AskScience AMA Series: I was NASA's first "Mars Czar" and I consulted on the sci-fi adventure film THE SPACE BETWEEN US. Let's talk about interplanetary space travel and Mars colonization... AMA! | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, February 1, 2017

AskScience AMA Series: I was NASA's first "Mars Czar" and I consulted on the sci-fi adventure film THE SPACE BETWEEN US. Let's talk about interplanetary space travel and Mars colonization... AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: I was NASA's first "Mars Czar" and I consulted on the sci-fi adventure film THE SPACE BETWEEN US. Let's talk about interplanetary space travel and Mars colonization... AMA!


AskScience AMA Series: I was NASA's first "Mars Czar" and I consulted on the sci-fi adventure film THE SPACE BETWEEN US. Let's talk about interplanetary space travel and Mars colonization... AMA!

Posted: 01 Feb 2017 05:00 AM PST

Hi, I'm Scott Hubbard and I'm an adjunct professor at Stanford University in the department of aeronautics and astronautics and was at NASA for 20 years, where I was the Director of the Ames Research Center and was appointed NASA's first "Mars Czar." I was brought on board to consult on the film THE SPACE BETWEEN US, to help advise on the story's scientific accuracy. The film features many exciting elements of space exploration, including interplanetary travel, Mars colonization and questions about the effects of Mars' gravity on a developing human in a story about the first human born on the red planet. Let's chat!

Scott will be around starting at 2 PM PT (5 PM ET, 22 UT).

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why can't we theoretically get infinite electrical power through transformers?

Posted: 01 Feb 2017 05:32 AM PST

If we can take a low voltage and turn it into a higher voltage, why can't we just keep on doing this and get more and more electrical power?

submitted by /u/blackdeath321
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 01 Feb 2017 07:05 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

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Is the Spring constant (K) of a spring an actual constant or is it dependent on x (stretch)?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 09:27 PM PST

In my physics class we are doing a lab, and part of it I had to calculate the spring constant of a spring. As i increased the force acting on the spring, ie stretched it further, the calculated spring constant changed from about 4.5 down to 3.5. I believe I also did not reach the elastic limit of the spring, as we retested it and got the same results.

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Why do we perceive red as running into violet on a color wheel if their light frequencies don't similarly run into each other on the light spectrum? [neuroscience]

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 03:10 PM PST

For all other colors that bleed into each other on a color wheel, there is a corresponding "bleeding together" of frequencies on the light spectrum. Why do we perceive color in this way? Would this be the case if the visible light spectrum was a different stretch of the light spectrum, for example if we could see only between yellow and blue, or infrared and ultraviolet? Please let me know if it's unclear what I'm asking. I also was unsure whether to tag this in neuroscience, biology, or physics.

submitted by /u/sikemeay
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Whats the maximum angle light can be redirected by a gravity well?

Posted: 01 Feb 2017 06:05 AM PST

I understand that black holes, stars and any massive enough gravity well can blend light but whats the upper limit on the angle, is it possible for light to do a complete 180 and fly back towards the source?

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How do scientists take off particles of matter from a material for research that are as small as a micro meter or nano meter in size?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 09:56 PM PST

How do scientists remove particles that are as small as a micro meter or nano meter from a material in order to inspect those particles? What processes or technology do scientists use to accomplish this?

I could not find this information online. Thank you very much for your assistance.

submitted by /u/Bearathor2156
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Is it possible for a person to be colorblind in only one eye?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 09:53 AM PST

Something like the heterochromia mutation?

submitted by /u/thebrandedman
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What is the speed of sound in a neutron star?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 12:02 PM PST

Before mining happened on earth, which natural resources would be visible from the surface?

Posted: 01 Feb 2017 02:40 AM PST

I imagine the easiest bits were mined first. Would there have been mountains literally glistening with gold and diamonds just 10,000 years ago?

submitted by /u/breathing_normally
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Is there difference between 2G, 3G, and 4G in terms of power consumption?

Posted: 01 Feb 2017 02:33 AM PST

Do all three standards consume the same amount of power if we assume that it takes all three standards 5 minutes to download a 1MB file?

submitted by /u/q1029384756
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Are lasers required to produce collimated light?

Posted: 01 Feb 2017 06:13 AM PST

I was reading the wikipedia article on laser diodes which says:

Due to diffraction, the beam diverges (expands) rapidly after leaving the chip, typically at 30 degrees vertically by 10 degrees laterally. A lens must be used in order to form a collimated beam like that produced by a laser pointer. If a circular beam is required,

If the beam produced by a laser diode diverges and needs to be corrected with a lens anyways, do we need a laser diode at all? Could a regular LED or any other light source be used instead?

submitted by /u/gburdell4u53
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When talking about the age of the universe, which reference frame are scientists using?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 06:49 PM PST

I understand that, the stronger the gravitational field the slower time would pass - wouldn't it mean that the early (more dense)universe had a slower clock overall? When the number 13.8 Billion years is mentioned, which reference frame has experienced all this time?

submitted by /u/paskal91
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Is there an animal/organism that does not sleep? Does it have the capacity for learning and memory?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 08:05 AM PST

One of the hypotheses for the function of sleep is to strengthen previously learned information and filter out 'irrelevant' or 'useless' information learned during waking.

Are there any organisms that do not show classically defined 'sleep'?

Sleep I will define as a state of immobility, reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, and is homeostatically controlled.

submitted by /u/DarwinDanger
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Why does hearing dimish when we yawn?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 11:34 AM PST

As you approach the speed of light, does the CMB in front of you get blueshifted?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 05:48 PM PST

And similarly redshifted behind you?

submitted by /u/FTLSquid
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If a neutron is made of 3 quarks, each with spin +1/2, why does a neutron only have a spin of +1/2?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 08:30 PM PST

Is this to do with the Pauli Exclusion Principle as it relates to quarks?

submitted by /u/CallMeDoc24
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What's happening in their brain when someone with dyslexia mixes up letters?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 12:49 PM PST

As the light of more stars reaches the earth, will the night sky become brighter and brighter over time?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 11:53 AM PST

Looking forward billions of years, if someone was able to look up at the night sky from earth (lets assume its still here), will there be some point in the future where the night sky is saturated with light?

submitted by /u/clorisland
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Where does it hail the most? What causes it to hail there more than anywhere else?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 11:49 AM PST

I was driving to school today and we got hail today for the first time I can remember in years. It snows yearly where I live

submitted by /u/FloofyRabbit
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Is there a maximum "brightness"?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 04:36 PM PST

Would a situation be possible where some surface would be entirely "covered" in photons whereas no more photons could physically fit there?

submitted by /u/Opqwer
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When a geographically isolated population becomes reproductively isolated from previously interbreeding populations, what exactly changes to make them incapable of interbreeding?

Posted: 31 Jan 2017 10:36 AM PST

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