Megathread: buried lake detected near Mars's south pole | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, July 26, 2018

Megathread: buried lake detected near Mars's south pole

Megathread: buried lake detected near Mars's south pole


Megathread: buried lake detected near Mars's south pole

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 11:35 AM PDT

Radar data from the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft have revealed that a buried lake of liquid water could exist near the south pole of Mars. This lake would be around 20 km wide and 1.5 km under the surface. This discovery has been announced today by a cooperation of Italian researchers from various universities and laboratoires.

The history of water on Mars is complex but this could be the first evidence of liquid water still existing on the red planet. Several of our planetary science panelists will be in the comments to help answer questions you may have on this announcement.

More information on the topic:

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AskScience AMA Series: We have made the first successful test of Einstein's General Relativity near a supermassive black hole. AUA!

Posted: 26 Jul 2018 05:00 AM PDT

We are an international team led by the Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial physics (MPE) in Garching, Germany, in conjunction with collaborators around the world, at the Paris Observatory-PSL, the Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, the University of Cologne, the Portuguese CENTRA - Centro de Astrofisica e Gravitacao and ESO.

Our observations are the culmination of a 26-year series of ever-more-precise observations of the centre of the Milky Way using ESO instruments. The observations have for the first time revealed the effects predicted by Einstein's general relativity on the motion of a star passing through the extreme gravitational field near the supermassive black hole in the centre of the Milky Way. You can read more details about the discovery here: ESO Science Release

Several of the astronomers on the team will be available starting 18:30 CEST (12:30 ET, 17:30 UT). We will use the ESO account* to answer your questions. Ask Us Anything!

*ESO facilitates this session, but the answers provided during this session are the responsibility of the scientists.

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My mum had the question "Why don't the atoms of a liquid fall through the gaps between the atoms of the containers?"

Posted: 26 Jul 2018 07:30 AM PDT

If we say sharks as a species are roughly 400M yrs old, does this mean that sharks from back then could theoretically interbreed with today’s sharks?

Posted: 26 Jul 2018 12:18 AM PDT

If an astronaut "fell" from the ISS into space, at which speed would he go? And what could be his maximum speed?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 11:32 PM PDT

Sorry if it isn't really clear, English isn't my primary language.

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Do scientists and psychiatrists still agree that the right hemisphere of the brain is emotional and the left hemisphere is logical, or has this idea been debunked by recent research?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 09:41 PM PDT

What gemstones probably exist on other planets (and our moon) in the solar system?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 09:26 AM PDT

Are the ecosystems of areas with religion that enforce vegetarianism, like Jainism, different?

Posted: 26 Jul 2018 03:27 AM PDT

What can they tell us about how the Earth will look like in our probable vegetarian future?

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Is there a connection between "gut health" and anxiety/depression?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 07:33 PM PDT

I see the claim made by various MLM products that improving your gut health can help anxiety and depression. Putting aside the MLM supplements themselves (which I think are overhyped and of little use), has a meaningful correlation been found?

submitted by /u/adroitmonkeyhands
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Since glass doesn't oxidize like metal, why don't two pieces of very clean glass cold weld when pushed together?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 08:40 PM PDT

Do multilingual people have a slightly different personality associated with every language they speak?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 06:20 PM PDT

Would an Anti Neutron and a Neutron annihilate?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 05:24 PM PDT

And if they did, would there be any attraction between the two like there is between a positron and an electron?

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How are mice bred to model specific human pathophysiologies?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 01:57 PM PDT

Do the signals of multiple cones/rodes share the same pathway in the optic nerve?

Posted: 26 Jul 2018 12:18 AM PDT

My question was formed when looking into this picture.

The rightmost ganglion receives signals from 3 rods and a cone. Which would means the fiber starting from that ganglion would signal "on" on a mix of the cone's and the rods' signals.

This is not necessarily bad but it does change how "post-processing" in the brain would have to work. There is a difference between having ~1million signals of one of the cell types (L, M, S, R) and having to deal with signals that are a combination of those.

Just curious, does that kind of "promiscuity" of ganglion and/or bipolar cells actually exist? or was it just an oversight by the artist?

P.S. looking at numbers of cells alone there needs to multiple photosensitive cells connected to the same fiber since there are ~6 times more photosensitive cells than fibers. So the question is specifically about "cross-signals". Having 6 L cones connected to the same ganglion is a given, can we have a ganglion connected to 2 L, 2 M and 2 S cones? it seems to be inefficient from a "data processing" viewpoint, but the lower cost in "infrastructure" (the amount and organization of bipolar cells) might offset this.

submitted by /u/hidetzugu
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Is everyone connected with everyone else on Facebook?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 10:34 AM PDT

Could I connect through some number of friendship to anyone in the network or is it more fragmented than I imagine?

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Are there any contagious diseases that target gut bacteria specifically?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 10:33 PM PDT

Is there any one object in space (not counting structures like Nebulas and Galaxies) that has a diameter of at least 1 lightyear?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 05:21 PM PDT

Any monstrous black holes out there that have event horizons that big?

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Other than regulating pH (and providing a medium) what are the roles of buffers in gel electrophoresis?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 09:05 PM PDT

I've read that buffers are needed to generate an electric field such that the SDS-treated protein, or DNA, can move towards the cationic electrode. This seems strange, and I'd like to understand it better. Wouldn't the electrostatics between the cationic electrode and the DNA or protein be enough to pull the desired molecules through the gel? I understand that this isn't the case, but don't understand why.

Thanks so much for your time and help!

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There's steel reinforced concrete and there are metal foams. Are there metal foam concrete composites?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 05:16 PM PDT

How are conjugated diene p orbital lobes in multiple orientations at once (in accounting for their 4 MOs) if their pi bonds don’t have free rotation?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 12:45 PM PDT

I'm not sure if I'm just misunderstanding their representation on the diagram but I figured it'd be best to ask.

Conjugated Diene MO Diagram

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Does global warming on Earth affect the solar system at all?

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 10:03 AM PDT

How can entropy increase? / help me understand entropy

Posted: 25 Jul 2018 05:15 PM PDT

i've heard several definitions of entropy, but the first to make sense is wikipedias; entropy is a number that is derived from the number of microstates of a system with some math applied. if i understand what a microstate is, it's just a possible configuration, like a 10x10 grid with an object on 1,1, another microstate could be the object on 4,9.

given a finite system, how could the number of possible configurations ever increase let alone decrease? wouldn't it just be constant? the only way i see to change entropy is to change the scope of the system; if the grid shrinks to 9x9, the entropy drops from 100(+-math) to 81(+-math), conversely, if you increase the grid to 11x11, you get more possible configurations.

how does that work for the universe though? how can the total universal entropy increase if the number of things in hte universe is finite?

A fair bit of this is probably off. i've only ever seen entropy as a chart to memorize for chemistry, but i want to understand it. if that's too broad of a request i'd be happy with links to videos or articles that explain it

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