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Tuesday, March 1, 2016

If Earth was oriented like Uranus on its axis, what sort of weather patterns would occur and how would it affect our seasons?

If Earth was oriented like Uranus on its axis, what sort of weather patterns would occur and how would it affect our seasons?


If Earth was oriented like Uranus on its axis, what sort of weather patterns would occur and how would it affect our seasons?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 07:55 PM PST

Why is it that when I look in a mirror without glasses on, the objects farther away are still blurry? Wouldn't the mirror just change everything to a 2D image?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 06:20 AM PST

To eliminate the need for an extra day every four years, why couldn't we just redefine the second?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 06:51 AM PST

Since we need (approximately) one extra day every four years to keep our calendar in sync with our orbit, why couldn't we just multiply (four years +1/ four years) 1461 / 1460 = 1.0006849315... to each existing second? After four years' time we'd be enough later to eliminate the need for the leap day, right? Obviously all GPS satellites/world clocks/etc would have to be adjusted but that seems like something that could be done. I know this is missing something but that why I'm here!

submitted by /u/probablyinahotel
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What is the probability of rolling at least one six with 6 dice?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 11:32 AM PST

My teacher states it is 98%, but he also says that it is way to advanced for us in 10th grade, that it would be a waste to teach it to us. Using the "easy" calculations as he calls it, I and the others find that the probability is roughly 67%. I've spent some time online, but I have failed to find something that supports his claim. I also ran a simulation multiple times with over 100000 throws, which all resulted in 65-68% probability in terms of the occurrence of in which one six appeared. I was just wondering if anyone can show me the correct calculation, and explain it (or link me to something that explain it for me.) Thanks a lot in advance:) Hope you understood my English and that you're able to help.

submitted by /u/PotatoPoweredBrain
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What exactly do we use some of the obscure micronutrients, like selenium, for?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 02:05 PM PST

I'm talking about things like copper, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, etc. Are they all enzyme cofactors? What do we use them for?

submitted by /u/UberMcwinsauce
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Would it be possible to somehow have an array of solar panels orbiting the earth, and then transmit the energy back for use?

Posted: 01 Mar 2016 05:39 AM PST

Do monkeys and other primates form callouses on their hands?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 10:27 PM PST

When I began weightlifting, I started forming callouses on my palms, and it was raw and hurt a bit before they formed. Do monkeys or apes also have to toughen their hands through use? It seems more extreme, given that they theb to be much more arboreal than we are, so their hands would experience much rougher surfaces.

submitted by /u/deltorax
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Why are acids corrosive on metals, and bases corrosive on organic material?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 05:38 PM PST

I don't understand how the amount of H+ ions determines what kind of material and substance can eat through.

submitted by /u/riceisnice54321
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What benefits does training at higher altitude, if any, confer upon someone when competing closer to sea level?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 08:14 PM PST

Originally posted this in /r/DenverBroncos but thought that you all might have more input into the physiology of it.

It's always a topic of discussion during Denver's home games that the opponent's offense/defense seem to look 'gassed' or more tired than usual when playing in Denver. I'm curious though if those benefits would also translate over into away games at regular elevation. I'm afraid I don't know much of the physiology behind it besides there being less oxygen at higher altitude, so are there tangible benefits to playing in Denver versus other places? How large a role could living/playing/training in Denver factor into the conditioning of the players on the team at or near sea level?

submitted by /u/omegaworkmage
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What are quarks(or any elementary particle) made of?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 09:25 PM PST

In Coulomb's Law, the proportionality constant k can be broken down into fundamental constants. Can the same be done for G in Newton's Law of gravitation?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 11:57 AM PST

What is happening on the molecular level when I stretch or compress a spring?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 03:20 PM PST

PS: What makes a material good out of which to make a spring?

submitted by /u/DArkingMan
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Why do isogrid structures use triangles rather than hexagons for the rib reinforcement shape?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 09:16 PM PST

I thought that a honeycomb pattern would be stronger than an equilateral triangle pattern. Is it simply a case of triangles work and are cheaper, or does the triangle have an advantage over the hexagon in aerospace (specifically spacecraft boosters and fuel tanks)?

submitted by /u/jcgrimaldi
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Can light ever become another state such as a liquid turning solid or as a gas?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 04:52 PM PST

how do black holes affect the event horizons of other black holes close to them?(re-asking this, didnt get answers last time)

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 11:46 AM PST

would two black holes close to each other have an area in the middle where gravity mostly cancels out, and thus grant us insight into the area that would normally be obscured?

submitted by /u/marpro15
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Does electronic data have weight?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 12:13 PM PST

What happens to the brain when someone "sobers up" after a event?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 12:21 PM PST

Every time you hear someone say "that sobered me up" or an event happens that "made me sober". Does the body actually purge the effects of the alcohol/THC?

submitted by /u/Rappican
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Does Time Dilation Affect the Formation of Black Holes?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 01:07 PM PST

When a star collapses and forms a black hole, is the collapse affected by time dilation as the black hole forms from the material of the dying star?

Could the original star whose collapse formed the black hole still be collapsing? Is it possible little to none of the material in the black hole ever actually makes it to the gravitational singularity?

submitted by /u/the_other_brand
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At which 'alcohol by volume' percentage does alcoholic beverages become diurietics?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 09:31 AM PST

In other words, if stranded on a deserted island with nothing but beer / wine / liquor, how much volume-% alcohol can it contain for me to keep drinking it without die of thirst in the end?

I assume there's a rough cut off somewhere, considering coffee ain't a diuretic as commonly believed; you actually gain fluid for every cup you drink.

submitted by /u/Ballongo
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Why is it that, a train wistle 3 miles North of me sounds about as loud as me talking, yet someone 1 mile South of me can also hear that train, but can't hear me talking?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 08:47 AM PST

Is there some property of sound waves where they can lose their loudness, yet still travel far? Could I generate a sound that was no louder than me talking, yet could be heard from a mile away?

submitted by /u/Grintor
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Monday, February 29, 2016

Does a laser beam cast a shadow?

Does a laser beam cast a shadow?


Does a laser beam cast a shadow?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 07:28 AM PST

Do "opposite" emotions (e.g., happiness/sadness) occur through regulating one set of neurons up and down, or through independent groups of neurons?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 09:55 PM PST

To further explain, I can see two ways that opposite emotions like happiness/sadness and anger/calm could occur.

Option 1: There is 1 set of "happiness/sadness" neurons in our brain. These neurons might fire in one pattern (let's just say more often for simplicity) for happiness, and for sadness they might fire in a different pattern (let's say less often). Happiness/sadness is determined by the "quantity" of firing in these neurons.

Option 2: There is one set of neurons that fire to regulate "happiness", and another set of neurons that fire to regulate "sadness". There could be overlap here, but overall happiness/sadness is determined by the set of neurons of firing.

I do understand some of the basics about valence and intensity, but essentially I'm trying to figure out if one would expect opposing valence to create "opposite" effects on the brain.

submitted by /u/harvman11
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Would the trans-atlantic cable still be in existence?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 06:30 PM PST

It was laid so long ago, Has anyone looked for it? Is it too deep or the currents moved it? Or has the saltwater corroded it into dust? Sorry if this may not be a suitable question for r/askscience

submitted by /u/Palmer1997
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At the source, how big were the gravitational waves/ripples in spacetime created by the black hole merger we witnessed?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 04:05 AM PST

I understand that much of its initial energy had dissipated by the time it reached Earth, but I'm trying to get a sense of the scale of these ripples when they were initially created.

Can anyone provide some sense of scale of the original waves given the kind of event we witnessed?

submitted by /u/evilregis
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Is the iron lost through daily use of cast iron cook ware enough to supplement one's diet with?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 06:47 PM PST

If you cook daily with cast iron skillets, will it contribute noticeably to your iron intake?

submitted by /u/sandersfangirl
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Do water droplets oscillate naturally and, if so, what amplitude and frequency do they oscillate at?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 06:22 AM PST

So I have had an idea for a while now that I have recently started to explore properly and I am having trouble distilling the information out there into the information that I need. Since we have such a good variety of experts then maybe someone already knows what I need.

Suppose you have a droplet of water or other aerosol, if unperturbed it should sit as a sphere with the pressure and surface tension in balance. If it is then perturbed it will oscillate I assume in shapes according to spherical harmonics.

I know that if you have a charged droplet (e.g. Millikans oil drops) then you can force these oscillations by the application of an alternating electric field.

However, if no driving force is present do they still oscillate? As in imagine you sprayed some perfume and as it hangs in the air are the droplets oscillating or still?

In terms of a single droplet, if they do oscillate then at what frequency do they oscillate? Is there a preferred mode(s) from an arbitrary perturbation (in terms of power spectrum)? Does that mode have a set frequency?

Lastly, what are the typical amplitudes of any oscillations? I assume there must be a limit where the droplet would become droplets but are they deforming in terms of radius by 1% 10% 100%?

Any help (or useful discussion) would be greatly appreciated!

submitted by /u/Robo-Connery
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I know that Hawking radiation has never been detected, but if we were to attempt to detect it, what would we expect it to look like?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 06:51 PM PST

How do materials absorb/reflect more than one range of EM wavelengths?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 09:19 PM PST

There's no single wavelength or range of wavelengths that corresponds to pink/magenta. Green pigments would have to absorb two different ranges of wavelengths (red and blue) and I can't understand how that works. Also, what happens to wavelengths outside the visible range? Do most coloured objects (not white or black, which reflect or absorb everything) absorb or reflect UV, IR, etc rays?

Either way, it still confuses me. If the default is to reflect, how can a pigment that absorbs two separate ranges exist, while reflecting light in the middle (green). If the default is to absorb, how can a pigment that reflects two different ranges exist, while absorbing light in the middle (pink)?

submitted by /u/LeviAEthan512
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Can all software be reverse engineered--how can you run a program and not be able to see its source code?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 11:26 PM PST

Does quantum mechanics prove that god rolls dice or is it just a mathematical model of something more deterministic going on underneath?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 10:04 PM PST

Why isn't the definition of a second changed so that leap years/seconds are no longer necessary?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 05:33 AM PST

They've edited other SI units to more accurately match updated understandings of the universe (kg, most notably) from my understanding, so I can't imagine it would be due to having to change formulas and calculations. Why can't they just change very slightly how long a second is so that we only need to make adjustments to our year once every 1,000 or 10,000 years?

submitted by /u/imbeethoven
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Is there any human perceptible difference between "zero G" in earth's orbit vs being in the middle of nowhere in the universe with almost no gravity?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:35 PM PST

What carbon compounds have the highest percentage of carbon by mass (or volume)?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 06:51 AM PST

I'm making a periodic table specimen collection. For carbon I could go with graphite, but I'm wondering if there is a carbon compound (a plastic, maybe) with a very high percentage of carbon (by weight or volume) that I might consider in its place. What are some examples of carbon compounds with the highest ratio of carbon by weight (or volume)?

submitted by /u/ididnoteatyourcat
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Is the value of Friedmann's density parameter known or able to be solved?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 01:39 AM PST

Are there any constellations in which stars have died but we are yet to see their death?

Posted: 29 Feb 2016 03:11 AM PST

Just to clarify, what I mean is whether any of the constellations contain stars that have died, but are far enough away that we are still seeing them as they were before their death?

Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/Airgiraffe
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What does a nuclear detonation smell like?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 08:59 AM PST

Other bombs smell like the materials which cause the explosion, e.g., napalm smells like gasoline and tnt smells like gun powder. With that in mind, what does a nuclear explosion smell like?

submitted by /u/BigMikeCassel
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When we carbon date items, how do we know how much carbon started in them?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:24 PM PST

What are the causal mechanism for carcinogens?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:49 PM PST

Do they share anything in common in terms of how they initiate cancer?

submitted by /u/Non-equilibrium
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Why does pressing the sharp edges of two knives together not create such high pressure and temperature that it fuses the edges together?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:49 PM PST

If I have two knives, and I put the sharp side together in an X shape and press the edges into each other with all of my strength, why does it not cause such a drastic increase in pressure, (very, very small area and conservatively moderate force) that almost reaches infinity, that the atoms at the edge get compressed and heat up to the point where they can melt together, which is only at 3000F. Surely my infinite applied pressure can cause a localized temperature increase to this degree?

submitted by /u/everylittlebitcounts
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Why do some people suffer mentally, when spending extended periods of time with other people?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 09:04 AM PST

Some people can spend time with others indefinitely, whilst others need to take time away, alone, to recharge or cool off.

Why is this a problem for some people and not for others?

submitted by /u/gefasel
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How does the immune system fight off viruses?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 10:25 AM PST

Sunday, February 28, 2016

Is there a limit to how high birds can fly? What's the determining factor?

Is there a limit to how high birds can fly? What's the determining factor?


Is there a limit to how high birds can fly? What's the determining factor?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 01:52 PM PST

Why do the melting points of linear alkanes form a zig-zag curve?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 08:45 PM PST

I'm referring to this graph where alkanes from methane, ethane, n-propane, n-butane, et cetera are plotted against their melting temperature. There is a general trend upward, but also a periodicity of two, where even and odd-numbered alkanes agree with each other, alternating between higher and lower than expected based on the trend alone. What explains this deviation from the general trend?

submitted by /u/superhelical
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Why are the charges of protons and electrons perfectly opposite to each other?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 01:39 AM PST

Why are internal alkenes more stable than their terminal counter-parts?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 01:58 PM PST

Recently, I saw that (E)-Pent-2-ene had a B.P of 36°C and Pent-1-ene had a B.P of 30°C, I checked a couple other alkanes and their alkene counterparts and saw that the trend continued.

I was wondering why this trend occured.

submitted by /u/8thPawn
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Why do electrons like to be in pairs? It's, well, weird that they do, yet it underlies all chemistry.

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 05:02 PM PST

I know that all reactions are essentially energetic electrons shuffling around into comfortable spots. The nuclei play their part too, but it's essentially just electrons that are the main actors in reactions.

Sometimes, a lone pair is donated (and received by the lewis acid); the comfortable position of the electrons between (or above) the electrons creates the covalent bond. And there the electron pair remains, as a pair.

Radical electrons are highly energetic, and the electrons act as they do in order to pair up with another electron; if that creates another radical, that's okay, since the reaction could be a simple back and forth of energy like Newton's cradle.

Orbitals are cozy spots for electron pairs. Nitrogen has a three half-filled p-orbitals; I sort of consider them to be quasi-radicals, since it is these that react in order to pair up somewhere. Oxygen has four p-electrons, one filled p-orbital, two half-filled orbitals; that single filled p-orbital isn't very reactive (or is it reactive at all? I'm not sure; my intuition is that the pair could be donated yet I've never seen a triple-substituted oxygen) (edit: Oh, H3O+ of course, but that's it) while the two half-filled orbitals are reactive, seeking an electron (let's say another one in a half-filled orbital) to pair up with. If oxygen were to react with oxygen, the two half-filled electrons in each molecule pair up, forming the double bond.

So as far as I understand chemistry, that's what happens—electrons bond into pairs, and it is this simple mechanic that underlies all reactions. It's all just shuffling pairs, radicals and quasi-radicals. But why does it happen? Electrons are negatively charged, so I'm assuming that there is another force that overwhelms the electromagnetic force. And it's only pairs too; electrons don't like to be in triples as far as I know.

I found this year-old thread asking the same thing, and the responses centered around the Pauli exclusion principle and quantum numbers, which seem to me to be no answers at all. I suppose I need more detail than what I found.

submitted by /u/EloquenceIsOverrated
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Why is induced seismicity from fracking a big deal?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 10:46 AM PST

I'm an undergraduate studying physics and geology, with some research experience in marine seismology, and I consider myself well off for how far I am in a career in seismology. What I can't seem to understand is why it's such a big deal that Oklahoma has been having these M4.0 earthquakes. Has it been hurting anyone? Have any buildings being damaged? Are they expecting bigger earthquakes to happen because of this?

From what I can tell, people are just freaking out that it's causing earthquakes in general, and not that it's doing anything bad. I'm just wondering if I'm missing something

submitted by /u/frisky_fishy
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Theoretical uses for antimatter?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 07:23 AM PST

Now assuming that we do find a way to efficiently produce or gather antimatter in large quantaties, what would be some potential uses for it? I know at our current state it is terribly inefficient with very little uses, but at a later state in the understanding of it what are some planned uses or rather theoretically possible uses for it?

submitted by /u/Archmagewinshu
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Can you Pavlov condition yourself to menstruate?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 01:21 PM PST

If you've had your period for a long time and have been doing the same thing every time you get it (I don't know what though) and only when you get it, is it possible to condition yourself to menstruate by doing that thing at other times?

submitted by /u/spicycabbage
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Standing on the other side of the world, would I have felt the Chicxulub impact?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 01:27 PM PST

I know that puts me in the Indian Ocean today and that the landmass was distributed differently 66 million years ago. I only mean hypothetically.

If Chicxulub's 4.2×1023 joule impact was too weak to feel, then how about the Vredefort or Sudbury impacts? What other immediate effects might I notice on the other side of the world? To what extent did any of these alter the world's spin, axis, or orbit around the sun?

BONUS: Discovery Channel simulation of an object 50 times larger than Chicxulub impacting the Pacific Ocean.

submitted by /u/splitmlik
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How does an aircrafts surface area affect it's flight path?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 01:51 AM PST

Hi, ok so for a paper aeroplane, if it's surface area was increased and it's mass/centre of gravity/launch velocity remained the same, how would it affect the flight path (displacement, hang time, max height etc). Wouldn't if have no effect as the drag would also be increased therefore cancelling out any gain in lift?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/ozvooky
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What is coulomb excitation and how is it used to analyse nuclear shapes?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 10:40 AM PST

Hi

I was reading about differently shaped nuclei, and that coulomb excitation is used to observe these shapes, and I haven't been able to understand it! Can someone explain what it is?

Also, does this method allow you to observe halo nuclei?

submitted by /u/blazar23
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Do larger smartphones have larger antennas and hence better wifi/cell reception?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 09:18 AM PST

Some engineer is probably going to cringe at this question, but it seems logical to silly old me. For example I have an iPhone 6+. Couldn't you fit a larger antenna in an iPhone 6+ than an iPhone 6? And wouldn't that make the wifi and cell service better?

submitted by /u/mikmikthegreat
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How deep can an open pit mine be?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 06:42 AM PST

Can a wide enough open pit mine reach the upper mantle?

submitted by /u/ngc2307
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Which sugars does the brewer's yeast metabolize?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:14 AM PST

Im talking about S. cerevisiae. Which sugars does it metabolize, during the production of beer, or when used to make bread.

Are there different strains, that are more efficient in each procedure?

submitted by /u/kouts5
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When we plot the TdS diagram for petrol engine, the s coordinate decreases during heat rejection( process 4-1). However, I thought entropy never decreases. Why the contradiction?

Posted: 27 Feb 2016 11:11 AM PST

Why are we so sure that Electron and Quarks and other elementary particles aren't made of anything else?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:37 AM PST

People thought for a long time that atoms were the smallest thing, their name even means that they aren't made of anything.

So why are we so sure that elementary particles are elementary and not made of anything else?

submitted by /u/TheGreyBearded
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[3D printing] What's the maximum penetration depth for using two-photon polymerization to direct-write 3D structures?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:28 AM PST

Say I wanted to use two-photon polymerization to fabricate 3D structures. Assuming I don't care about build times, how 'deep' can I penetrate into some arbitrary volume of photopolymerizable material?

Most of the literature I could find just talks about the smallest feature size the authors could achieve, but I couldn't find much about maximum depth. Anyone have any first-hand experience or some papers they could point me to?

submitted by /u/spiralingmadness
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How is amusia linked to other disorders?

Posted: 28 Feb 2016 02:01 AM PST

I conduct research on amusia(tone-deafness) and was hoping that some experts could elaborate on the connection of amusia with other disorders, just in case I've missed something.

submitted by /u/veritasvit
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