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Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Why do people with Down Syndrome look the same/very very similar?

Why do people with Down Syndrome look the same/very very similar?

Why do people with Down Syndrome look the same/very very similar?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 10:28 AM PST

I feel somewhat bad for asking this question, obviously I know they are all unique but they do seem to share very similar facial characteristics.

submitted by /u/Rapioo
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How exactly did knights in full suits of armor actually go about killing eachother?

Posted: 31 Dec 2019 02:01 AM PST

What makes certain things bounce and what are the factors that determine if an object is "bouncy"?

Posted: 31 Dec 2019 02:07 AM PST

Why is the continental shelf brake at ~450' below sea level uniformly worldwide?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 02:29 PM PST

How do high air temperatures (>50degrees C) affect the epicuticular wax on pine and spruce needles? Will the effects lead to moisture loss in the plants?

Posted: 31 Dec 2019 02:21 AM PST

Is it possible for 2 separate species to eventually evolve into the same species again?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 10:21 PM PST

What are the effects of fiber on the absorption of fructose?

Posted: 31 Dec 2019 01:24 AM PST

What effect does consuming fiber have on the absorption of fructose by the liver? Does the fiber just slow the process down by diluting the fructose in your stomach or is there another mechanism in play?

submitted by /u/VankoSiropa
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What kind of carabineers are used in space walks?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 10:13 AM PST

Do they have to account for how cold it is in space? Are they speciality made? Could I take some used for rock climbing and use them for a space walk?

submitted by /u/spbingham
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Does lift depend on the distance from the ground ?

Posted: 31 Dec 2019 03:01 AM PST

I saw a picture of the largest diamond pit mine in the world, in Russia, with text claiming that it is so large and so deep that helicopters flying over it drop, as if sucked in. To what extent does lift depend on the ground (apart from the ground effect) exhibited by flying close to the ground or water surface)?

Here's one of the sites reporting that helicopters flying over the pit get sucked in:

https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/mir-diamond-mine

I had learned that lift has been demonstrated to come primarily from mass flow diverted downward by a wing or rotor, and to a much lesser extent by the Bernoulli effect. If this is so, lift should not change if a helicopter flies over a huge pit mine.

Is the pit mine helicopter-sucking story real? And if so, how does that work?

submitted by /u/Berkamin
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How did species survive in the days just after the K-Pg Extinction event?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 09:26 AM PST

The K-Pg Extinction event (aka the Chicxulub impact, widely known as being the impact that killed the dinosaurs) "devastated the global environment, mainly through a lingering impact winter which halted photosynthesis in plants and plankton" (Wikipedia). And yet numerous different species, the ancestors of all organisms today, somehow pulled through.

How, exactly, could anything survive this? How did plants survive without sunlight, or animals survive without anything to eat? I can understand scavenging for days and weeks on dead plant matter and decaying cadavers, but how was this sustainable for months and years? I just don't get what the means of survival were for long enough for the dust clouds to subside and photosynthesis to resume.

Thanks for any insight.

submitted by /u/tannhauser_busch
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Can we filter gametes for genetic defects and use them for IVF?

Posted: 31 Dec 2019 01:41 AM PST

I think that altering embryonic human DNA is illegal (based on coverage of that Chinese doctor who was recently convicted), but even if that's true for embryos AND gametes, maybe it's legal to just filter them.

Is that possible with today's technology? And if we could filter out defects, could we filter for desirable genes?

submitted by /u/LeoRidesHisBike
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About the matter and antimatter imbalance. Is it possible that anti matter galaxies exist beyond the observable universe?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 06:44 AM PST

It is often said that humans and chimps share ~99% of their DNA. How is this calculated?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 10:19 PM PST

I am not asking how they gather this data. Rather, is the percentage calculated by base pairs, codons, or individual genes? (E.g. Amount of different base pairs divided by the total amount of base pairs)

I'm wondering because this has a potentially significant impact on how the same data is presented. Lets say humans have 4 genes. If we take one normative human and one human with sickle cell anemia (a point mutation) if you calculate by individual genes their dna is 25% different. If you do it by base pairs they are virtually exactly the same.

I would assume that it is by codons, and I know that this seems relatively trivial and unimportant but the answer will change how I view these statistics.

Edit: spelling

submitted by /u/Ponji-
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How is it that some animals can go months without eating? Don't they get hungry?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 09:14 PM PST

Why do we squint when trying to see better?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 07:35 AM PST

How much evidence is there to support the idea that altruism in humans is innate?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 03:08 AM PST

Just saw this on reddit and it's really fascinating but I'm not sure how much the idea of innate altruism is supported. I once heard a biologist speak rather negatively of it. Is there any evidence that we actually are wired to help one another?

submitted by /u/Treygalle
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Does exercising a tongue make it bigger like other muscles?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 08:58 PM PST

"Regular" (for lack of a better term) muscles will get bigger and stronger when put through exercise like going to the gym but I was wondering, if you could for example lift weights with your tongue, would your tongue get bigger? Would it make any sort of change it?

submitted by /u/The-IT
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Monday, December 30, 2019

When a person gets into an accident of some sort and gets an open wound, that dirt, gravel, sand, etc. then goes into, how do hospitals clean the wound and stop infection?

When a person gets into an accident of some sort and gets an open wound, that dirt, gravel, sand, etc. then goes into, how do hospitals clean the wound and stop infection?

When a person gets into an accident of some sort and gets an open wound, that dirt, gravel, sand, etc. then goes into, how do hospitals clean the wound and stop infection?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 07:27 PM PST

Is there evidence that psychotherapy by a professional is effective compared to a control group in which the professional is replaced with a random person? Or with a book or similar text-based method?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 07:52 PM PST

Betelgeuse. I have read were it has finished burning hydrogen and passed to exclusively burning helium but we are not sure if it has started carbon burn (because neutrino signal too week to tell). But how do we know it moved to exclusively burning helium?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 01:03 AM PST

We know shell activity gives no conclusive information about core activity so most astronomers think the current change in luminosity is simply part of the regular dimming cycle. Does that statement of no conclusive information also extend to spectral analysis of the shell?

edit *yes, burn may not be the right term, but you know what I mean.

submitted by /u/GuangoJohn
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Why weren't these fossils cover by lava and ash?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 06:37 PM PST

We are told that the last eruption of Yellowstone's Super-volcano was 640,000 years ago. The Teton Range, which borders Yellowstone, started rising up from the plain some 9 million years ago. The Tetons are full of sea fossils and petrified wood. One boulder field in particular (which sits at at about 10,000 feet elevation) has thousands of visible fossils that are from the Cambrian period, which would have been deposited on the ocean floor some 2.5 billion years ago. My question is this: if the Tetons began their appearance 9 million years ago, and those fossils started at the bottom and were then forever on the top of the Teton Range, why were all of these fossils not covered by lava and ash during Yellowstone's last eruption? Could the Tetons be younger than suspected? Or did Yellowstone blow a lot longer ago than science tells us? Give me your thoughts/theories! I have asked this to geologists, volcanologists, and paleontologists, and none of them have had an answer.

submitted by /u/I-Fiddle
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How do computers/calculators find the square roots of numbers?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 08:10 PM PST

If you drop a ball at different strengths of gravity, how would their bounces compare?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 09:38 PM PST

Let's say you drop a ball on the moon and the earth with the same starting height, would they bounce back up to different heights?

submitted by /u/yarlow
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What happens when you test the intermediate axis theorem in 4 dimensions? Can it even happen, since there are two, or do they both rotate?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 01:41 PM PST

How does depth factor into magnitude of water particle motion in ocean waves?

Posted: 30 Dec 2019 01:34 AM PST

I have recently being trying to understand ocean waves, and the forces involved, here for starters.

If we imagine a shallow divider fixed in the ocean, as crudely shown below. Will the section of water confined in A, while being open to air above and water below, still rise and fall as normal? As I understand it yes.

What will happen if we extend the divider deeper towards the ocean floor, but not reaching it, will the motion of the water confined in A now change, and how?

~ ~ | — | ~~~~~~

 A

➡️wave direction

———————

submitted by /u/edwardsainsbury
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Can non-aquatic birds hold their breath, and if so for how long?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 04:49 PM PST

To narrow things down I'm specifically wondering if a starling could hold its breath for any period of time. I haven't managed to find any useful answers online which aren't specifically for aquatic birds. Sources would be appreciated as well if possible.

submitted by /u/B0nse24
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Why exactly does electroconvulsive therapy result in memory loss?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 11:47 PM PST

Are there arcs of a rainbow that are 'warmer' because they are refracting infrared light?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 01:58 PM PST

Rainbows obviously refract visible light at different wavelengths. I assume this refraction continues on the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum, including infrared light. My understanding is that infrared light is synonymous with heat. Therefore, would the area of a rainbow beyond the red arc, which would logically refract infrared light, be measurably warmer?

submitted by /u/1917-was-lit
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what is snot exactly? what's happening to my nose and respiratory apparatus during a cold?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 12:30 PM PST

what is snot exactly? where is it made? what's it purpose? why do I get it during a cold?

The way I "feel" it it's being secreted in my nasal cavities, but is it? My best guess would be it helps keeping the viral infection in my respiratory tract in check, is that correct? how exactly does it achieve that?

After I wake up I'm clogged with it, and it seems like it gets a bit harder and less fluid, it also changes color, from whiteish to yellowish, is it sitting in my nasal cavity and throat and "hardens" there?

when I blow it feels like it's reaching my ears, and then slowly trickels down again, is this what's happening?is it actually getting all the way to my ears?

If I suck it in instead of blowing it it then feels like a small portion of it actually gets in my throat, is that what's happening? that doesn't sound like it's a good idea to do, is it?

and what about the mucus that I cough up during a cold, is that the same as the snot I blow from my nose? that feels like it's coming straight from my lungs, is it?

submitted by /u/anthabit
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What does the Partition Function actually mean in a physical sense? Why does it contain all the information for the thermodynamical properties of the system?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 12:14 PM PST

I mean this from the perspective of statistical mechanics:

I get that the partition function is the "Normalization factor" of the probability calculation for the different states. But I don't get why does that mean that we can derive a system's energy, etc. so easily from it.

Is this just a result of some algebraic miracle (that somehow the calculation for the average energy by traditional methods coincides with the one using the partition function)? Or is there some deeper meaning to the partition function that makes it as useful as it is?

submitted by /u/pando93
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Why are high divers okay jumping into water from high up, but jumping off a bridge will kill you?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 12:39 PM PST

What ultimately causes a balloon to pop when a match is put up to it?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 07:04 PM PST

How do we know how far away something is?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 12:57 PM PST

I recently saw a post of a needle galaxy that's 50 million light years away. So how do we know that it's that far away?

Another question that comes to mind: Does light always travel in a linear path?

submitted by /u/YertIsXXL
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What is the frequency of light given off by an atomic bomb and what factors determine the frequency of light?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 08:46 AM PST

How are commercial scale cooked products made safe to store?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 05:53 PM PST

So it's pretty common knowledge that if you cook something like chicken, and leave it out on the bench at room temperature for a day or two, it may be dangerous to eat. If you refridgerate it, it's good for a few days, and if you freeze it, it can be good for a while.

I understand this is because dangerous bacteria live and breed in certain temperatures (I was always told 5-60c), and if you ingest a large enough mass of those bacteria, they'll mess you up?

I've read online that if you cook something yourself and freeze it, it'll stay good for up to 6 months. But if you go out and buy a frozen dinner from the supermarket, it usually has a use by date a year or two into the future.

The last few years the supermarkets around me have started to stock 'fresh' refridgerated meals, that don't come frozen. If I cook a curry or something and put it in the fridge, it can start to go bad after 4-5 days, but most of these supermarket meals have use by dates into the weeks, sometimes as high as 3 weeks.

Even more recently (like last month or so), I've started to see completely unrefridgerated versions of these meals. Things like chicken curries that have a use by date of 6 months (!!!).

So my question is, what technology do companies use to achieve these gains in the food storage space? I'm particularly interested about the unrefridgerated stuff, since it's appeared in my area recently. Has there been new advances in food science that the general public might not be aware of?

submitted by /u/gandalfintraining
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Did Ancient Scribes Suffer From Carpal Tunnel Issues?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 10:52 AM PST

Working on a keyboard/mouse can give us life-long injuries... I'd imagine working with pen/paper or stone/chisel as a job- they'd have some problems as well. Is there anything we know about that is mentioned in ancient texts about scribe's hand/wrist/arm being in pain from the job?

submitted by /u/odawg21
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Why aren't stents removed after some period of time?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 08:58 AM PST

When a patient gets implanted with stents, why arent the stents removed and why are they permanent. shouldn't the plaque buildup in the arteries have been broken down by then?

submitted by /u/Oxygenated1234
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Sunday, December 29, 2019

Are there any materials we know of that absorb visible light while letting through infrared light?

Are there any materials we know of that absorb visible light while letting through infrared light?

Are there any materials we know of that absorb visible light while letting through infrared light?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 05:28 AM PST

Does eating estrogen (like in soy) actually do something? I would think it just get destroyed in the stomach acid right?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 06:32 AM PST

What do they mean by the activity of ammonia is lower at low temperature?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 08:25 PM PST

On the Hach website, they say ammonia-ammonium equilibrium shifts towards ammonia as pH and temperature increases. I understand the pH part, but how does temperature affect this equilibrium? What do they mean by " lower or higher activity of ammonia"?

submitted by /u/Lalou639
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What objects has Pluto "failed to clear", and why has it failed to do so?

Posted: 29 Dec 2019 05:26 AM PST

Is the issue that it's so far from the sun and has such a massive orbit that it has not yet had time to clear all the asteroids and clutter that share a similar orbit? Given more time, is it likely inevitable that Pluto will become a planet? How many objects (roughly or precisely) does it have left to clear? Are they numbered/named? Is Pluto large enough to do so and simply hasn't, or is Pluto lacking some attribute (size/density/mass) that is causing it to fail to clear its orbit? What's the largest object that it shares orbit with?

submitted by /u/reduxde
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What would happen if one were to build a canal linking two rivers flowing in opposite directions?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 08:46 AM PST

Would the one with the stronger stream push the other? Would a lake be formed?

submitted by /u/Saramello
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Can some explain geologic province?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 06:41 PM PST

So I was world building and then I stumble on geologic province. So I look at the Wikipedia page and other websites and I still don't get it.

submitted by /u/aodenyo449
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What are the most popular theories for the origin of Supermassive-Blackholes?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 09:49 AM PST

I may be wrong, but I dont think I've came across an answer to this. My physics teacher told me in school that they were "just incredibly greedy blackholes that got larger over billions of years". But I always just found that answer extremely improbable. I just don't see how a normal stellar-mass blackhole could possibly become supermassive even over billions of years to accumulate matter.

I've always had the idea (im no physicist) that SMBHs are almost as old as the universe itself, and were created back when the universe was still extremely dense in the early universe - allowing for an extremely concentrated area of mass for any blackhole to feed on. And as the universe expanded, these SMBHs became the anchors which much of the matter clinged to - eventually becoming galaxies. But that was just my idea as a kid.

For real though, are there any new or promising research-teams looking into their origin? Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/darthdildo_
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Why do you see patterns and colours when you press on your eyes when they’re shut?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 07:55 AM PST

When you burn something what is left behind? In other words what is ash and why cant it be burned with the rest of the stick, leaf, etc?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 11:17 AM PST

Does a greater frequency of sexual (as in, vaginal) intercourse, say, four times a week, makes birth any easier than having sex once a week?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 08:12 PM PST

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Fehlurian_
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How can a portable power bank fully charge a phone?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 04:15 AM PST

Why wouldn't they just equalize?

submitted by /u/tirtaabimanyu
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When Betelgeuse goes nova, will is create a nebula visible to the human eye?

Posted: 27 Dec 2019 10:49 PM PST

What degree of stimulus is required to roust a hibernating animal? What process does the animal go through upon a sudden awakening?

Posted: 27 Dec 2019 10:13 PM PST

Do we subconsciously absorb things we are hearing but not listening to?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 12:24 AM PST

Like is all of that sort of memory stored in the same way we would see faces of people in our dreams we don't at all recognize, but they just happen to be one of the hundreds of people we've seen at a glance in crowds just logged into our memory.

Ik, kinda dumb question because it's probably obvious but what got me thinking about this was this old story: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2740708/amp/Aussie-man-wakes-coma-car-crash-speaking-MANDARIN.html

It's about a guy who had a brain injury from a car crash and woke up only speaking fluent Mandarin. The skill had came from what classes he had taken in school but never truly or fluently took with him after graduation, yknow like most people. Wondering if our brains indeed just absorbs 100% of everything we experience but just cannot unlock them.

submitted by /u/Guntmunch
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What ist a Dessert?

Posted: 28 Dec 2019 01:48 PM PST

According to the english Wikipedia, a desert is an "area of Landscape where little precipitation occurs". According to the german Wikipedia, a desert is defined by the lack of vegetation.

I feel like the definition by absence of vegetation makes more sense since it includes areas under water.

Edith: Desert, not Dessert.

submitted by /u/robotusion
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What is the physical memory of the brain encoded in and how does it work?

Posted: 27 Dec 2019 08:47 PM PST

I am curious to what the physical memory of the brain is encoded in. Computer images are done in Base 16 and data is transferred in base 2. How in the world does the brain store its information? How is it organized?

How come I have the inability to just scan through my memory? I can listen to a small part of a song and tell you what song it is from for tons of songs. However, I couldn't play back a single song from start to finish in my brain after hearing it multiple times.

submitted by /u/Leed_the_Fastest
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Why don't bears muscles atrophy when they hibernate?

Posted: 27 Dec 2019 03:36 PM PST

Like when people are bedridden or in a coma their muscles atrophy and we have to build them back up. Do bears go through the same processes after winter ends?

submitted by /u/cm0914
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