Pages

Sunday, March 6, 2016

How do we know the population of deep sea fish?

How do we know the population of deep sea fish?


How do we know the population of deep sea fish?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 05:45 PM PST

People bring up that the bottom of the ocean is less known than the surface of the moon, and yet, when I go to the Wikipedia page for Frilled Sharks, I see that it's classified as 'near threatened'. How do we know the population of such a deep sea species well enough to term it 'near threatened'?

submitted by /u/rikudemyx
[link] [comments]

P-47 Thunderbolt Propellor Damage. What would this do in flight, if anything?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 03:09 PM PST

Hey r/askscience,

I saw this picture on another sub and was curious what effect this would have in flight, if anything at all. Also let's say, hypothetically, that if he could eject the damaged propellor blade, what effect would that have in flight also? Thanks! Here's the Picture: http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/176A8/production/_88521959_fre_009553.jpg

submitted by /u/rehwaldj
[link] [comments]

"Photons" of different EM spectrum?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 08:11 PM PST

If photons are particles of light (visible light? correct me if I'm wrong), do photon equivalents of x-ray or gamma exist?

submitted by /u/FTLSquid
[link] [comments]

Absent of some form of abuse, is asexuality scientifically supported as a fixed or innate condition?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 05:18 AM PST

Question 1: There's a substantial amount of evidence(as far as I know) that points to homosexuality as an enduring trait in humans based on either genetic or epigenetic factors. Does the existing research support the idea that asexuality works the same way? Most often, we might expect to see some practical version of this concept play out in eunuchs or those who have suffered some sort of abuse. Tumblr seems to invent sexual orientations out of thin air by tacking pre- and -suffixes together, many of which I imagine have no basis in science. Does asexuality work like this, or is there little evidence to conclude that it exists as an innate state?

Question 2: I've also seen a reasonable amount of evidence to support the "sexuality is fluid" conclusion. If the answer to question 1 is 'yes,' then would this also apply to those 'born asexual,' or would they be generally immune to sexual plasticity? Could someone who is asexual absent of environmental cause(if such a thing exists) become attracted to someone of the opposite sex? I greatly appreciate any and all qualified responses. :)

submitted by /u/SuperSelkath
[link] [comments]

How is lightning hotter than the surface of the sun?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 01:31 PM PST

And why doesn't it cause more damage to the surrounding area if it's that hot?

submitted by /u/v3ctorman
[link] [comments]

What does the theory of relativity say about earth's revolution (or any planets in our solar system) around the sun?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 11:54 PM PST

Do babies that are born via C-section have a lower immune system versus babies that are born vaginally?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 12:22 PM PST

From what I understand is babies born vaginally have bacterial flora introduced into their system when travelling down the vaginal canal. Because babies born via C-section are not exposed to this bacteria does it mean that they start out with an immune system that is not as strong? If so are there treatments that babies undergo to give them a boost?

submitted by /u/Untimely_TARDIS
[link] [comments]

Can two planets orbit each other eternally?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 06:53 PM PST

This is assuming they are alone in the universe. If they would eventually collide, why?

submitted by /u/Howzieky
[link] [comments]

After beta decay, what happens to the electron if it has very little (none at all) energy?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 02:00 PM PST

I am aware that electrons emitted during beta decay have a continous energy distribution with a sharp upper limit in the case that the antineutrino takes away none of the decay energy. What happens in the opposite case: the antineutrino takes away all of the decay energy, leaving none for the electron? Would it "stay" "inside" of the nucleus? What would happen to it in that case?

submitted by /u/sebasdf2
[link] [comments]

Is there a difference between people for what is considered "fever"? If so, how does this work?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 02:21 AM PST

As an example, I'm currently stuck at home with flu and have just measured my temperature to be 36.8°C. Technically, that's not really a fever yet, though I do feel like I have one (e.g. feeling cold with a very warm sweater on and ~20°C inside). At the same time, my girlfriend is feeling mostly fine and has a temperature of 37°C. According to her, it's warm in here and she's just wearing a t-shirt.

What's the science behind this?

submitted by /u/MrBlub
[link] [comments]

Can you "stop" a photon?

Posted: 06 Mar 2016 01:40 AM PST

Read about an experiment some time ago where the scientists succeeded in "stopping" a ray of photons in a crystal. Is this possible?

submitted by /u/hashtag26
[link] [comments]

If I were to chop down a 500 year old living tree and then radio 14 carbon date the center and outer rings, would the results be same?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 08:17 AM PST

I'm asking this question because I'm wondering just how accurate radiocarbon 14 date testing really is? Does living plant matter such as wood immediately start to decay as it forms or does the process start only after it dies?

submitted by /u/SwillFish
[link] [comments]

Will a solid eventually "evaporate" given sufficient time, like a liquid sitting at room temperature will?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 05:08 PM PST

I know that the molecules in, for example, room temperature water all have different energies. Some of the particles have enough energy to escape the liquid and phase change into vapour causing the overall mass of the liquid to decrease. Does this also occur with solids, albeit at a dramatically reduced rate? Do solids even have molecules at different energies in the same way liquids do?

submitted by /u/YimannoHaffavoa
[link] [comments]

Does momentum increase once top speed reached?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 01:26 PM PST

If someone is running and reaches their top speed, have they achieved their maximum momentum or does it continue to increase as they run (obviously reaching some limit)

Edit: I'm thinking along the lines if someone is trying to gain momentum for a long jump, would they actually go further if they take a longer run at it or once they reach their top speed, they're really not gaining anything.

submitted by /u/RyeGuyWpg
[link] [comments]

Why is the sound barrier an aerodynamic problem?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 09:00 AM PST

Vibrations we pick up as sound can only move so quickly through a fluid (air). Fair enough. But why does aerodynamics get so tricky at that same speed? Why is it difficult for physical objects to exceed? Why did transonic speed cause such odd control difficulties for old aircraft? Why is the sound barrier a barrier for more than just sound?

submitted by /u/ZMild
[link] [comments]

Is there a maximum theoretical strength that a material can have ?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 09:23 PM PST

Does air have a measurable surface tension?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 10:56 AM PST

Just curious if such a thing would be possible to measure or if it exists.

submitted by /u/Dannovision
[link] [comments]

How can we know so much about planets and bodies light years away, when we just learned new things about Pluto with the arrival of New Horizons?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 03:21 PM PST

I find it so wild that we can know things like there's a planet that gets as hot as 2,000 Fahrenheit and rains liquid glass 63 light years away, when it seems like the arrival of New Horizons to Pluto, within our own Solar System, has yielded knowledge of that detail. Even things as basic as its size were found to be incorrect upon close observation, but I'm supposed to believe NASA just knows what's going on on a planet 63 light years away?

I mean, I do believe them, and I trust them. It's just an odd disconnect for a dullard like myself that isn't as science-minded.

For reference, the planet I was talking about is HD 189733b.

submitted by /u/ragenaut
[link] [comments]

Probability behind a Plinko board?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 07:25 PM PST

realize that there is a Bell curve distribution pattern to a "wall-free" Plinko game. What I'm curious about is if there is a certain equation that is able to calculate the probability of a chip landing in a certain slot after X amount of rows. The type of Plinko board that I have in mind is one that looks like a triangle and one where the starting point of the chip is the top vertex of the triangle. (Picture of Plinko board attached) any input would be awesome.

submitted by /u/Jmoel
[link] [comments]

Would it be possible to calculate the spin of a round object; like a planet or an atom, by shinning a light at it and using the doppler effect?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 12:21 PM PST

Why are certain allergies more common than others?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 10:16 AM PST

I know many people who are allergic to: Nuts, Strawberrys, Cats.

But I've never heard of someone being allergic to Cucumbers for example.

Why are certain allergies much more common than others?

submitted by /u/g-six
[link] [comments]

Why can't an object escape a black hole if it's thrown in with a starting velocity?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 02:55 PM PST

Shouldn't the object get faster, pass the event horizon, make a sort of swing by, and leave the black hole again? (Assuming there is no friction).

submitted by /u/Jobarion
[link] [comments]

Does the surface area of water in a cup have the same curvature as the earth?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 10:17 AM PST

It seems like water would be pulled down to earth at a constant rate, leaving the water in a cup with the same curvature as the water in the oceans. Any truth to this thought?

submitted by /u/toatslol
[link] [comments]

Saturday, March 5, 2016

Does light that barely escapes the gravitational field of a black hole have decreased wave length meaning different color?

Does light that barely escapes the gravitational field of a black hole have decreased wave length meaning different color?


Does light that barely escapes the gravitational field of a black hole have decreased wave length meaning different color?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 04:08 AM PST

Why does eyebrow hair grow back when it's been shaved but stay at the same length otherwise?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 06:21 AM PST

Extensions: if eyebrow hair continues to grow then why at a slower rate? Does hair being cut accelerate hair growth anywhere else on the body? Thanks!

submitted by /u/theguy5279
[link] [comments]

Why do the mid-ocean ridges in this global seafloor map have horizontal lines running across them for basically their whole length?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 01:22 PM PST

Here is the map in question. I'm just trying to make sense of what I'm seeing here. I understand that these ridges represent boundaries between major tectonic plates, but I don't understand why they seem to be "hashed" all the way along their lengths with perpendicular lines hundreds of miles long. What would cause this?

submitted by /u/graaahh
[link] [comments]

Will ions across a membrane prefer to equalize concentration over equalizing charge?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 05:21 AM PST

Let's say that a container of water starts with six 1- ions on the left side and six 1+ ions on the right side. There's a membrane in the middle that only allows the positive ions to move through it passively (if such a membrane can exist).

At equilibrium, will there be three positive ions on each side, equalizing concentration, or will all six positive ions move over to the left side to neutralize the charge separation?

Edit: Clarification

submitted by /u/OpenSystem
[link] [comments]

Do the same areas of the brain 'light up' when we read a book versus listening to it?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 10:23 AM PST

Inspired by this post made by /u/b1rd from /r/Comics.

I also have a follow up question: How does listening versus reading pertain to the permeance of memory. I understand that we all learn differently, but what I'm more interested is the 'storage of the data' (and I guess accessing the data too).

submitted by /u/Masi_menos
[link] [comments]

Why is the L3 Lagrangian point unstable? How is it any different than the location of the smaller celestial body?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 12:28 PM PST

Surely the force of gravity acting on a an object in the Sun-Earth L3 would be completely dominated by the Sun and the earth would be almost "invisible."

What am I missing here?

submitted by /u/I_HATE_HAMBEASTS
[link] [comments]

Why are plankton such a large portion of the biomass in the ocean but not in freshwater ecosystems?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 12:08 AM PST

I can't imagine the salinity would make such a big difference to the survival of plankton. Yet plankton and filter feeding organisms that eat them are abundant in the ocean and barely present in freshwater systems. Why is that?

submitted by /u/NaturalViolence
[link] [comments]

In quantum mechanics is the Hamiltonian always equal to the total energy?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 02:12 PM PST

From classical mechanics, we know that the Hamiltonian is the total energy of the system if the following conditions hold (taken from Thornton and Marion 5th ed p.261):

  1. The kinetic energy must be a homogeneous quadratic function of the generalized velocity.

  2. The potential energy must be velocity independent.

Are there similar restrictions in place for quantum mechanics?

submitted by /u/DarkAvenger12
[link] [comments]

What is the math behind the microgravity on the ISS?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 07:27 PM PST

I've read that the reason astronauts are weightless on the ISS is because the centrifugal force is equal to gravity. Can anyone do the math to back this up?

submitted by /u/dokkuni
[link] [comments]

Could you apply enough pressure to water that it wouldn't move?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 10:04 AM PST

So I'm probably mixing up different concepts but here's my train of thought:

If you fill a bottle half-full with sand and shake the bottle the sand shakes. However, if you press down on the top of the sand and keep pressing while you shake the bottle, none of the sand will move separately. All the grains of sand will move as one.

If you were to somehow apply enough pressure to the surface of water, or any liquid, could you achieve the same effect?

submitted by /u/Syphyx
[link] [comments]

How can we differentiate fossils of species that are in the same evolutionary lineage?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 12:29 PM PST

If the features that differentiate Species B from Species A formed gradually over 200,000 years, what happens to all the in-between specimens, and how are they classified into group A or group B? Is it a question of which category they best fit into, or is it more clear-cut?

submitted by /u/boodacris
[link] [comments]

Why do lower frequency radio waves travel further in air?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 01:57 PM PST

I read somewhere that it's because of attenuation and diffraction but I'm not sure how that works. I'm talking about radio waves sent by WiFi and things like that and not AM waves sent over huge distances.

submitted by /u/SomewhatRapey
[link] [comments]

Why do I get 'car sick' when reading a book in a moving car?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 09:45 AM PST

What is the most accepted explanation on the state of the universe before the four fundamental forces split?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 06:11 PM PST

Since it occurred at 10-9 seconds, I'm aware that we have no observational evidence (yet.) But what is the most logical and accepted explanation of the universe before the four forces (gravity, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force and electromagnetic force) "split" and the natural laws came to be?

submitted by /u/vagina_vendetta
[link] [comments]

If low orbit like ISS' is enough to experience zero G, does it mean the gravity we experience on Earth is mostly due to the mass of the crust directly beneath us?

Posted: 05 Mar 2016 02:04 AM PST

What is the physical process behind nuclear receptor down regulation?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 10:18 AM PST

Wikipedia gives the following paragraph on the process on receptor down regulation:

The process of down regulation occurs when there are elevated levels of the hormone insulin in the blood. When insulin binds to its receptors on the surface of a cell, the hormone receptor complex undergoes endocytosis and is subsequently attacked by intracellular lysosomal enzymes. The internalization of the insulin molecules provides a pathway for degradation of the hormone as well as for regulation of the number of sites that are available for binding on the cell surface. At high plasma concentrations, the number of surface receptors for insulin is gradually reduced by the accelerated rate of receptor internalization and degradation brought about by increased hormonal binding. The rate of synthesis of new receptors within the endoplasmic reticulum and their insertion in the plasma membrane do not keep pace with their rate of destruction. Over time, this self-induced loss of target cell receptors for insulin reduces the target cell's sensitivity to the elevated hormone concentration. The process of decreasing the number of receptor sites is virtually the same for all hormones; it varies only in the receptor hormone complex.

I find it confusing in several ways. For starters,

.How does this work for a nuclear receptor? They exist in the cytoplasm. The above paragraph makes it sounds like enzymes int he cytoplasm are what degrades receptor hormone complexes. If that's the case, wouldn't nuclear receptors always be degrading?

.It vaguely mentions a "path for regulation." How does this work? I know increased levels of, say, estrogen would cause a cell to down regulate estrogen receptors. But HOW?

.It mentions how the rate of synthesis of receptors cannot keep up with their rate of degradation. Again, how does this work for nuclear receptors, and why does this result in a decreased level of transcription for whatever the receptor hormone complex binds to in the DNA? Surely, if there are so many complexes that the body is degrading the hell out of them and cannot replace them fast enough, there must be a maximum number working on the DNA. Even if there is a decreased concentration of receptors in the cytoplasm as a result, shouldn't the cell be cranking out whatever they code for at maximum capacity?

.It says over time the cell has reduced sensitivity to whatever ligand the receptor attached to. Again, how? I get that there are less receptors (I still don't understand how this happens specifically) but the instant everything inside the cell gets to normal, the receptors should up regulate and maintain homeostasis. How are they permanently desensitized?

submitted by /u/Jnicky69
[link] [comments]

Is it possible to integrate by parts with more than 2 parts, and if not why not?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 07:34 AM PST

Question about the effects of FTL on human body ?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 09:27 AM PST

Let's assume that a manned space ship is traveling toward a star located 1500 light years away with a speed of 0.99C.

Will time dilation limit the ability of the crew to be able to perform regular activities on on the ship such as eating food and exercising ?

submitted by /u/s0domist
[link] [comments]

Can the most acidic substance, fluoroantimonic acid, destroy prions?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 01:11 AM PST

I read that prions are very dangerous and very difficult to destroy. Even extreme temperatures don't affect them. Last I read that the only way to neutralize prions is to submerge them in bleach while at a certain pressure point. How about fluoroantimonic acid? Can it destroy prions?

submitted by /u/gminstrel
[link] [comments]

Friday, March 4, 2016

AskScience AMA Series: I’m David Johns, a doctoral student at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health. I study the scientific arguments around the controversial question of how much salt we should be eating in order to stay healthy. Ask Me Anything!

AskScience AMA Series: I’m David Johns, a doctoral student at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health. I study the scientific arguments around the controversial question of how much salt we should be eating in order to stay healthy. Ask Me Anything!


AskScience AMA Series: I’m David Johns, a doctoral student at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health. I study the scientific arguments around the controversial question of how much salt we should be eating in order to stay healthy. Ask Me Anything!

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 04:47 AM PST

Hi Reddit!

With my collaborators Ludovic Trinquart and Sandro Galea, I conducted an analysis of scientific reports and comments on the health effects of a salty diet. Our findings, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, reveal a sharp polarization between a group of scientists who support the hypothesis that population-wide reduction of salt intake will lead to improved health and those who believe the data are not convincing. In all, 54 percent of the reports were supportive of the hypothesis; 33 percent were not supportive; and 13 percent found the evidence inconclusive. A citation analysis found that papers on either "side" of the debate were more likely to cite other reports that drew a similar conclusion. Even as the scientific debate over salt continues, public health officials have enacted policies to lower consumption. World Health Organization guidelines recommend limiting salt intake.

In December 2015, New York became the first U.S. city to require chain restaurants to label foods high in sodium.

I will be back to answer your questions at 1 pm EST (10 am PST, 6 pm UTC) Ask Me Anything!

submitted by /u/MailmanSchool_AMA
[link] [comments]

Why is the black hole information paradox a paradox at all? Isn't "information" an entirely man-made concept with no reflection in reality? It's not a physical law or a description of any physical process.

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 09:51 PM PST

How big is the chance that 3 random people in a room share the same birthday, with those 3 people being the only one in the room? I just experienced this at work

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 04:29 AM PST

I'm trying to figure it out myself and all i can think of is 1/365 * 1/365 * 1/365 = 1/48627125.

But that cant be right? Considering the birthday paradox i'm guessing the chances are probably much higher

submitted by /u/meiuqer
[link] [comments]

Does cloud cover affect the power output of solar panels?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 04:20 PM PST

If cloud block the sun light, would electrical output fall to 0? would it stay the same because the UV radiation still goes through the clouds?

submitted by /u/Spillls
[link] [comments]

Why are most of the Ice age relatives of modern animals so large?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 01:28 PM PST

Animals grow large because the environment allows for it. I assume this means that food was plentiful during the ice age, yet the ice age seems an unlikely time for food to be more plentiful. Wouldn't the size of prehistoric animals be telling us that there was more food available than now since they were all much larger, requiring much more food?

submitted by /u/grease_thetrueword
[link] [comments]

GPS satellites work because they adjust for similar bending of spacetime to coordinate with systems on Earth. Why wouldn't they?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 02:45 PM PST

What possible errors could they make without this adjustment? I thought all they do is to point us direction or pinpoint our location. Why are they really concerned about time?

submitted by /u/oxycash
[link] [comments]

How do backyard animals, like birds and squirrels, tolerate each other to a point of ignoring each other's presence?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 10:26 AM PST

I've heard that we can't see the atom and will never be able to. Is that true? If so, why?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 10:14 PM PST

The exact phrase was "it's not about technology, we just can't see the atom directly and will never be able to, despite all the technology that is available to us now and will be available in the future".

submitted by /u/Rainforest_
[link] [comments]

We know many species of animals are now extinct. Are there any extinct plants in the world? How did they reach extinction?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 11:24 AM PST

If the vacuum of space is a poor conductor of heat, how do stars give off so much of it?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 01:23 PM PST

Mostly interested on if this principle could be used in spacecraft to get rid of excess heat?

submitted by /u/Psyladine
[link] [comments]

If I were in a helicopter during a very large earthquake, would I be able to see the seismic waves moving across the ground?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 09:56 AM PST

I don't think I would be able to, but I was thinking about it. Second, how large would it have to be in order to see the ground move from a normal helicopter flight?

submitted by /u/fusearms
[link] [comments]

How do birds survive when they migrate back to their home and its still snowing?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 02:00 PM PST

I mean of course they have less food options in the cold, but can their little fatless bodies handle the cold? I almost feel bad watching some of them struggle with the cold wind. :(

And if food shortage is really an issue couldn't humans just start leaving bird feed out during the winters?

submitted by /u/Mouthz
[link] [comments]

Are animals affected by fluctuations in living altitude in a similar way to humans?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 09:23 AM PST

I'm guessing that there are some animals that are specially adapted to living at high altitudes that could handle transitions fairly well, but what about those that aren't? For example, would a cat or dog that was born at sea level and then brought to somewhere like Denver or Mexico City experience shortness of breath or other symptoms of altitude sickness? Would they acclimate to the altitude, and if so, more or less quickly than humans? Would they also be vulnerable to edemas at even higher elevations?

And what about the reverse? Would a non-specially adapted animal from a higher altitude show greater physical fitness at lower altitudes than one that had lived lower its entire life?

submitted by /u/resurrection_man
[link] [comments]

How can super spicy peppers stop living organisms from growing?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 09:20 AM PST

https://youtu.be/tUbo25IrgZ8 at 4:45 its said that scorpion peppers are so hot that if they are infused with paint, and it stops things from growing on the bottom of ships. Can someone go into a little more detail about this?

Can any anamial actually use or live near where these peppers grow? Why are peppers made so hot? For defense, so the plant can live on, and how does being muy caliente actually stop life from growing.

submitted by /u/nocturnal111
[link] [comments]

At what moment does a tree "decides" to grow a new branch ?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 09:57 AM PST

When animals and humans grow, they follow a certain path, which is planned by their genome. But trees seems to be completely random. What mechanism "decide" to grow a new branch?

submitted by /u/jubalharsh
[link] [comments]

Do cross-eyed people see the world in double and learn to operate that way? Or does their brain learn to process the image correctly?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 08:37 AM PST

I assume it's the latter because I doubt anyone's eyes are 100% straight/aligned, but in that case - when a baby is born cross-eyed, do they already know how to correctly interpret images, or do their neurons have to learn?

submitted by /u/wingwingwehavadinner
[link] [comments]

As space expands in the standard model, are planck lengths expanding or being created, or, are planck lengths an arbitrary grid based upon and imagined over the smallest amount of spacetime as it itself expands?

Posted: 04 Mar 2016 12:50 AM PST

How do fish and other marine life sense temperature? [Biology]

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 11:16 AM PST

If reduced pressure lowers the boiling point of water, does increased pressure raise the freezing point?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 08:45 AM PST

As an irrational number, what makes pi different from all the other irrational numbers?

Posted: 03 Mar 2016 09:00 PM PST

People often say that irrationality is a special quality of pi so I was wondering why it's special.

submitted by /u/KimJongFunnest
[link] [comments]