Pages

Sunday, October 31, 2021

Do powerful space telescopes able to see back to a younger, smaller universe see the same thing no matter what direction they face? Or is the smaller universe "stretched" out over every direction?

Do powerful space telescopes able to see back to a younger, smaller universe see the same thing no matter what direction they face? Or is the smaller universe "stretched" out over every direction?


Do powerful space telescopes able to see back to a younger, smaller universe see the same thing no matter what direction they face? Or is the smaller universe "stretched" out over every direction?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 08:36 AM PDT

I couldn't find another similar question in my searches, but I apologize if this has been asked before.

The James Webb telescope is poised to be able to see a 250,000,000 year old universe, one which is presumably much smaller. Say hypothetically it could capture an image of the entire young universe in it's field of view. If you were to flip the telescope 180° would it capture the same view of the young universe? Would it appear to be from the same direction? Or does the view of the young universe get "stretched" over every direction? Perhaps I'm missing some other possibility.

Thank you in advance.

submitted by /u/Damnaged
[link] [comments]

If salt raises the boiling temp of water, is there additive that will let water freeze at a higher temp also?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 08:21 PM PDT

Is SARS-CoV-2 more infectious/contagious than regular coronaviruses before the emergence of COVID-19?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 03:53 AM PDT

So there are a lot of different coronaviruses but SARS-CoV-2 is quite more deadly than the regular coronaviruses which usually just gives mild upper respiratory tract disease.

I was wondering if regular coronaviruses are just as contagious as SARS-CoV-2 or that they are similar.

submitted by /u/b2q
[link] [comments]

Why does cold welding only happen to metals?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 08:32 PM PDT

Fair warning– I am not an engineer, scientist, or otherwise bearer of technical expertise! So if a simple explanation is possible, it would be much appreciated. Anyway, here's my question:

I've known for some time about the phenomenon of cold welding, where two pure pieces of the same metal will spontaneously fuse/weld when in contact in a vacuum because there's no oxidation layer to keep them separated. But why does this just happen to metals? Why doesn't this happen to other crystalline structures? Especially since those other crystalline structures don't oxidize to begin with.

submitted by /u/d_zed
[link] [comments]

What features of an aircraft and the aircraft's engine allow an aircraft to supercruise at supersonic speeds?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 12:31 AM PDT

How do mammals that dive deep into the ocean such as seals and whales not get decompression sickness?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 06:38 PM PDT

A human dives to a depth of 1500 ft and has to spend hours resurfacing so the nitrogen in their blood does not bubble. Does a sperm whale have to take the same amount of time ascending from depth or do they have physiological mechanisms to mitigate that?

submitted by /u/DaFancifulShark
[link] [comments]

How did phyla emerge rapidly following the Cambrian explosion?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 09:17 AM PDT

Following the Cambrian explosion, phyla began developing relatively rapidly: within 6-10 million years. What drove such fast emergence of biodiversity?

submitted by /u/Warm-Sheepherder-597
[link] [comments]

Uranium turns into lead, but there's still uranium. Why?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 03:09 AM PDT

I guess this is more a shower thought, but I'm curious as to the answer. Its my understanding that uranium eventually turns into lead. So if all the uranium that was going to exist on the earth had been here since Earth's formation, it should be all be lead by now? But there is still uranium to be found. So... Why? Are there processes that occur within the earth to create new sources of elements, or were the 'conditions just right' to preserve the uranium from decaying into lead? I guess this applies to most ores. I'm just wondering if they all came at the formation, or if Earth can make more of some of them with processes like how coal becomes diamonds. If all uranium was uranium at the start of everything, I would think it should be lead by now.

submitted by /u/Reasonable-Bath-4963
[link] [comments]

Are there any forces that get stronger the further away something is?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 04:41 PM PDT

Gravity for example gets stronger the closer two objects are. Do any forces have the opposite effect?

submitted by /u/alxne6
[link] [comments]

Can proteins be converted to fats in the body?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 11:55 AM PDT

My biology teacher explained that since proteins are made of C, H, O and N the body cannot convert it to fats or sugars since they're made out of C, H, O and the body cannot break that bond. That means that technically eating only protein will make it impossible to gain weight but how is that possible?

submitted by /u/puplelily3
[link] [comments]

What causes the sun (and other stars) to fire out coronal mass ejections?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 01:28 PM PDT

When did blood evolve into existence?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 10:30 AM PDT

Bonus questions: 1) do all animals have blood? 2) of animals that have blood, are there instances where the blood is a color other than red?

submitted by /u/houndofthesea
[link] [comments]

How can there be Ice in Jupiter if it's so warm?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 11:42 AM PDT

Hey all,

So I've been reading up on gas giants for my DnD campaign. One article on Jupiter said that 'the planet's core is made up of layers of metals and rocks, along with methane ice, ammonia ice and water ice' (https://www.space.com/6164-jupiter-core-big-thought.html). Searching for more information on methane ice, I found that 'methyl clathrates are molecules of methane that are frozen into ice crystals. They can form deep in the Earth or underwater, but it takes very special conditions, with high pressure and low temperature, to make them.' (https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/frozenground/methane.html).

But as far as I understood, while there is a ton of pressure at the core of Jupiter, it's also disgustingly warm. So how can there be ice there?

submitted by /u/JonoNexus
[link] [comments]

What triggers the trees to change the colour of their leaves before they fall in autumn?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 11:05 AM PDT

Is it temperature or daylight duration? What is the signalling pathway?

submitted by /u/nikolakis7
[link] [comments]

I recently read through Gerta Keller's criticism of the Chicxulub impact extinction theory, and I was wondering - what made Chicxulub so much more lethal than comparable impactors, such as the asteroid that made the Manicouagan basin?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 10:14 PM PDT

Was it something about the specific geology of the Yucatan as opposed to Quebec and the locations of other comparable impactors, or was it the combined effect of Chicxulub and the Deccan Traps, where comparable impactors hit during relatively calm and stable periods of the climate?

submitted by /u/InterplanetaryCyborg
[link] [comments]

Why were cesium atoms used as the gold standard for telling time?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 01:00 PM PDT

Why does the exposed tree bark of a rainbow eucalyptus changes colour when exposed to air?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 02:07 AM PDT

Rainbow eucalyptus gains it rainbow like colour, due to the exposed tree bark (naturally bright green) that changes to various colours(purple,blue,orange,etc) when exposed to the air. Google searches doesn't go into detail why. any help is greatly appreciated. Physics related answers are preferred but any answers are welcome :D

submitted by /u/Hefnium
[link] [comments]

What is the difference between the Trewartha climate classification and the Koppen-Geiger classification?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 09:01 AM PDT

This question came to me while I was looking at these two climate maps of the USA and comparing them to Europe. What struck me as odd is that in the Trewartha map, the middle US has a climate class of Do which is found in western Europe but in the Koppen map, the middle and southern (eastern side) US is all Cfa which is rarely found in Europe.

For reference this is what I was looking at:

Trewartha: http://www.city-data.com/forum/weather/2472963-climates-go-against-their-koppen-classification-3.html

Koppen: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification#/media/File%3AKöppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map.png

PS: I'm quite new to this subreddit and I don't know what I'm doing.

submitted by /u/Soviet_Arthropod36
[link] [comments]

What amount of mm wavelength microwave radiation from the Sun reaches Earth's surface?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT

I thought this would be a really easy google search, but turns out it wasn't simple. I'm trying to figure out the amount of radiation that reaches the ground from the Sun in terms of wavelength and power so that I can compare it to what's used for the 5G wireless network.

That's around 24-48 GHz, or 6mm-1.2cm wavelength. Power will probably be in watts per meter squared.

Any info on this or leads to follow so that I can come up with parts of the answer would be greatly appreciated!

submitted by /u/Rhannmah
[link] [comments]

Why can we not put plastic eating bacteria in the ocean to help clean the plastics?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 06:40 AM PDT

We found a species of bacteria that eats plastic, why can't we put it on the plastic pollution and help get rid of it?

submitted by /u/Otterboxz79
[link] [comments]

Saturday, October 30, 2021

What is different about kids’ biology that the COVID vaccine requires special testing for younger ages?

What is different about kids’ biology that the COVID vaccine requires special testing for younger ages?


What is different about kids’ biology that the COVID vaccine requires special testing for younger ages?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 09:20 PM PDT

The science behind the vaccine seems to be non-age-related. Do kids not produce antibodies fast enough or something?

submitted by /u/mhk98
[link] [comments]

Do space launches account for the flight path of existing satellites?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 07:44 PM PDT

As more satellites are launched into space I would imagine that there is an increased risk for collisions. Is there a map of current satellites as well as space junk?

submitted by /u/GetnLine
[link] [comments]

How do transistors act as amplifiers?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 10:19 AM PDT

I understand how they can Bernabè like switches, but how do they behave like amplifiers? What exactly do they do to have this characteristic?

submitted by /u/YoungKing_00
[link] [comments]

Can you get botulism from eating honey if you're taking antibiotics?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 04:56 PM PDT

I believe that some antibiotics kill the friendly bacteria in our guts that prevent the bacteria that cause botulism from growing?

submitted by /u/AngryAndCrestfallen
[link] [comments]

What is the correct definition of latitude and longitude?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 06:39 PM PDT

I was taught that latitude and longitude are coordinates, those two words essentially mean two numbers for each point on the planet, or two set of measurements as national geographic puts it. Then, in addition to these words, there are two more: "parallels" - lines of *equal* latitude, and "meridians" - lines of *equal* longitude.

Now the kids are in school and I was surprised to see how latitude and longitude are introduced and explained. They say that "latitude is a line" that divides the Earth horizontally, and "longitude is a line" that divides the Earth vertically. Essentially confusing latitude for a "parallel" and longitude for a "meridian". Additionally, youtube is full of similar explanations.

What I see especially confusing is that latitude is a measure of how far from the equator, measured "vertically", but explanations say it is a horizontal line, so the kids' brains get short-circuited.

So what is right, is there a mix in terminology?

submitted by /u/amnezzia
[link] [comments]

Can x ray see inflammation and itchiness?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 11:46 PM PDT

Why does the word for mum start with an M in almost every language?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 10:40 PM PDT

How do maglev trains move and stop?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 07:53 PM PDT

I understand electromagnetism, I'm more curious how the actual magnets are laid out.

The way I imagined stopping would be magnetic "speed bumps", a strong charge opposite of the charge at the front of the car which would stop as soon as the car passes over, so it only slows the train down instead of also pushing it forward.

Is a system of magnets turning off and on depending of the location of the train correct? Or are the rails somehow always active? How does the train actually move and not just get stuck on the strong attractive charge if the rails are constantly on?

I've seen some very simple diagrams that didn't explain well or at all really

submitted by /u/bullish_taco
[link] [comments]

Friday, October 29, 2021

How do vaccine manufactures plan to test new COVID vaccines such as ones designed for the Delta variant now that a large portion of the population is vaccinated and those that aren't are hesitant to take approved vaccines?

How do vaccine manufactures plan to test new COVID vaccines such as ones designed for the Delta variant now that a large portion of the population is vaccinated and those that aren't are hesitant to take approved vaccines?


How do vaccine manufactures plan to test new COVID vaccines such as ones designed for the Delta variant now that a large portion of the population is vaccinated and those that aren't are hesitant to take approved vaccines?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 02:21 AM PDT

What makes a high, basic pH so dangerous?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT

We're studying pH in one of my science classes and did a lab involving NaOH, and the pH of 13/14 makes it one of the most basic substances. The bottle warned us that it was corrosive, which caught me off guard. I was under the impression that basic meant not-acidic, which meant gentle. I'm clearly very wrong, especially considering water has a purely neutral pH.

Low pH solutions (we used HCl too) are obviously harsh and dangerous, but if a basic solution like NaOH isn't acidic, how is it just as harsh?

Edit: Thanks so much for the explanations, everyone! I'm learning a lot more than simply the answer to my question, so keep the information coming.

submitted by /u/concerninglydumb
[link] [comments]

How could an SSRI reduce the likelihood of hospitalization in people with COVID-19?

Posted: 27 Oct 2021 09:30 PM PDT

Apparently a recent Brazilian study gave fluvoxamine in at-risk people who had recently contracted COVID-19. 11% of the SSRI group needed to be hospitalized, compared to 16% of the control group.

[news article about the study]

What's the physiology behind this? Why would someone think to test an SSRI in the first place?

submitted by /u/Konstantynopolitancz
[link] [comments]

If you're under a mountain, would the slight increase in gravity from being closer to the core be negated by the mass of the mountain above you?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 07:42 AM PDT

Had a student ask be this today.

submitted by /u/SamWise050
[link] [comments]

If Coniferous trees are able to live year round without hibernating compared to Deciduous trees, why haven't Conifers taken over areas that go through seasonal change?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:33 PM PDT

I am well aware that Deciduous trees don't "die" when they hibernate in the Winter, but this thought came up when wondering how efficient Coniferous trees are at producing oxygen year round, non stop, compared to Deciduous trees.

Does it really just come down to climate, location, and evolution? I Haven't found any good information online for this so an explanation would help.

submitted by /u/Le_Rekt_Guy
[link] [comments]

Does water count as boson, since it has even number of baryons and electrons?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 07:17 AM PDT

I've read somewhere that a boson is any particle with integer spin. And alpha particle is a boson too because it consists of an even number of fermions (in this case, proton and neutron).

So if any composite particle consists of even number of fermions, shouldn't water molecule count as boson too? Normal water has one 16-Oxygen and two 1-Hydrogens, so the baryons (which are fermions) are even, and the electrons (fermions too) are even too.

But there's nowhere said that water is a boson, so I must be wrong somewhere…

submitted by /u/Typhoonfight1024
[link] [comments]

Does your brain hold all the memories of your life but only chooses to show you a few hundred, or does it overwrite itself, "painting over" the older memories with newer ones?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 12:19 PM PDT

Environmental Psychologists: Has research been done on how interior spaces with sharp vertices impacts mood/outlook? And/or, how would universally curved spaces in building interiors change human response on an individual/collective level?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 08:39 AM PDT

I have seen articles before alluding to the fact that people in some western cultures where "boxy" architecture is the norm produce different results on tests, but as far as I can recall, that was specifically with respect to our spatial understanding of the world and recreation of it through drawings rather than with respect to changes in mood or outlook.

Has there been any research on this latter front, and if so, what were some of the conclusions?

Thanks in advance for your expertise.

submitted by /u/shane_4_us
[link] [comments]

When does velocity in lagrangian approach equals velocity in eulerian approach (fluid mechanics)?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 03:34 PM PDT

How dense is the plasma inside fusion reactors?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 12:55 PM PDT

How does one mathematically determine the trajectories of fission products and neutrons being ejected from induced fission of a singular Uranium-235 isotope and a neutron?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:30 PM PDT

In the wikipedia article on nuclear fission there is an animation demonstrating the two uranium masses coming into close proximity and a neutron hitting a Uranium-235 isotope and splitting into two fission products along two additional neutrons being ejected in different directions from the interaction. How does one mathematically determine the trajectories of these products and neutrons to accurately simulate nuclear fission? Does the attack angle of the initial neutron play a crucial role in determining these trajectories?

submitted by /u/spin_flip
[link] [comments]

If we found carbon based, DNA, life on Mars, is it possible to determine an Earth / Mars origin?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 12:08 PM PDT

If carbon based life which encoded information using DNA or RNA was discovered on Mars very similar to Earth life. Would it be possible to determine if it had a lineage to earth life?

Even further… if it is possible to determine. Could we also determine which planet that life had its genesis? (Which life came first)

submitted by /u/andrewmclagan
[link] [comments]

Trying to learn about ultrasound and I get that sound is reflected at an interface proportional to the difference in acoustic impedance between the two materials but what I can't find is a physical explanation for why that would be the case. Can someone help?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:57 PM PDT

I find it especially weird that it works in both directions equally, for instance nearly 100% of sound is reflected going from air to solid AND solid to air. Why??

submitted by /u/Depensity
[link] [comments]

Is it possible to create gasoline from atmospheric carbon and water?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 04:24 AM PDT

If not why not, and if possible in theory, what are the practical hurdles?

submitted by /u/lksdjsdk
[link] [comments]

Could a hypersonic reentry parachute be able to replace an ablative heat shield?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 11:12 AM PDT

Why does the flame of a lighter not combust the butane still in the lighter itself and explode?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 12:02 PM PDT

And if I hold a flame in front of a flammable aerosol, is there a chance of the can exploding in my hands?

submitted by /u/LuigiBamba
[link] [comments]

What's the deal with waveguide modes?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:36 PM PDT

I know in rectangular waveguides you can have different TE and TM modes with cutoffs dependent on the specific dimensions of the waveguide, but is there any advantage to using a different mode?

For example, say you have a WR90 and you can transmit up to 18Ghz, that gives you five modes to work with: TE10, TE20, TE01, TE11, and TM11. Is there any reason you would pick one particular mode? And when you transmit at 18Ghz aren't all five modes propagating? If they are, can you pick out specific modes on the other end of the guide?

submitted by /u/Doctor_Space
[link] [comments]

Do the large lakes of North America have a common geological/geographical origin?

Posted: 27 Oct 2021 06:34 PM PDT

When I was younger, me and my dad were looking at a map of North America, when he pointed out that a number of huge lakes - including Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Lake Athabasca, Lake Winnipeg and the Great Lakes - seem to cut an almost linear northwest-southeast slash across the continent. He wondered why that was. Now I do too. Is this just a coincidence, or is there a common link between them that causes them to do this? I know there was once a large glacial lake in the area, could that have something to do with it?

submitted by /u/Dattix
[link] [comments]

What frequency do we experience as the loudest (same db level)?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 01:06 PM PDT

Why are ketones not consideres secondary aldehydes?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 06:13 AM PDT

When the hydroxy group from alcohols is on a carbon atom bonded to two other, the molecule is a secondary alcohol, If the carbon atom is bonded to one, or non in the case of methanol, it is a primary alcohol.

The difference here is analagous to the difference between ketones and aldehydes, so why aren't ketones secondary aldehydes?

submitted by /u/Rad_Knight
[link] [comments]

What are Conditions correlated with lack of sunlight but not ameliorated by vitamin D supplementation?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 07:54 AM PDT

What are Conditions correlated to lack of vitamin D that are not ameliorated by vitamin D supplementation? I read somewhere once that there are conditions related to lack of sunlight exposure that are not ameliorated by vitamin D supplementation. In other words there are things that are caused by low sunlight exposure that are not related to vitamin D but are caused by something else that sunlight can effect. Does anybody know what these conditions are? Is anyone cognizant of the method of action in sunlight exposure that are functional in these conditions? The article was not clear and I have been dying to find out what they are.

submitted by /u/stylus2000
[link] [comments]

How recently did we discover/understand evaporation?

Posted: 27 Oct 2021 04:06 PM PDT

Were people 10,000 years ago like, "Yo, Where did my water go?" What theories did we have about evaporation before we knew what was actually happening?

submitted by /u/freshggg
[link] [comments]

What is the speed of the hot gases exiting the combustor of a jet engine?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 05:54 PM PDT

Are the hot gases from a combustor of a jet engine exiting at subsonic or supersonic speeds?

submitted by /u/dragonmidnight
[link] [comments]

Difference between polymerase I and exonuclease?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 05:39 PM PDT

Biology student here. If pol I removes primers and proofreads, does that make pol I an exonuclease?

submitted by /u/vivi521me
[link] [comments]