the water or will there exist a sharp temperature gradient in the water resulting in boiling water at the bottom and cooler water on top?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 04:13 AM PDT

On Earth if I heat a bucket of water from the bottom convection would mix the water. In other words does convection in fluids by heating exist in space?

submitted by /u/Goodkat2600
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Why didn't the universe collapse into a black hole immediately after the big bang?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:24 PM PDT

All the stuff, matter, energy that would ever be was in a space that would seemingly have to be dense enough to be a black hole. Why are we not crushed inside of a black hole?

submitted by /u/deebeeoh
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Why are the words for "mother" and "father" so similar in so many distinct languages?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 06:39 PM PDT

I've recently realized that "mother" and "father" all sound quite similar all across the globe, even in places far away from Europe such as China (Mandarin: Māmā) and Southern Africa (Zulu: umama).

Is this due to European influence, or is it something else?

submitted by /u/Valkaus
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Why was there such low entropy after the big bang?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 09:47 PM PDT

Why are dark matter halos spherical while most of the other matter in galaxies is on a plane?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 03:01 PM PDT

Does it have to do with dark matter being weakly interacting?

submitted by /u/BAOUBA
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What is at the bottom of deep fresh water lakes like the Great Lakes?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:19 AM PDT

The science of holding your breath: there's no discomfort caused by running out of Oxygen?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 12:27 AM PDT

I've been looking into the world of Free Diving, essentially people who are good at holding their breath for a long time. I've heard in a couple of places that there's no sense of pain or discomfort in running out of Oxygen, you just pass out. The pain of holding your breath is only caused by too much Carbon Dioxide.

Is this true, scientifically? And is there any evolutionary reason or advantage to this, is it harder to detect that lack of one thing rather than the buildup of the other, or is it just that "too much Carbon Dioxide" is, under normal circumstances, a good enough proxy for "not enough Oxygen" that it makes no difference?

submitted by /u/FleaBargain
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In ketosis, does the decomposition of fat into ketones release energy? If yes, where does it go and how does it affect the body's energy expenditure?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 08:05 AM PDT

The energy density of fat is 37 MJ/kg, but ketones have just 30 MJ/kg. My reasoning is that this difference must be released in the liver as heat.

If that's the case, then the rest of the body cannot use that energy. It must burn ketones instead. But in order to let the brain and muscles burn 1 kcal of ketones, the liver must decompose a bit more than a kcal of fat, so the total daily energy expenditure must be a bit higher (except for that fraction of energy in which we burn fat directly).

Does that make sense?

submitted by /u/bouillon9
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What would happen to an electron and proton in a vacuum?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 08:09 PM PDT

I know that they would accelerate towards each other due to the electromagnetic force. But, what happens once they become very close, to the point where they reach their highest velocity? Would they collide, with the kinetic energy accumulated in the acceleration being used to form a chemical bond (making a hydrogen atom)? If they would stick together and make a hydrogen atom, how does that entire process not lead to an increased entropy of the universe?

submitted by /u/letsgetmolecular
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If one were to mine the craters on the moon, would one find what made the impact?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:20 AM PDT

Do we have an explanation for the 150 million years worth of rocks missing in the Grand Canyon?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 09:51 AM PDT

I recently saw a debate on youtube where the creationist claimed that there is a place in the grand canyon where 150 million years worth of rock is completely missing. He says that there is a layer of cambrian rocks (600 million years old) and a layer above this of "carbiniforus?" rocks (450 million years old). Between these two layers there is supposedly a major gap. 150 million years old to be precise. Now, I am by no means a creationism by any stretch of the definition, but I'm still curious as to how (if this is true), this can be? I'm sure there is a scientific explanation. Could it be erosion, or any other geological explanation?

Thanks for any help!

submitted by /u/ProningPineapple
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Can Hamiltonian chaos be seen in quantum systems?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:03 PM PDT

Is the small divisor problem represented in quantum systems? Or is this all purely deterministic and classical?

submitted by /u/BillOReillyFetish
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Why does Zinc only rust on the outer layer while iron rust all the way through?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:59 AM PDT

When it comes to light, is it all or nothing when it comes to gravitational influence?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:17 AM PDT

My understand based on what I have read, is that light can not escape a black hole, due to the gravitation forces in play.

I was wondering if the gravitational force of neutron star in moments away from collapsing into a black hole, has any impact on light?

submitted by /u/Karmaa
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How does an electron absorb energy from a photon in a solar cell?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:06 PM PDT

When an electron and a photon interact to raise the energy level of the electron, what happens? How is energy transfered from the photon to an electron? Is this some passing of quarks?

submitted by /u/PythonEnergy
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(Statistics) What is the difference between selection bias and healthy user bias?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:38 AM PDT

I am reading a book on statistics and in one part it mentions all of the different kind of biases that can occur when analysing data from samples. Two of the biases mentioned are selection bias, and healthy user bias.

The author provides examples, and from what I can tell, they seem to be the same thing, but healthy user bias is restricted to health-related data.

I am by no means whatsoever a statistician however, so any input is appreciated, as I can't find any comparison between the two.

submitted by /u/MythicalBeast42
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Why don't all clouds form at the same elevation?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:57 AM PDT

Clouds seem to form at different levels, some lower or higher than others- what is the reason for this? Why do clouds form at different heights?

submitted by /u/constructingphysics
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How do the signals inside of a PC "know" where they have to go?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:41 AM PDT

A signal inside of a PC has to go from A to B, but how the signal know the path where it has to go? There are probably an "infinite" amount of possibilities where it could go and end up, but it takes the one that is right. How?

edit for spelling

submitted by /u/Katie_Deely
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What would happen if I compressed a spring and then welded the coils together?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 09:58 AM PDT

Would the resulting cylinder have the same "springiness," or would I simply be left with a tube of coiled metal?

submitted by /u/whowantstoplayrisk
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Thursday, August 4, 2016

AskScience Panel of Scientists XV

AskScience Panel of Scientists XV


AskScience Panel of Scientists XV

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 10:55 AM PDT

Please read this entire post carefully and format your application appropriately.

This post is for new panelist recruitment! The previous one is here.

The panel is an informal group of redditors who are either professional scientists or those in training to become so. All panelists have at least a graduate-level familiarity within their declared field of expertise and answer questions from related areas of study. A panelist's expertise is summarized in a color-coded AskScience flair.

Membership in the panel comes with access to a panelist subreddit. It is a place for panelists to interact with each other, voice concerns to the moderators, and where the moderators make announcements to the whole panel. It's a good place to network with people who share your interests!


You are eligible to join the panel if you:

  • Are studying for at least an MSc. or equivalent degree in the sciences, AND,

  • Are able to communicate your knowledge of your field at a level accessible to various audiences.


Instructions for formatting your panelist application:

  • Choose exactly one general field from the side-bar (Physics, Engineering, Social Sciences, etc.).

  • State your specific field in one word or phrase (Neuropathology, Quantum Chemistry, etc.)

  • Succinctly describe your particular area of research in a few words (carbon nanotube dielectric properties, myelin sheath degradation in Parkinsons patients, etc.)

  • Give us a brief synopsis of your education: are you a research scientist for three decades, or a first-year Ph.D. student?

  • Provide links to comments you've made in AskScience which you feel are indicative of your scholarship. Applications will not be approved without several comments made in /r/AskScience itself.


Ideally, these comments should clearly indicate your fluency in the fundamentals of your discipline as well as your expertise. We favor comments that contain citations so we can assess its correctness without specific domain knowledge.

Here's an example application:

 Username: /u/foretopsail General field: Anthropology Specific field: Maritime Archaeology Particular areas of research include historical archaeology, archaeometry, and ship construction. Education: MA in archaeology, researcher for several years. Comments: 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Please do not give us personally identifiable information and please follow the template. We're not going to do real-life background checks - we're just asking for reddit's best behavior. However, several moderators are tasked with monitoring panelist activity, and your credentials will be checked against the academic content of your posts on a continuing basis.

You can submit your application by replying to this post.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why is blue light the first to get absorbed into the atmosphere through rayleigh scattering, but it penetrates water deeper than other colors?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 04:10 AM PDT

I am out fishing and there are guys with lights that they use to light up the water in the back of the boat when it is dark out so they can see the fish, but all of the lights are either blue or more commonly green. I know from my stage crew days that blue is very hard to produce well, and that the human eye is most adept to see green, and when I did my scuba class they had a chart showing the depths that colors start to fade. This got me thinking however, why does blue light penetrate further than red light in water, shouldn't the same properties of Rayleigh scattering apply?

submitted by /u/bitingpuppy
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Are there any examples in engineering where the Leidenfrost effect is incorporated into the design?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 03:30 AM PDT

With an estimated 1,000,000 nematode species, what distinguishes them all?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 06:28 PM PDT

I was on a Wikipedia safari, and read that there are 25,000 known nematode species, and 1,000,000 estimated total species.

I'm wondering what could possibly distinguish between 1,000,000 variations of a little worm. Could someone explain the minimal distinguishing characteristics of a species of nematode?

submitted by /u/vertebrate
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How do we detect when neutrinos collide into matter if they are electrically neutral? Isn't what we think of as a collision just an electromagnetic interaction?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:27 AM PDT

Or does it have to do with the weak force? I've taken a few courses on QM so don't hold back!

submitted by /u/BAOUBA
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What specifically causes neutrinos to oscillate flavor?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:44 AM PDT

What special properties does it have that say and electron or quark don't have. From what I've been told, the necessary flavor and mass transformations don't commute and so they aren't simultaneous eigenstates, but why is this needed in the grander scheme?

submitted by /u/BAOUBA
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How do all the power plants on the grid ensure that their output AC is in-sync with the grid's?.

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 10:59 AM PDT

If I plug in my laptop, for instance, into the wall here in the U.S., it will be charged by a 60 hz AC current. Presumably, multiple power plants are responsible for supplying this current at 60 hz. How do the designers of the grid ensure that all of these gigantic powerplants are perfectly in sync? What happens if one or more falls out of sync? Could the current become wonky and break a bunch of people's electronics?

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/CompellingProtagonis
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How is a superatom different from an ordinary molecule?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 06:07 PM PDT

Is there a physiological difference in the brain between people with exceptional memory and those with average memory?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 10:19 AM PDT

What happens when opposite magnetic poles meet?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 05:32 PM PDT

There's a gif in r/oddlysatisfying of a n/s magnet in a container of iron filings in some kind of solution. The filings aren't attracted to the center. What's happening?

submitted by /u/misterhamtastic
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Do dreams unfold procedurally or are they 'pre-written'?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 10:07 AM PDT

I had a dream once that had a banging plot twist, which leads me to wonder if they might be predetermined in some way at the start of a dream. Is this possible?

submitted by /u/LouisCowell
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So I read that rotating black holes have ring singularities. Can you pass through the ring?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 02:23 PM PDT

What would happen if you had a rotating black hole and you fell down through the north or south pole? Would you oscillate through the ring and eventually settle down in the middle of it? Wouldn't that contradict orbital motion? If you fall from height x and you pass through the gravitational center undisturbed, you'd end up at height x again on the other side, right?

submitted by /u/xXxXxXxVICTORxXxXxXx
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What's with all the water in that recent sinkhole gif?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 10:53 AM PDT

The clip I'm referring to

  1. Where is that water coming from?

  2. Why is the water thrashing around like there's a storm out at sea?

Watching that clip over and over, I just...like my brain can't really grasp a sinkhole with thrashing waves just opening up in a backyard like that.

submitted by /u/MrPancakesMcgee
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What makes clownfish "immune" to anemones?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 11:10 AM PDT

Partially brought to you by Finding Nemo

submitted by /u/UnexpectedClock
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Why don't electrons and neutrinos have smaller components?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 07:45 PM PDT

As I understand it, above the electroweak unification energy, it becomes clear that electrons and neutrinos become two states of the same spin 1/2 particle with weak hypercharge -1 and weak isospin ±1/2

Quarks on the other hand look different independently, but when you add them up as protons and neutrons, they become spin 1/2 particles whose hypercharges add up to +1 and whose weak isospins add up to ±1/2

Under electroweak symmetry, they seem to mirror each other, but leptons are elementary and baryons are not. Why is this? Is it possible that leptons have their own components that are even more tightly bound?

submitted by /u/chunkylubber54
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Why does delta x * delta p >= h/4pi?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 03:37 PM PDT

This is the math behind Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle but what is the logic behind the right side of the equation? Why does delta x * delta p have to be greater than or equal to h/4pi?

submitted by /u/shshdhdhdjrj
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How close are we to actually understanding what consciousness is and how it formed?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 08:17 AM PDT

With what seems like advancements of our knowledge of the human brain being made nearly every week, I would assume that we are relatively close to understanding what consciousness is and how it formed. So, with all of this new information at scientists disposal, how close are we to understanding consciousness?

submitted by /u/IAmTrident
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Do we lose our ability to remember dreams as we get older? If so, why?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 10:39 AM PDT

How do cancerous cells decompose?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 05:58 PM PDT

Random on the toilet thought but my family's old dog passed away from cancer and was buried in the garden and I was wondering does the cancerous tissue decompose in the same way that healthy tissue does and does the fact that it is cancerous effect the bacteria that is decomposing it. Thanks

submitted by /u/ahill743
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Does wood harden if it's underwater?

Posted: 03 Aug 2016 11:58 AM PDT

I've watched a few documentaries and read a few articles about the founding of Venice and one thing that they all mention, is that the Venetians used wooden beams as supports due to the lack of a solid foundation. They would drive these beams into the water and the soft soil until they hit bedrock and, according to these (secondary) sources, the wood overtime hardens instead of rotting as (I assume) the wood remains underwater and isn't exposed to the air. Is this true? And if so, what is happening to the wood to make it 'harden'?

submitted by /u/merkonerko2
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