There is a video of a man folding a piece of paper with a hydraulic press 7 times. The 7th time seems to essentially break the piece of paper, what happened here?

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• There is a video of a man folding a piece of paper with a hydraulic press 7 times. The 7th time seems to essentially break the piece of paper, what happened here?
• Does light lose energy when reflected?
• AskScience AMA Series: I’m Ed Boyden professor of biological engineering and brain and cognitive sciences at the MIT Media Lab and the MIT McGovern Institute, ask me anything!
• Evolution of receptors and agonists. Chicken or egg?
• Is it possible/does it exist, a compund that is transparent when it is over 0°C, but a vibrant color when under 0°C?
• If you get a face transplant, does it age?
• Why is pentadecanol so much more expensive than hexadecanol?
• What happens on a molecular level when eggs coagulate and is it reversible?
• Why is tension independent of an object's length whereas compression is not?
• Why doesn't rolling a die twice increase your chances?
• Where in Einstein's field equations (or other equations if needed) does gravity propagate at the speed of light?
• How much of the specialized structures of our brain is genetic, and how much is developed from what's wired to particular parts of the brain?
• What limits the height at which something can fly?
• Do animals get joint injuries like humans do from excessive running/exercise? Why are we so prone to it?
• What effects the chance of co-morbidity in mental disorders?
• Why do some people have photographic memory, yet a normal person without one can still remember a huge quantity of information, such as the meaning of hundreds and thousands of words? What's the scientific difference between those two types of memory?
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science
• How do muscles become hard when they are flexed?
• Is it possible to create sound waves without the vibration of a physical object like a speaker?
• Can a non-sex-chromosome condition present only in one sex of a family?
• The lowest recorded temperature is 10pK. To get to this temperature, one would need something colder than 10 pK, and so on. By this logic, the required temperature approaches absolute zero. How is this possible?
• How do delta receptors modulate mu receptors as they relate to analgesia?
• Is it possible to react to a gunshot?
• What does product moment of area mean?
• So, it's said that basically everything may be contained in Pi. Does that not apply to all irrational numbers?

There is a video of a man folding a piece of paper with a hydraulic press 7 times. The 7th time seems to essentially break the piece of paper, what happened here? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 04:53 PM PDT Here is the video I'm referring to. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuG_CeEZV6w&feature=youtu.be submitted by /u/jfk_47 [link] [comments]

Does light lose energy when reflected? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 06:26 AM PDT Objects that collide with another object lose energy. So, when a light beam reflects off a surface, does it lose energy? So, loss of energy would result in a decrease in speed. submitted by /u/Mightyseph [link] [comments]

AskScience AMA Series: I’m Ed Boyden professor of biological engineering and brain and cognitive sciences at the MIT Media Lab and the MIT McGovern Institute, ask me anything! Posted: 15 Mar 2016 12:27 PM PDT Thanks everyone! The last hour was great, and I hope I answered some of your questions. You can find more about our work here: http://syntheticneurobiology.org/ I lead the Synthetic Neurobiology group at the MIT Media Lab. We develop tools for analyzing and repairing complex biological systems like the brain, and apply them systematically to reveal ground truth principles of biological function as well as to repair these systems. I also co-direct the MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering, which aims to develop new tools to accelerate neuroscience progress. I was awarded the 2016 Breakthrough Prize in life sciences for my work in the development and implementation of optogenetics, a technique in which scientists can control neurons by shining light on them. At MIT, I launched a series of classes that teach principles of neuroengineering, starting with basic principles of how to control and observe neural functions, and culminating with strategies for launching companies in the nascent neurotechnology space. I earned my PhD in neurosciences at Stanford as a Hertz Fellow and graduated from MIT with a BS in electrical engineering and computer science and physics as well as a masters of engineering in electrical engineering and computer science. submitted by /u/Ed_Boyden [link] [comments]

Evolution of receptors and agonists. Chicken or egg? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 02:25 AM PDT Did receptors evolve before the chemicals that stimulate them? Or did the presence of the chemical (e.g. a hormone) cause cells to evolve receptors to respond to levels of the chemical? I guess another way to put it would be did mutations in the genes for cellular products influence mutations in cell receptors to recognise the new products? Or vice versa. Or was it some kind of co-evolution? submitted by /u/thatguywiththatname [link] [comments]

Is it possible/does it exist, a compund that is transparent when it is over 0°C, but a vibrant color when under 0°C? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 06:59 AM PDT I was looking at the window at a snowy day and the lack of color got me thinking. I wanted a paint that is transparent in the summer and very colorfull in the winter. submitted by /u/drita247 [link] [comments]

If you get a face transplant, does it age? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 06:28 PM PDT I debated asking this on r/nostupidquestions, but I feel like there are more qualified people on here that can give me a good answer. I just watched this video. A 41 year old got a 26 year old donor's face after an accident. Which made me wonder, would it ever age? submitted by /u/livininacoconut [link] [comments]

Why is pentadecanol so much more expensive than hexadecanol? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 05:45 AM PDT On Sigma-Aldrich, pentadecanol costs around 300 times more per gram than hexadecanol, despite having similar purities. Why is this? submitted by /u/Haxld [link] [comments]

What happens on a molecular level when eggs coagulate and is it reversible? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 05:37 AM PDT submitted by /u/Dranox [link] [comments]

Why is tension independent of an object's length whereas compression is not? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 11:40 PM PDT Hi guys. In my physics class today we did some compression and tension tests on materials and found that the change in length of a straight piece of wood changed how much compressive force you could apply to it before it broke. The longer pieces of wood could take less compressive force before snapping. Conversely, we found that it didn't matter how long or short a piece of wood is when it came to applying tensile forces. Why is this? Why is the tension in an object independent of length, yet compression seems to be amplified by length? submitted by /u/Always_Question_Time [link] [comments]

Why doesn't rolling a die twice increase your chances? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:41 PM PDT Ok, this might be a bit long winded but here goes. I've been taught since starting probability in middle school that doing something twice won't increase your chances if the starting conditions are the same. I understand that your chances won't increase on each singular attempt but wouldn't they increase overall. My thinking is as follows: the chances of rolling a 6 on a standard die is 1 in 6. The chances of 2 sixes in a row is 1 in 36 because 1/6 × 1/6 = 1/36. Taking this logic I said that the chances of rolling a not 6 is 5 in 6. The chances of rolling 2 not sixes in a row is 25/36 because 5/6 × 5/6 = 25/36 this means the chances of rolling a six in one of those times is 11/36. Therefore your chances of rolling a six if the die is rolled twice has gone up from 1/6 (6/36) to 11/36. Is this not correct? Thanks in advance for the help. submitted by /u/Kingme121 [link] [comments]

Where in Einstein's field equations (or other equations if needed) does gravity propagate at the speed of light? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:49 PM PDT Obviously c is in the equation but it's in the denominator of a term, and it's to the fourth power. How does this translate into gravity propagating at the speed of light/causation? (Relatedly, is it significant that that term has 4 radial rotations about the circle in the numerator and c4 in the denominator?) Is gravity's speed just assumed? Is it part of the stress-energy tensor and I just need to study that more closely? Am I looking at the wrong equation entirely? submitted by /u/ktool [link] [comments]

How much of the specialized structures of our brain is genetic, and how much is developed from what's wired to particular parts of the brain? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 07:00 AM PDT We know that different parts of our brain have specialized functions, such as visual processing, auditory processing, speech, language, muscle coordination, etc. Two ways this development can happen are: 1) The details of the function are described within our genetics. 2) The specific parts of our brain start out as general pattern machines, and whatever input/output is wired to a part of the brain trains that part of the brain to perform the function we need over time. I would assume it has to be some combination of the two, particularly since many animals start out at birth able to walk or see to some extent. On the other hand, we have cases of humans who gained sight after being blind from birth, and their visual sense has severe limitations. So, what do we know about how the specialization of brain function develops? submitted by /u/nairebis [link] [comments]

What limits the height at which something can fly? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 07:11 AM PDT Birds, insects, planes, etc. all seem to have a glass ceiling as to how high they can go. Why? submitted by /u/remynwrigs240 [link] [comments]

Do animals get joint injuries like humans do from excessive running/exercise? Why are we so prone to it? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 04:09 AM PDT Injuries are fairly common in running - one of our most basic forms of movement. This seems like evolution messed up a bit. Why is this? Do animals get injured as often as we do? If a cheetah is chasing its prey and lands a foot wrong, is that the cheetah out for 6 weeks while it recovers? Furthermore, if a person has been a runner for their whole life, you can expect that the cartilage in their knees will be pretty much gone by age 50. Does this happen to other animals? submitted by /u/jaydubs27 [link] [comments]

What effects the chance of co-morbidity in mental disorders? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 06:13 AM PDT I study Psych, and was always wondering, from my experience with patients and even myself, when someone has co-morbidity of learning disorders, they also seem to have mood disorders at the same time. For example, I have Dyscalculia and Dyslexia. I also have/had MDD and anxiety (SAD and GAD). I was reading a study right now about how co-morbidity rate of learning disorders is around 40%. What causes this? I do know that learning disabilities can cause depression (being depressed because feeling like a failure, etc.). I am just wondering if there is any biological link. submitted by /u/TheTinyKitten [link] [comments]

Why do some people have photographic memory, yet a normal person without one can still remember a huge quantity of information, such as the meaning of hundreds and thousands of words? What's the scientific difference between those two types of memory? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:15 AM PDT submitted by /u/xSialicAcidx [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science Posted: 16 Mar 2016 08:02 AM PDT Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

How do muscles become hard when they are flexed? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 05:14 PM PDT submitted by /u/BT9154 [link] [comments]

Is it possible to create sound waves without the vibration of a physical object like a speaker? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:20 AM PDT submitted by /u/cantGoNoMore [link] [comments]

Can a non-sex-chromosome condition present only in one sex of a family? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 10:35 AM PDT After making contact with my genetic father recently, I've learned that his side of my family has a history of familial polyposis (FAP), but, according to him, "only in the women of the family." From what I've read, FAP is caused by mutations on chromosomes 1 or 5, so I can't figure out how only the women of the family would manifest this. I'm going to get the genetic test no matter what, but I'm curious - is it possible for this to be sex-dependent? submitted by /u/zelmerszoetrop [link] [comments]

The lowest recorded temperature is 10pK. To get to this temperature, one would need something colder than 10 pK, and so on. By this logic, the required temperature approaches absolute zero. How is this possible? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:59 AM PDT submitted by /u/KingOfKingOfKings [link] [comments]

How do delta receptors modulate mu receptors as they relate to analgesia? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:24 AM PDT Title. submitted by /u/Dw_Vonder [link] [comments]

Is it possible to react to a gunshot? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 12:45 AM PDT Let me just set the stage. In many movies or shows somebody will be holding a gun at someone that has a gun on a hostage, if they shoot the hostage will be shot. But is it really possible to react fast enough and pull the trigger before being hit by the bullet? I suppose there's a lot of variables here but I would think that there's no way somebody could react that fast. submitted by /u/Catman933 [link] [comments]

What does product moment of area mean? Posted: 16 Mar 2016 04:21 AM PDT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_moment_of_area#Product_moment_of_area I get in Second moment of area matrix there is I_x, I_y which denote moment of area with respect to x and y axis and weight of that area component while bending through that axis. But what does the product moment of area mean? submitted by /u/semester5 [link] [comments]

So, it's said that basically everything may be contained in Pi. Does that not apply to all irrational numbers? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 02:01 PM PDT submitted by /u/moralanarchy [link] [comments]

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What did the Wow! Signal actually contain?

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• What did the Wow! Signal actually contain?
• Do potatoes used as batteries for clocks end up losing calories?
• Are we travelling faster than the speed of light relative to matter outside of our observable universe?
• If gravitational paths such as orbits are conic sections, what is the cone?
• Why doesn't gasoline engines run off an auto-combustion cycle like diesel engines?
• Can a mathematician explain this counter-intuitive coin toss fact?
• Why do accretion disks around black holes form vertical jets/quasars?
• Is there any research to suggest that babies look to their parents to see how to react?
• What do blind people who are under the influence of hallucinogenic (and/or psychedelic) drugs, see?
• Can someone please explain counter-steering?
• How many elementary particle fields are there?
• Once light is produced does it ever stop?
• Can you measure the spin of a neutrino in a direction other than it's direction of motion?
• If the ice caps melted and the seas rose, would it have any impact on the orbit of the moon?
• Does Jupiter make noise?
• What (if anything) helps prevent parents from becoming sexually attracted to their sons/daughters once they become adults? (The Westermarck effect doesn't apply to them)
• Why is Jupiter considered a gas giant if it's mostly made out of liquid hydrogen?
• Is it true that all ocean dwelling mammals have a terrestrial ancestor?
• Why is it, cognitively speaking, so hard to explain or comprehend a new card or boardgame without just playing it?
• Is there any evidence for prehistoric animals whose intelligence approached or exceeded that seen in modern whales?
• If quarks always exist in pairs, why are there 3 quarks in protons and neutrons? Is one unpaired?
• Does your body metabolize food quicker the more hungry you are?
• In the linked SciAm article, researchers found a weird pattern in the last digit of prime numbers. But what does that actually mean beyond base 10?

What did the Wow! Signal actually contain? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 01:45 AM PDT I'm having trouble understanding this, and what I've read hasn't been very enlightening. If we actually intercepted some sort of signal, what was that signal? Was it a message? How can we call something a signal without having idea of what the signal was? Secondly, what are the actual opinions of the Wow! Signal? Popular culture aside, is the signal actually considered to be nonhuman, or is it regarded by the scientific community to most likely be man made? Thanks! submitted by /u/CBNormandy [link] [comments]

Do potatoes used as batteries for clocks end up losing calories? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 10:14 PM PDT A calorie is a form of energy, right? So would a potato (or orange/lemon/anything) have a "caloric outtake" from being used as a battery? submitted by /u/numb3red [link] [comments]

Are we travelling faster than the speed of light relative to matter outside of our observable universe? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 05:25 AM PDT I've been wondering this for a while now. The very reason we cannot see beyond the horizon of the observable universe is the rate of expansion, correct? So are we not traveling faster than the speed of light relative to everything beyond that horizon? And the question that follows is, of course, are we traveling backwards in time relative to what's beyond the observable universe? submitted by /u/WMD_Right_Chair [link] [comments]

If gravitational paths such as orbits are conic sections, what is the cone? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 10:05 PM PDT I'm curious as to why a gravitationally determined trajectory, or any trajectory influenced by an inverse square law force, follows conic sections. How can I understand this? Bouncing off of that question, is there any known relation between Dandelin spheres and Kepler's first law? submitted by /u/ktool [link] [comments]

Why doesn't gasoline engines run off an auto-combustion cycle like diesel engines? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 11:55 PM PDT submitted by /u/brownclan974 [link] [comments]

Can a mathematician explain this counter-intuitive coin toss fact? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 05:42 AM PDT Was reading an interesting article yesterday (https://www.quantamagazine.org/20160313-mathematicians-discover-prime-conspiracy/) and this fact it mentioned intrigued me: "Soundararajan was drawn to study consecutive primes after hearing a lecture at Stanford by the mathematician Tadashi Tokieda, of the University of Cambridge, in which he mentioned a counterintuitive property of coin-tossing: If Alice tosses a coin until she sees a head followed by a tail, and Bob tosses a coin until he sees two heads in a row, then on average, Alice will require four tosses while Bob will require six tosses (try this at home!), even though head-tail and head-head have an equal chance of appearing after two coin tosses. " why is this? submitted by /u/TakeOxygen [link] [comments]

Why do accretion disks around black holes form vertical jets/quasars? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 10:39 PM PDT What's the mechanism at play here? submitted by /u/qwoz [link] [comments]

Is there any research to suggest that babies look to their parents to see how to react? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 10:14 PM PDT For example, is there any proof to suggest that if a baby falls and the parents react as if they're horrified the baby does the same and associates falling as bad thing, but if the parents just laugh and smile the baby just giggles and moves on? submitted by /u/SentrantPC [link] [comments]

What do blind people who are under the influence of hallucinogenic (and/or psychedelic) drugs, see? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 04:04 PM PDT Examples: LSD, LSA, 2-CB, 2-CE, Psilocybin, Salvia Divinorum, DMT ... submitted by /u/erdnussesser [link] [comments]

Can someone please explain counter-steering? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 11:28 PM PDT As per this video from /r/motorcycles Thank you. submitted by /u/s-b [link] [comments]

How many elementary particle fields are there? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 06:00 PM PDT Im having trouble telling what makes two particals with similar properties the same thing and what makes them distinct. Are electrons and positrons part of the same field or different? What about left-handed and right-handed electrons? Blue and Red Up quarks? W and Z bosons? Electric and magnetic photons? submitted by /u/chunkylubber54 [link] [comments]

Once light is produced does it ever stop? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 08:29 PM PDT I just had a conversation with my Grandfather concerning the light that comes from distant suns and how we can still see that light even if the star is no longer there. So now we're curious if light ever stops moving forward once it's been produced. submitted by /u/Drunkjesus0706 [link] [comments]

Can you measure the spin of a neutrino in a direction other than it's direction of motion? Posted: 15 Mar 2016 05:26 AM PDT If the answer is yes, wouldn't this colapse the spin function to either up or down in that direction, meaning that the spin, in the basis of the direction of motion, is a little up and a little down (half and half if the direction is perpendicular)? That is, wouldn't measuring the spin of a neutrino in a direction other than it's direction of motion collapse its state to a little uleft and a little uright? But since neutrinos are always left... If the answer is no, why can't we? submitted by /u/gastonmaffei [link] [comments]

If the ice caps melted and the seas rose, would it have any impact on the orbit of the moon? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 10:47 PM PDT I know a bit about the tidal locking that keeps the rotation and revolution synced up, still trying to grasp that relationship but it made me wonder what would happen if the variables changed. Would more ocean affect the orbit? Would it shift slightly and lock again? Could we see the dark side? submitted by /u/DunceMSTRFLX [link] [comments]

Does Jupiter make noise? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 04:30 PM PDT If you could somehow get close enough to Jupiter to hear it, would there be anything to hear? Mostly because of the storms? And I mean noise more than just the winds of it passing through space (if that exists ) submitted by /u/Skyphe [link] [comments]

What (if anything) helps prevent parents from becoming sexually attracted to their sons/daughters once they become adults? (The Westermarck effect doesn't apply to them) Posted: 14 Mar 2016 11:08 AM PDT What (if anything) helps prevent parents from becoming sexually attracted to their children once they become adults? The Westermarck effect inhibits sexual attraction towards those who a person lived with during childhood. This helps prevent people from becoming sexually attracted to their siblings, parents, and others who they live with (or spend a lot of time with) since childhood. But parents are adults (or at least teens) when their children are born, so this doesn't apply. There was an experiment where women smelled t-shirts worn by various men and rated how attractive their scent was. How attractive they found the man's scent went up with genetic difference between them, and went down with genetic similarity. (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/l_016_08.html) Scent aversion is the only thing I know of which would contribute to preventing sexual attraction of parents towards their adult sons and daughters. Is there any other research that you're aware of which shows that there are (or may be) other things inhibiting this? Also, does anybody know if this t-shirt experiment was repeated with men being the ones smelling shirts worn by women? submitted by /u/ogdlibt [link] [comments]

Why is Jupiter considered a gas giant if it's mostly made out of liquid hydrogen? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 04:52 PM PDT I was told that Jupiter was a gas giant, and that it was mostly made out of gas. But I got really confused when I considered the pressure inside it was huge because of the dense atmosphere above it, then I read that below 50 km the atmosphere was considered liquid hydrogen, and below that, metallic liquid hydrogen. So why is it called a gas giant if it's made out of liquid? I'm considering that it's because the hydrogen is a gas under ambient conditions here on Earth, but I'm not satisfied with that and I know the answer is probably complicated. So, is it gaseous, or liquid? submitted by /u/Breno_Targa [link] [comments]

Is it true that all ocean dwelling mammals have a terrestrial ancestor? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 03:16 PM PDT I'm not necessarily asking if they all share the same ancestor, just that they all share some terrestrial ancestor. My friend says that the evolutionary path of all ocean dwelling mammals shows that their ancestors came from the water, evolved more and left the water, and then evolved still more and went back to the water. Is this accurate? submitted by /u/abcdseven [link] [comments]

Why is it, cognitively speaking, so hard to explain or comprehend a new card or boardgame without just playing it? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 05:29 PM PDT submitted by /u/nehala [link] [comments]

Is there any evidence for prehistoric animals whose intelligence approached or exceeded that seen in modern whales? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 01:48 PM PDT submitted by /u/godblessmytrip [link] [comments]

If quarks always exist in pairs, why are there 3 quarks in protons and neutrons? Is one unpaired? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 04:58 PM PDT I've heard that quarks are always paired together; so much so that the energy required to separate them would transform (based on the mass-energy equivalence) into two more quarks that would subsequently pair with the original two. Wouldn't that mean that one of the quarks in a proton or neutron is unpaired? submitted by /u/Carl_Sagan21 [link] [comments]

Does your body metabolize food quicker the more hungry you are? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 07:42 AM PDT submitted by /u/mikerichh [link] [comments]

In the linked SciAm article, researchers found a weird pattern in the last digit of prime numbers. But what does that actually mean beyond base 10? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 12:08 PM PDT The article: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/peculiar-pattern-found-in-random-prime-numbers/?WT.mc_id=SA_DD_20160314 Summary from article: Prime numbers near to each other tend to avoid repeating their last digits, the mathematicians say: that is, a prime that ends in 1 is less likely to be followed by another ending in 1 than one might expect from a random sequence. But if the sequence were truly random, then a prime with 1 as its last digit should be followed by another prime ending in 1 one-quarter of the time. That's because after the number 5, there are only four possibilities—1, 3, 7 and 9—for prime last digits. And these are, on average, equally represented among all primes, according to a theorem proved around the end of the nineteenth century, one of the results that underpin much of our understanding of the distribution of prime numbers. (Another is the prime number theorem, which quantifies how much rarer the primes become as numbers get larger.) Instead, Lemke Oliver and Soundararajan saw that in the first billion primes, a 1 is followed by a 1 about 18% of the time, by a 3 or a 7 each 30% of the time, and by a 9 22% of the time. They found similar results when they started with primes that ended in 3, 7 or 9: variation, but with repeated last digits the least common. The bias persists but slowly decreases as numbers get larger. So, okay, interesting result. But what occurs to me is that we're looking at the last digit from the standpoint of base 10 numbers (or modulo 10), which is hardly a mathematically natural thing. What does this really mean in the general case when you remove the human base-10 bias? submitted by /u/nairebis [link] [comments]

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Happy Pi Day everyone!

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• Happy Pi Day everyone!
• If got one atom to absolute zero, and I touched it, would it kill me? If not, how much matter at absolute zero would I need to touch?
• A fair coin flip conveys 1 bit of information. Is there a simple physical system that conveys 1 nat of information?
• If water is shaken violently enough and for a long period of time, will its molecular structure begin to break down?
• Does the brain increase in temperature when thinking more?
• Does the existence of the Casimir effect prove that an Alcubierre Drive is possible?
• When an atom's nucleus changes (e.g. due to radioactive decay) what happens to its electrons?
• Hows a perfect emitter a perfect absorber as well ?
• Intuition behind naming of EM vector quantities. Difference between flux density and field intensity?
• If canned food can still be edible 2 or 3 years after canning, then why not 20 or 30 years or longer? How do manufacturers set expiration dates for long-life goods?
• Is there a way to measure how much UV radiation it takes to cause a photochromatic chemical to change color?
• Do buildings, such as stadiums, have to be designed to account for vibrations from fans and music?
• Could a pipe made from any rock or clay be harmful to smoke?
• What are projection of vectors exactly?
• What is the probability distribution of the number of kids my wife would have to give birth to so we have at least one son and at least one daughter?
• If I amplitude modulate a 10k Hz audio signal at 15 Hz, what frequency would my mind perceive?
• Is it possible to construct every possible continuous curve using the standard arithmetic operations and calculus?
• Are fears hereditary?
• If neurons can't reproduce, does that mean adult humans have the same amount of neurons as newborn infants?
• Do bees hibernate or migrate for the winter? And how do they keep track of seasons?
• Would this matter to energy converter work in principle?
• When food goes 'stale' why do soft foods (bread) turn hard while soft food (crackers/biscuits) turn soft?
• Could finding the solution to the cause of hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) bring us closer to solving SUIDS, COPD, and Sleep Apnea?

Happy Pi Day everyone! Posted: 14 Mar 2016 05:59 AM PDT Today is 3/14/16, a bit of a rounded-up Pi Day! Grab a slice of your favorite Pi Day dessert and come celebrate with us. Our experts are here to answer your questions all about pi. Last year, we had an awesome pi day thread. Check out the comments below for more and to ask follow-up questions! From all of us at /r/AskScience, have a very happy Pi Day! submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

If got one atom to absolute zero, and I touched it, would it kill me? If not, how much matter at absolute zero would I need to touch? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 11:30 AM PDT submitted by /u/dukemetoo [link] [comments]

A fair coin flip conveys 1 bit of information. Is there a simple physical system that conveys 1 nat of information? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 08:53 AM PDT A nat is the basic unit of information when natural logarithms are used. A bit is the base when using log base 2. Edit: Thanks all for your input so far. /u/brightpixels pointed out the close correspondence between this problem and a sequence of bernoulli trials, and gave a construction capable of producing exactly 1 nat of surprise in the limit of an infinite number of random trials. /u/gibbigg provided a similar construction. /u/AugustusFink-nottle suggested observing a Poisson process over a specified interval. These solutions have exactly the right flavor, i.e., relatively simple physical processes or systems that don't require building 1/e into the solution as an arbitrary numerical constant. Neither are as simple as flipping a single fair coin, but I'm willing to accept that may be a fundamental limitation since the nat is built on a transcendental constant (as pointed out by /u/7335799168). Several others insist that an appropriately biased coin satisfies the requirements. I agree in principle, but nobody has been able to give a simple physical construction for arriving at this. As an analogy, there are many physical constructions for the numerical value of pi. However, taking a stick and gradually sanding it down until its length is 3.14159... does not qualify as a solution. I'm not really interested in arguing the point any more than I have, so if you don't see why this isn't an adequate solution I apologize for not making it clearer. submitted by /u/PhDinBaloney [link] [comments]

If water is shaken violently enough and for a long period of time, will its molecular structure begin to break down? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 08:10 AM PDT I am not sciencey in the least, so I have no idea if that's even a stupid question. I apologize if it is. I was just wondering if that would be possible? And if it does, would it separate into hydrogen and oxygen? Is this nonsense? submitted by /u/ForgotTheAlamo [link] [comments]

Does the brain increase in temperature when thinking more? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 07:52 PM PDT I understand that the brain cools itself down through the ears and head, but what if it didn't have this cooling system? Would the temperature change at all or does all the energy of thinking just go into thinking itself? submitted by /u/Abra_Kebabra [link] [comments]

Does the existence of the Casimir effect prove that an Alcubierre Drive is possible? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 01:09 AM PDT submitted by /u/Lord_Have_MRSA [link] [comments]

When an atom's nucleus changes (e.g. due to radioactive decay) what happens to its electrons? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 05:32 AM PDT Consider an atom of 3H, for example. Its nucleus contains a single proton & two neutrons, and is orbited by a single electron. When the atom undergoes beta decay, it becomes 3He. The nucleus now contains two protons and one neutron. Is it still orbited by a single electron (making it a positive ion), or does it obtain a second orbiting electron from somewhere? Does the same thing happen when the nucleus changes for a different reason, e.g. nuclear fission or fusion? Does it depend on the state of matter (e.g. solid fission fuel vs a fusion plasma)? submitted by /u/bakery2k [link] [comments]

Hows a perfect emitter a perfect absorber as well ? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 10:24 AM PDT Me and my friend are having a nice argument whether all perfect emitters are perfect absorbers as well but i say only black bodies have this property but he says all of them have this property but he cant explain why PS english aint my main language submitted by /u/Swapnil_Sood [link] [comments]

Intuition behind naming of EM vector quantities. Difference between flux density and field intensity? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 03:54 PM PDT I've been learning EM from Cheng (2e) and I'm having trouble understanding the intuition behind the naming of the E, D, B and H fields: E - electric field intensity D - electric flux density B - magnetic flux density H - magnetic field intensity Why are E and H field intensities and D and B flux densities? I've seen explanations that go along the lines of E and H being differential 1-forms while D and B are differential 2-forms. I don't completely understand the reasoning behind this. What makes E a differential 1-form? Don't calculations involving calculating E-flux inherently treat E as a differential 2-form? In addition, I've always seen D and H as being more closely related (both related to free charge/currents etc). Why is it the case that D's analog is B (and not H)? submitted by /u/ReallyGreatPoet [link] [comments]

If canned food can still be edible 2 or 3 years after canning, then why not 20 or 30 years or longer? How do manufacturers set expiration dates for long-life goods? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 12:09 AM PDT So I have a canned drink in front of me that was produced in 2015 and the expiration date is the same month/day in 2017. I know that milk and other foods go off after a certain amount of time and I think that's got to do with the growth of micro-organisms and stuff. It seems like once you get past the first year or so, you should kind of be "out of the woods" with regard to micro-organisms and stuff messing up your food. So how do manufacturers set the expiration date of food and drink that "expires" years after production? Is there a reason why it's 2-3 years and not 20-30 years or indefinite? submitted by /u/FermiAnyon [link] [comments]

Is there a way to measure how much UV radiation it takes to cause a photochromatic chemical to change color? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 06:04 PM PDT submitted by /u/Beeflip [link] [comments]

Do buildings, such as stadiums, have to be designed to account for vibrations from fans and music? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 11:02 AM PDT I was at a lacrosse game last night that had about 12k people cheering and loud music blaring all the time. The cheap nose bleed seats i had were partly obstructed by very large I-beams so I started thinking about the buildings design, specifically how vibrations are taken into account . Do the vibrations due to music and what not have to be accounted for when designing the building? submitted by /u/Hatandboots [link] [comments]

Could a pipe made from any rock or clay be harmful to smoke? Posted: 14 Mar 2016 01:34 AM PDT Ok, it's an odd question, I know. But the thing is, I have been thinking it would be fun to try and make tobacco smoking pipes out of carved rock or burnt clay. However, could there be harmful traces of any metals or other compounds in some rock or clay that releases under the relatively modest heat from burning tobacco? Edit: spelling submitted by /u/Willowbrancher [link] [comments]

What are projection of vectors exactly? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 02:28 PM PDT What is happening on a 3d plane when I am projecting a vector on another vector? Edit:Rephrashing submitted by /u/TheSh4d0w [link] [comments]

What is the probability distribution of the number of kids my wife would have to give birth to so we have at least one son and at least one daughter? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 02:36 PM PDT Assume we have no kids to begin with and that we keep having kids until the condition is satisfied (i.e., not all of our kids are of the same sex). submitted by /u/SumeetGautam [link] [comments]

If I amplitude modulate a 10k Hz audio signal at 15 Hz, what frequency would my mind perceive? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 12:08 PM PDT submitted by /u/betaINK [link] [comments]

Is it possible to construct every possible continuous curve using the standard arithmetic operations and calculus? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 04:29 PM PDT If i define some curve by the function f(x), and that function is continuous as well as surjective (i think i'm using that term correctly?) Can that function, in the general sense by defined using only The standard arithmetic operations, as well as derivatives and integrals. If not what is an example of a curve that cannot be? submitted by /u/oblivion5683 [link] [comments]

Are fears hereditary? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 10:10 AM PDT submitted by /u/Fuzz-Muffin [link] [comments]

If neurons can't reproduce, does that mean adult humans have the same amount of neurons as newborn infants? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 03:03 PM PDT submitted by /u/DrunkenShitposter [link] [comments]

Do bees hibernate or migrate for the winter? And how do they keep track of seasons? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 12:12 PM PDT Additional question, how do I get rid of them? The showed up in my backyard over the last few days. submitted by /u/rebelyis [link] [comments]

Would this matter to energy converter work in principle? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 05:37 PM PDT http://imgur.com/iZiRHhv submitted by /u/Hoerdt [link] [comments]

When food goes 'stale' why do soft foods (bread) turn hard while soft food (crackers/biscuits) turn soft? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 10:40 AM PDT submitted by /u/phattoes [link] [comments]

Could finding the solution to the cause of hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) bring us closer to solving SUIDS, COPD, and Sleep Apnea? Posted: 13 Mar 2016 10:08 AM PDT Currently I am writing a speech about SUIDS (Sudden Unidentified Infant Death Syndrome) and while trying to understand the syndrome I came across research which suggests the inner ear as a more likely cause of SUIDS. Then fumbling around I found articles listing the same response as a cause for the other aforementioned afflictions. Additional field :Audiology submitted by /u/GrandLordThoth [link] [comments]

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