How do vaccine manufactures plan to test new COVID vaccines such as ones designed for the Delta variant now that a large portion of the population is vaccinated and those that aren't are hesitant to take approved vaccines? | AskScience Blog

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Friday, October 29, 2021

How do vaccine manufactures plan to test new COVID vaccines such as ones designed for the Delta variant now that a large portion of the population is vaccinated and those that aren't are hesitant to take approved vaccines?

How do vaccine manufactures plan to test new COVID vaccines such as ones designed for the Delta variant now that a large portion of the population is vaccinated and those that aren't are hesitant to take approved vaccines?


How do vaccine manufactures plan to test new COVID vaccines such as ones designed for the Delta variant now that a large portion of the population is vaccinated and those that aren't are hesitant to take approved vaccines?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 02:21 AM PDT

What makes a high, basic pH so dangerous?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT

We're studying pH in one of my science classes and did a lab involving NaOH, and the pH of 13/14 makes it one of the most basic substances. The bottle warned us that it was corrosive, which caught me off guard. I was under the impression that basic meant not-acidic, which meant gentle. I'm clearly very wrong, especially considering water has a purely neutral pH.

Low pH solutions (we used HCl too) are obviously harsh and dangerous, but if a basic solution like NaOH isn't acidic, how is it just as harsh?

Edit: Thanks so much for the explanations, everyone! I'm learning a lot more than simply the answer to my question, so keep the information coming.

submitted by /u/concerninglydumb
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How could an SSRI reduce the likelihood of hospitalization in people with COVID-19?

Posted: 27 Oct 2021 09:30 PM PDT

Apparently a recent Brazilian study gave fluvoxamine in at-risk people who had recently contracted COVID-19. 11% of the SSRI group needed to be hospitalized, compared to 16% of the control group.

[news article about the study]

What's the physiology behind this? Why would someone think to test an SSRI in the first place?

submitted by /u/Konstantynopolitancz
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If you're under a mountain, would the slight increase in gravity from being closer to the core be negated by the mass of the mountain above you?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 07:42 AM PDT

Had a student ask be this today.

submitted by /u/SamWise050
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If Coniferous trees are able to live year round without hibernating compared to Deciduous trees, why haven't Conifers taken over areas that go through seasonal change?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:33 PM PDT

I am well aware that Deciduous trees don't "die" when they hibernate in the Winter, but this thought came up when wondering how efficient Coniferous trees are at producing oxygen year round, non stop, compared to Deciduous trees.

Does it really just come down to climate, location, and evolution? I Haven't found any good information online for this so an explanation would help.

submitted by /u/Le_Rekt_Guy
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Does water count as boson, since it has even number of baryons and electrons?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 07:17 AM PDT

I've read somewhere that a boson is any particle with integer spin. And alpha particle is a boson too because it consists of an even number of fermions (in this case, proton and neutron).

So if any composite particle consists of even number of fermions, shouldn't water molecule count as boson too? Normal water has one 16-Oxygen and two 1-Hydrogens, so the baryons (which are fermions) are even, and the electrons (fermions too) are even too.

But there's nowhere said that water is a boson, so I must be wrong somewhere…

submitted by /u/Typhoonfight1024
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Does your brain hold all the memories of your life but only chooses to show you a few hundred, or does it overwrite itself, "painting over" the older memories with newer ones?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 12:19 PM PDT

Environmental Psychologists: Has research been done on how interior spaces with sharp vertices impacts mood/outlook? And/or, how would universally curved spaces in building interiors change human response on an individual/collective level?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 08:39 AM PDT

I have seen articles before alluding to the fact that people in some western cultures where "boxy" architecture is the norm produce different results on tests, but as far as I can recall, that was specifically with respect to our spatial understanding of the world and recreation of it through drawings rather than with respect to changes in mood or outlook.

Has there been any research on this latter front, and if so, what were some of the conclusions?

Thanks in advance for your expertise.

submitted by /u/shane_4_us
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When does velocity in lagrangian approach equals velocity in eulerian approach (fluid mechanics)?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 03:34 PM PDT

How dense is the plasma inside fusion reactors?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 12:55 PM PDT

How does one mathematically determine the trajectories of fission products and neutrons being ejected from induced fission of a singular Uranium-235 isotope and a neutron?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:30 PM PDT

In the wikipedia article on nuclear fission there is an animation demonstrating the two uranium masses coming into close proximity and a neutron hitting a Uranium-235 isotope and splitting into two fission products along two additional neutrons being ejected in different directions from the interaction. How does one mathematically determine the trajectories of these products and neutrons to accurately simulate nuclear fission? Does the attack angle of the initial neutron play a crucial role in determining these trajectories?

submitted by /u/spin_flip
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If we found carbon based, DNA, life on Mars, is it possible to determine an Earth / Mars origin?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 12:08 PM PDT

If carbon based life which encoded information using DNA or RNA was discovered on Mars very similar to Earth life. Would it be possible to determine if it had a lineage to earth life?

Even further… if it is possible to determine. Could we also determine which planet that life had its genesis? (Which life came first)

submitted by /u/andrewmclagan
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Trying to learn about ultrasound and I get that sound is reflected at an interface proportional to the difference in acoustic impedance between the two materials but what I can't find is a physical explanation for why that would be the case. Can someone help?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:57 PM PDT

I find it especially weird that it works in both directions equally, for instance nearly 100% of sound is reflected going from air to solid AND solid to air. Why??

submitted by /u/Depensity
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Is it possible to create gasoline from atmospheric carbon and water?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 04:24 AM PDT

If not why not, and if possible in theory, what are the practical hurdles?

submitted by /u/lksdjsdk
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Could a hypersonic reentry parachute be able to replace an ablative heat shield?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 11:12 AM PDT

Why does the flame of a lighter not combust the butane still in the lighter itself and explode?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 12:02 PM PDT

And if I hold a flame in front of a flammable aerosol, is there a chance of the can exploding in my hands?

submitted by /u/LuigiBamba
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What's the deal with waveguide modes?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:36 PM PDT

I know in rectangular waveguides you can have different TE and TM modes with cutoffs dependent on the specific dimensions of the waveguide, but is there any advantage to using a different mode?

For example, say you have a WR90 and you can transmit up to 18Ghz, that gives you five modes to work with: TE10, TE20, TE01, TE11, and TM11. Is there any reason you would pick one particular mode? And when you transmit at 18Ghz aren't all five modes propagating? If they are, can you pick out specific modes on the other end of the guide?

submitted by /u/Doctor_Space
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Do the large lakes of North America have a common geological/geographical origin?

Posted: 27 Oct 2021 06:34 PM PDT

When I was younger, me and my dad were looking at a map of North America, when he pointed out that a number of huge lakes - including Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Lake Athabasca, Lake Winnipeg and the Great Lakes - seem to cut an almost linear northwest-southeast slash across the continent. He wondered why that was. Now I do too. Is this just a coincidence, or is there a common link between them that causes them to do this? I know there was once a large glacial lake in the area, could that have something to do with it?

submitted by /u/Dattix
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What frequency do we experience as the loudest (same db level)?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:06 PM PDT

Why are ketones not consideres secondary aldehydes?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 06:13 AM PDT

When the hydroxy group from alcohols is on a carbon atom bonded to two other, the molecule is a secondary alcohol, If the carbon atom is bonded to one, or non in the case of methanol, it is a primary alcohol.

The difference here is analagous to the difference between ketones and aldehydes, so why aren't ketones secondary aldehydes?

submitted by /u/Rad_Knight
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What are Conditions correlated with lack of sunlight but not ameliorated by vitamin D supplementation?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 07:54 AM PDT

What are Conditions correlated to lack of vitamin D that are not ameliorated by vitamin D supplementation? I read somewhere once that there are conditions related to lack of sunlight exposure that are not ameliorated by vitamin D supplementation. In other words there are things that are caused by low sunlight exposure that are not related to vitamin D but are caused by something else that sunlight can effect. Does anybody know what these conditions are? Is anyone cognizant of the method of action in sunlight exposure that are functional in these conditions? The article was not clear and I have been dying to find out what they are.

submitted by /u/stylus2000
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How recently did we discover/understand evaporation?

Posted: 27 Oct 2021 04:06 PM PDT

Were people 10,000 years ago like, "Yo, Where did my water go?" What theories did we have about evaporation before we knew what was actually happening?

submitted by /u/freshggg
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What is the speed of the hot gases exiting the combustor of a jet engine?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 05:54 PM PDT

Are the hot gases from a combustor of a jet engine exiting at subsonic or supersonic speeds?

submitted by /u/dragonmidnight
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Difference between polymerase I and exonuclease?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 05:39 PM PDT

Biology student here. If pol I removes primers and proofreads, does that make pol I an exonuclease?

submitted by /u/vivi521me
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