When the mars rover went to mars were they able to remove all bacteria and small life from it? If not could any of the bacteria be able to live in the harsh conditions of mars? And how do they obtain soil samples looking for bacteria if it could possibly be from the rover itself? | AskScience Blog

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Friday, May 4, 2018

When the mars rover went to mars were they able to remove all bacteria and small life from it? If not could any of the bacteria be able to live in the harsh conditions of mars? And how do they obtain soil samples looking for bacteria if it could possibly be from the rover itself?

When the mars rover went to mars were they able to remove all bacteria and small life from it? If not could any of the bacteria be able to live in the harsh conditions of mars? And how do they obtain soil samples looking for bacteria if it could possibly be from the rover itself?


When the mars rover went to mars were they able to remove all bacteria and small life from it? If not could any of the bacteria be able to live in the harsh conditions of mars? And how do they obtain soil samples looking for bacteria if it could possibly be from the rover itself?

Posted: 03 May 2018 07:48 PM PDT

What determines fat content in lab grown meat?

Posted: 04 May 2018 07:38 AM PDT

Say for example, beef is grown in vitro. Will you be able to get a steak of varying fat content (different degrees of marbling?) Will the fat content be similar to that of a new born cow? Will it be all protein? How do scientist control this, if at all?

submitted by /u/PinkSquirt
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Why Doesn't FM Radio Work At High Latitudes?

Posted: 04 May 2018 02:08 AM PDT

At latitudes north of 60°, frequency modulated radio is unreliable. FM signals become undecipherable at distances as low as 5km. Meanwhile an amplitude modulated radio signal of the same power level propagates beautifully. Why does this happen?

submitted by /u/Elodrian
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How did we "prove" either twin, cousin, or sexy primes are infinite without knowing precisely which one?

Posted: 04 May 2018 06:46 AM PDT

I saw Terence Tao say that if we combine the formulas used to determine the number of confirmed twin, cousin, and sexy primes, the result suggests an infinite number, implying that at least one of the prime types is infinite. Can anyone elaborate/explain/point me to some material on this? Fascinating stuff.

submitted by /u/Melquiedes
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Why did Physicist back then reasoned that "...atoms should give off a rainbow of colors as they do so."?

Posted: 04 May 2018 12:43 AM PDT

I was just reading this thing about the "History of Atoms" One of the things they mentioned was that when they were trying to argue Rutherford's model, one of their reasoning was:

"But there appeared something terribly wrong with Rutherford's model of the atom. The theory of electricity and magnetism predicted that opposite charges attract each other and the electrons should gradually lose energy and spiral inward. Moreover, physicists reasoned that the atoms should give off a rainbow of colors as they do so. But no experiment could verify this rainbow."

https://www.nobeliefs.com/atom.htm

submitted by /u/bruhbrahbruhh
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Is there some force that counters a particle that approaches light speed?

Posted: 04 May 2018 03:05 AM PDT

This may be ignorant but, if you apply a constant electromagnetic force on an electron in, say, the LHC, what keeps the electron's speed from increasing to infinity? Does a force start countering the electron?

submitted by /u/cheese_n_potato
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Can you tell which star is further away in the iconic Star Wars scene?

Posted: 04 May 2018 07:35 AM PDT

Tatooine Twin Suns

I was asked recently if I could tell which star was further away in this scene. I did not know if it was possible to answer that based on the picture alone. We can see one is more red than the other one. Does redshift/blueshift come into effect here? Or is the color more to do with the atmosphere? Can that play a significant role is judging an objects distance?

submitted by /u/bananabalm
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Can radiation move you in space?

Posted: 04 May 2018 06:54 AM PDT

Say there's an object floating completely still in space. Is it possible for EM radiation to directly move or rotate this object? In other words, can the photons transfer their momentum to the object and make it move or rotate? Would it make a difference if the radiation was emitted by the object vs it being expose to radiation?

And what about radiation from the decay of an isotope, like alpha particles? Since those are essentially nuclei, would they be more likely to move or rotate an object?

submitted by /u/SweatEagle
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How do we differentiate between memories of real life and realistic dreams?

Posted: 03 May 2018 04:25 PM PDT

Most dreams are pretty far fetched, but sometimes they are very realistic in the setting and plot etc. So throughout our lives, how are humans able to differentiate between what happened in a dream and what happened in real life?

submitted by /u/indescisive-bish
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If π is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, do aliens who live in a curved spacetime region have another value for π?

Posted: 03 May 2018 12:30 PM PDT

I know it is actually defined in Euclidean space but is there any reason why aliens in curved spacetime region would prefer that definition over their own space with it's own metric?

It also plays an important role in many fields of mathematics other than geometry (for example Fourier transformation), so how can aliens advance in mathematics if they have their own interpretation of π?

submitted by /u/ucusansinekler
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What's the difference between fermented and rotted foods? And how can you know when fermented food is unsafe to eat?

Posted: 03 May 2018 11:26 AM PDT

During the formation of mountain ranges, what determines what their shape will be?

Posted: 03 May 2018 02:44 PM PDT

When a mountain is formed from platonic activity, will that process create a predictable shape for the mountain? What during that process determines the mountain's size, whether its peak is flatter or sharper, how steep its slopes are, etc.?

And furthermore, are most of the deformations on mountains caused by erosion, or are there inherit deformations when a mountain is "born"?

submitted by /u/Baron_Sigma
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Why does the "third sound" occur in helium only?

Posted: 03 May 2018 08:27 PM PDT

I've been digging through Randall Munroe's What If blog, and came across this mention of the "third sound".

Wikipedia appears to call it "second sound," and only mentions it occurring in forms of Helium. Why is that? Is this still chemistry, even? Why doesn't liquid H behave similarly, or liquid N?

submitted by /u/rogert2
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Why is there no technetium on earth?

Posted: 03 May 2018 03:27 PM PDT

If elements lower than uranium can occur naturally why does technetium have to be made in a lab? Why wasn't it made with all of the other elements?

submitted by /u/Parnellium
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Have all of the natural isotopes in the universe been found?

Posted: 03 May 2018 03:31 PM PDT

I see this all the time for elements but not for isotopes specifically. Also. Can we create isotopes in a similar manner as we created the unstable elements by shooting them with alpha particles?

submitted by /u/novalavaly
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Why do some materials feel colder at the same ambient temperature?

Posted: 04 May 2018 01:13 AM PDT

Metal for example

submitted by /u/sorrydaveicantdothat
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Is all Quark-Gluon plasma the same?

Posted: 03 May 2018 01:11 PM PDT

So, I believe (but I may be wrong) that shortly after the big bang, there was the quark epoch, during which protons, neutrons, etc. couldn't form from the soup of quarks and gluons in the universe. Quark-Gluon plasma can be formed from regular matter under (really) extreme heat and pressure, but once it forms, what happens next? If you formed it from hydrogen or helium, would it look the same as if you'd formed it from iron or uranium? After the quark epoch, we eventually got hydrogen. Would Quark-Gluon plasma always turn into hydrogen after it cooled/expanded no matter where it came from?

submitted by /u/nikstick22
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How do we know radioactive decay based absolute dating is accurate, i.e. that the rate of radioactive decay does not change?

Posted: 03 May 2018 01:39 PM PDT

I've long wondered how we know radioactive decay occurs at a constant rate. Despite humans only measuring radioactive decay for roughly a century, all scientists seem entirely confident in the absolute dating values this results in, spanning back billions of years. I expect that this relies on quantum mechanics and some physical constant(s), but I'm unclear on what they may be. I've asked researchers in quantum physics, but failed to get an answer.

Is a constant rate of radioactive decay merely an assumption, or is there hard science behind it? Presuming there's some physical constant this relies on, how can we know it doesn't change?

submitted by /u/Chard121
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Beyond obvious generalities like sea level rise, what exactly are some specific projected trends for climate change in various parts of the world? What should we expect every decade up to 2100 based on what we know?

Posted: 03 May 2018 03:00 PM PDT

Do lightning rods and Faraday cages operate using the same principle?

Posted: 03 May 2018 06:40 PM PDT

Basically what the title says. I may have a simplified understanding of how both function, but I'm just wondering if a Faraday cage is functional due to the same principle/effect/law/etc. as a lightning rod. It seems somewhat similar to a radio antenna, as well, so if you could answer that too, it would be appreciated.

submitted by /u/crocoduck117
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How Does Gravity Affect Single Particles?

Posted: 04 May 2018 12:11 AM PDT

Does a single particle (like a hydrogen atom) in a vacuum fall like a macroscopic object in a relatively weak gravitational field (like the Earth's)? Or maybe does its position expectation value change like -(1/2)gt2 ? ELIundergrad if possible, and thanks!

submitted by /u/ryrinder
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How good are we at transporting electricity ?

Posted: 04 May 2018 12:07 AM PDT

How is is done ? Is it expensive, how high is the power loss ? Can we expect significant improvements in the near future ?

submitted by /u/Maaanth
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