What was on the other side of the world when Pangea was around? | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, July 8, 2021

What was on the other side of the world when Pangea was around?

What was on the other side of the world when Pangea was around?


What was on the other side of the world when Pangea was around?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 04:30 PM PDT

So the biome of water changes as we get farther away from shore. Coastlines have different organisms than the middle of the ocean. Seemingly the farthest "out to sea" you could have ever been on this planet is while Pangea was just formed (unless there were other land masses on the other side of the planet).

Do we know what the ocean was like at the farthest point from land back then? Where would that point be now in relation to current continent placement? Or would it have long since subducted away?

submitted by /u/lookyonderatthat
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Are there any basic elements that we are running out of?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 10:51 AM PDT

I was curious, with all the expansion, and massive production across the globe, are there any basic elements that are become harder and harder to find? If so, are there any of those elements that can be manmade to act as a substitute?

submitted by /u/ConsciousJudge9627
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Wouldn’t cemeteries contaminate ground water like landfills do with lechate?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 07:07 PM PDT

Is the fossil history of plants as detailed as it is for animals? What are some of the cool plants that have gone extinct?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 05:18 PM PDT

How do complex technical skill gets inherited? Is it in the DNA?

Posted: 08 Jul 2021 12:47 AM PDT

How can the skill that is required build complex structures like bird nests be inherited?

I have been watching a show about prehistoric hand axes. They appeared some 2 million years ago and after some early development they remained unchanged for at least 800 000 years. Also these hand axes weren't simply functional. Many of them are way too large and elaborate to be functional. Many of them shows no sign of use at all.

The host of the show theorised that they may had been the result of some inherited trait, similarly as some species of birds create unique complex decorated nests generation after generation. Early hominids may had the compulsion to create elaborate hand-axes to prove their biological fitness. In case of hand axes 800 000 years and thousands of miles of separation makes it very unlikely to be simply cultural development.

What inheritable traits that can result maintaining such complex behavior over such vast stretch of space and time?

submitted by /u/lyesmithy
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Do hair and nail supplements actually work?

Posted: 08 Jul 2021 12:38 AM PDT

My aunt is asking for recommendations and I had a google search asking if they actually work, and the results showed that they may increase nail thickness but unless you're not well nourished, they won't make much difference. But I'm hoping someone from this community might be able to share some information or sources? Aside from my aunt looking for recommendations, this has been something I've wondered about before. Thanks for any help (:

submitted by /u/Rae_Bear_
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How does a cicada create its sound?

Posted: 08 Jul 2021 12:43 AM PDT

And also, is it true that cicada that are singing will die within 24 hours?

submitted by /u/nickoskal024
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Can anyone tell me the difference between hoarfrost and rime? And which one might you see in a futuristic cryogenics plant?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 07:02 PM PDT

I'm trying to write a story where there is a futuristic cryogenics prison. It's really cold inside. I'm not sure about the thermodynamics of the whole place, but it's soft science fiction so we'll roll with it. Would you expect to see one kind of ice forming on the walls vs. another?

submitted by /u/nibsspacecowboy
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Why are breakthrough cases of COVID-19 milder in vaccinated people?

Posted: 08 Jul 2021 06:02 AM PDT

Most (all?) COVID vaccines work by building up the immunity against the spike protein to prevent the virus from entering the body cells. This is the explanation that I always see when I read about vaccines.

Based on studies and real-life data we know that vaccines are up to ~95% effective against getting COVID symptoms and some people will still have breakthrough cases. Those cases will be milder and very rarely lead to hospitalization.

But if the vaccine only helps to prevent the virus from entering the body, why are breakthrough cases milder? The vaccine doesn't provide immunity against the pathogen inside the virus itself, right?

submitted by /u/Iekei_ramen
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Does the age of a parent increase likelihood of autism?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 02:18 PM PDT

My dad has 7 children. Four of us, ages 16-22, are from the same mom and neurotypical. The other three, two from one mom and one from another, have autism. The oldest of them was born a few years after the youngest of my full siblings. I'm wondering if his age is the reason for my half siblings being born with autism?

submitted by /u/snotking666
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(Marine Bio Question!) Of the various types of mantis shrimps, is the peacock mantis shrimp the only one with the sort of ‘punch’ attack?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 10:05 PM PDT

Was watching many videos on mantis shrimps, they're so graceful! And seemingly quite intelligent. However there're larger varieties of the ones featured in the video, which are always peacock mantis shrimp, which also isn't the largest of the species. So I was wondering, did some googling, but didn't find any comments about if other mantis shrimps have the same boxing ability. Are the bigger ones such as the striped mantis shrimp, able to hit enemies/prey in a similar manner?

submitted by /u/Aqua2d
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COVID testing and variants: what’s involved in the processs? How/when does testing change?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 08:51 PM PDT

There is little I can find online that explains the mechanics of how Covid testing works and how it changes.

Here's my layman understanding of what happens at a very basic level. Please correct this. Effectively, a Covid test takes a sample that may contain rna segments from actual sars-cov-2 virus and tries to match it against small sub segments of known sars-cov-2 rna sequences that have been chosen to make them unique to sars-cov-2. If you find a matching sequence (sequences?), you have a positive result. Find none, and you have a negative result.

This FDA notice I found makes it clear that genetic variations can lead to false negatives. That is, there's been enough genetic drift that the sequences we're looking for don't exist in some variants.

I've got some questions:

  • Are the test sequences chosen for a generic test chosen from an area of the genome where we expect little drift?

  • How are the sequences for the variants chosen? My state publishes information on variants. I have to assume that most Covid testing isn't testing for all the variants my state is listing. How are those sequences chosen and how many Covid tests today look for just a yes/no on Covid vs identifying a variant of the answer is yes?

  • Finally, new variants are being identified and the variant mixture in a locale is constantly changing. I've got to assume Covid tests need to go through some time of regulatory process. Given the rapidity of the changes, what does that regulatory process look like? Plus, once the regulatory hurdles are surmounted what's the turn around time in the production process to get an updated test out?

submitted by /u/ljapa
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Do T Cells kill non-dividing cells when they become infected?

Posted: 08 Jul 2021 12:29 AM PDT

Do T Cells kill non-dividing cells when they become infected? If they do, doesn't it mean that each time a person gets a viral infection, a portion of their limited non-dividing cells (eg brain neurons and muscle myocytes) get permanently destroyed? Wouldn't this mean that with each subsequent cold you get, the amount of muscle myocytes you have gradually decreases and you become weaker?

submitted by /u/czj10
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How do space blankets work? Does the plastic film insulate heat or is it just the reflective aluminum?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 04:56 PM PDT

Like can the aluminum be placed onto any material? Or is the plastic film necessary?

submitted by /u/KatlynMagana
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How can the same note sound completely different to me depending on the preceding notes? What is going on in our brains?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 11:30 PM PDT

I was playing with my ukulele an I noticed that if I play different preceding notes, the same note will sound 100% different.

why does G4 in: C5, B4, G4

Sounds completely different than D4#, D4, G4

?

It is literally the same note but sounds completely different. How?

submitted by /u/Panzercannon03
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Is the back set of propellers on a contra-rotating setup feathered differently from the front set?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 07:38 PM PDT

To me this makes sense as the airspeed at the back set would be different from the front set as the air is sped up by the front set

submitted by /u/TuftedCat
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Why do equal numbers of hydrogen and oxygen atoms occupy the same volume at room temperature?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 08:58 PM PDT

When I was a kid we did the water electrolysis experiment where you capture the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in separate containers.

Something always bugged me about it and I never had the courage to challenge the teacher with this question.

The teacher said to notice how the hydrogen gas container had twice the volume of hydrogen as the oxygen container because the water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

My understanding is that hydrogen is much smaller than oxygen, so why does it occupy the same volume when stored as a gas at room temperature?

submitted by /u/Singular_Thought
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When a compound is found to cause cancer in mice, can it be inferred that it would also cause cancer in humans and most mammals?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 04:07 PM PDT

Are there biological differences that the compound may not cause cancer in humans, or is it just a matter of studies not having been done with humans on such a compound yet?

submitted by /u/MedleyOfAbsurdity
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What are the differences between the sputnik vaccine and the J&J?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 03:40 PM PDT

The ingredients are the same, even the adenovirus.

submitted by /u/Morrisparadise
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By what mechanism, if any, do amphetamines target receptors in the prefrontal cortex - as opposed to other regions?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 11:08 AM PDT

Oversimplifying the premises but:

- I remember reading that adhd may stem from low baseline levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex.

- I also recall hearing a less rigorous hypothesis, which states that brain regions are competing to be put into action (by the ganglia) through their respective dopamine levels.

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With this in mind, are there any specific properties of amphetamines that triggers dopamine receptors in the prefrontal cortex more than dopamine receptors a more primal part of our brain?

submitted by /u/andyecon
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Has there been an increase in crime since COVID restrictions started lifting?

Posted: 07 Jul 2021 05:37 PM PDT

I saw a study in Nature that said crime dropped when things shut down. I'm wondering if the reverse is true now that restrictions are mostly lifted. There's a lot of speculation on Google but I haven't seen anything scientific. I also realize it might be too early to ask this question - I was just wondering.

Also I'm not sure which flair to use so sorry if it's the wrong one.

submitted by /u/king-onomatopoeia
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