There is a video of a man folding a piece of paper with a hydraulic press 7 times. The 7th time seems to essentially break the piece of paper, what happened here? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, March 16, 2016

There is a video of a man folding a piece of paper with a hydraulic press 7 times. The 7th time seems to essentially break the piece of paper, what happened here?

There is a video of a man folding a piece of paper with a hydraulic press 7 times. The 7th time seems to essentially break the piece of paper, what happened here?


There is a video of a man folding a piece of paper with a hydraulic press 7 times. The 7th time seems to essentially break the piece of paper, what happened here?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 04:53 PM PDT

Does light lose energy when reflected?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 06:26 AM PDT

Objects that collide with another object lose energy. So, when a light beam reflects off a surface, does it lose energy? So, loss of energy would result in a decrease in speed.

submitted by /u/Mightyseph
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AskScience AMA Series: I’m Ed Boyden professor of biological engineering and brain and cognitive sciences at the MIT Media Lab and the MIT McGovern Institute, ask me anything!

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 12:27 PM PDT

Thanks everyone! The last hour was great, and I hope I answered some of your questions. You can find more about our work here: http://syntheticneurobiology.org/

I lead the Synthetic Neurobiology group at the MIT Media Lab. We develop tools for analyzing and repairing complex biological systems like the brain, and apply them systematically to reveal ground truth principles of biological function as well as to repair these systems. I also co-direct the MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering, which aims to develop new tools to accelerate neuroscience progress. I was awarded the 2016 Breakthrough Prize in life sciences for my work in the development and implementation of optogenetics, a technique in which scientists can control neurons by shining light on them. At MIT, I launched a series of classes that teach principles of neuroengineering, starting with basic principles of how to control and observe neural functions, and culminating with strategies for launching companies in the nascent neurotechnology space.

I earned my PhD in neurosciences at Stanford as a Hertz Fellow and graduated from MIT with a BS in electrical engineering and computer science and physics as well as a masters of engineering in electrical engineering and computer science.

submitted by /u/Ed_Boyden
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Evolution of receptors and agonists. Chicken or egg?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 02:25 AM PDT

Did receptors evolve before the chemicals that stimulate them? Or did the presence of the chemical (e.g. a hormone) cause cells to evolve receptors to respond to levels of the chemical?

I guess another way to put it would be did mutations in the genes for cellular products influence mutations in cell receptors to recognise the new products? Or vice versa.

Or was it some kind of co-evolution?

submitted by /u/thatguywiththatname
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Is it possible/does it exist, a compund that is transparent when it is over 0°C, but a vibrant color when under 0°C?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 06:59 AM PDT

I was looking at the window at a snowy day and the lack of color got me thinking. I wanted a paint that is transparent in the summer and very colorfull in the winter.

submitted by /u/drita247
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If you get a face transplant, does it age?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 06:28 PM PDT

I debated asking this on r/nostupidquestions, but I feel like there are more qualified people on here that can give me a good answer.

I just watched this video. A 41 year old got a 26 year old donor's face after an accident. Which made me wonder, would it ever age?

submitted by /u/livininacoconut
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Why is pentadecanol so much more expensive than hexadecanol?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 05:45 AM PDT

On Sigma-Aldrich, pentadecanol costs around 300 times more per gram than hexadecanol, despite having similar purities. Why is this?

submitted by /u/Haxld
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What happens on a molecular level when eggs coagulate and is it reversible?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 05:37 AM PDT

Why is tension independent of an object's length whereas compression is not?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 11:40 PM PDT

Hi guys. In my physics class today we did some compression and tension tests on materials and found that the change in length of a straight piece of wood changed how much compressive force you could apply to it before it broke. The longer pieces of wood could take less compressive force before snapping. Conversely, we found that it didn't matter how long or short a piece of wood is when it came to applying tensile forces. Why is this? Why is the tension in an object independent of length, yet compression seems to be amplified by length?

submitted by /u/Always_Question_Time
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Why doesn't rolling a die twice increase your chances?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:41 PM PDT

Ok, this might be a bit long winded but here goes. I've been taught since starting probability in middle school that doing something twice won't increase your chances if the starting conditions are the same. I understand that your chances won't increase on each singular attempt but wouldn't they increase overall. My thinking is as follows: the chances of rolling a 6 on a standard die is 1 in 6. The chances of 2 sixes in a row is 1 in 36 because 1/6 × 1/6 = 1/36. Taking this logic I said that the chances of rolling a not 6 is 5 in 6. The chances of rolling 2 not sixes in a row is 25/36 because 5/6 × 5/6 = 25/36 this means the chances of rolling a six in one of those times is 11/36. Therefore your chances of rolling a six if the die is rolled twice has gone up from 1/6 (6/36) to 11/36. Is this not correct? Thanks in advance for the help.

submitted by /u/Kingme121
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Where in Einstein's field equations (or other equations if needed) does gravity propagate at the speed of light?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:49 PM PDT

Obviously c is in the equation but it's in the denominator of a term, and it's to the fourth power. How does this translate into gravity propagating at the speed of light/causation? (Relatedly, is it significant that that term has 4 radial rotations about the circle in the numerator and c4 in the denominator?)

Is gravity's speed just assumed? Is it part of the stress-energy tensor and I just need to study that more closely? Am I looking at the wrong equation entirely?

submitted by /u/ktool
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How much of the specialized structures of our brain is genetic, and how much is developed from what's wired to particular parts of the brain?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 07:00 AM PDT

We know that different parts of our brain have specialized functions, such as visual processing, auditory processing, speech, language, muscle coordination, etc. Two ways this development can happen are:

1) The details of the function are described within our genetics.

2) The specific parts of our brain start out as general pattern machines, and whatever input/output is wired to a part of the brain trains that part of the brain to perform the function we need over time.

I would assume it has to be some combination of the two, particularly since many animals start out at birth able to walk or see to some extent. On the other hand, we have cases of humans who gained sight after being blind from birth, and their visual sense has severe limitations.

So, what do we know about how the specialization of brain function develops?

submitted by /u/nairebis
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What limits the height at which something can fly?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 07:11 AM PDT

Birds, insects, planes, etc. all seem to have a glass ceiling as to how high they can go. Why?

submitted by /u/remynwrigs240
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Do animals get joint injuries like humans do from excessive running/exercise? Why are we so prone to it?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 04:09 AM PDT

Injuries are fairly common in running - one of our most basic forms of movement. This seems like evolution messed up a bit. Why is this? Do animals get injured as often as we do? If a cheetah is chasing its prey and lands a foot wrong, is that the cheetah out for 6 weeks while it recovers?

Furthermore, if a person has been a runner for their whole life, you can expect that the cartilage in their knees will be pretty much gone by age 50. Does this happen to other animals?

submitted by /u/jaydubs27
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What effects the chance of co-morbidity in mental disorders?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 06:13 AM PDT

I study Psych, and was always wondering, from my experience with patients and even myself, when someone has co-morbidity of learning disorders, they also seem to have mood disorders at the same time. For example, I have Dyscalculia and Dyslexia. I also have/had MDD and anxiety (SAD and GAD).

I was reading a study right now about how co-morbidity rate of learning disorders is around 40%. What causes this? I do know that learning disabilities can cause depression (being depressed because feeling like a failure, etc.).

I am just wondering if there is any biological link.

submitted by /u/TheTinyKitten
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Why do some people have photographic memory, yet a normal person without one can still remember a huge quantity of information, such as the meaning of hundreds and thousands of words? What's the scientific difference between those two types of memory?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:15 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 08:02 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How do muscles become hard when they are flexed?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 05:14 PM PDT

Is it possible to create sound waves without the vibration of a physical object like a speaker?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:20 AM PDT

Can a non-sex-chromosome condition present only in one sex of a family?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 10:35 AM PDT

After making contact with my genetic father recently, I've learned that his side of my family has a history of familial polyposis (FAP), but, according to him, "only in the women of the family." From what I've read, FAP is caused by mutations on chromosomes 1 or 5, so I can't figure out how only the women of the family would manifest this.

I'm going to get the genetic test no matter what, but I'm curious - is it possible for this to be sex-dependent?

submitted by /u/zelmerszoetrop
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The lowest recorded temperature is 10pK. To get to this temperature, one would need something colder than 10 pK, and so on. By this logic, the required temperature approaches absolute zero. How is this possible?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:59 AM PDT

How do delta receptors modulate mu receptors as they relate to analgesia?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 08:24 AM PDT

Title.

submitted by /u/Dw_Vonder
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Is it possible to react to a gunshot?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 12:45 AM PDT

Let me just set the stage. In many movies or shows somebody will be holding a gun at someone that has a gun on a hostage, if they shoot the hostage will be shot.

But is it really possible to react fast enough and pull the trigger before being hit by the bullet? I suppose there's a lot of variables here but I would think that there's no way somebody could react that fast.

submitted by /u/Catman933
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What does product moment of area mean?

Posted: 16 Mar 2016 04:21 AM PDT

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_moment_of_area#Product_moment_of_area

I get in Second moment of area matrix there is I_x, I_y which denote moment of area with respect to x and y axis and weight of that area component while bending through that axis. But what does the product moment of area mean?

submitted by /u/semester5
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So, it's said that basically everything may be contained in Pi. Does that not apply to all irrational numbers?

Posted: 15 Mar 2016 02:01 PM PDT

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